CASES FOR 1-13-2016

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1

EN BANC

ANTONIO LEJANO, G.R. No. 176389Petitioner,

Present:CORONA, C.J.,CARPIO,CARPIO MORALES,

VELASCO, JR.,NACHURA,

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,- verss - !RION,

PERALTA,!ERSAMIN

,DEL CASTI

LLO,A!AD,VILLARAMA, JR.,PERE",MENDO"A, #n$SERENO,JJ.

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,Res%on$ent.

& --------------------------------------------- &PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 176864

A%%e''ee,- verss -HUBERT JEFFREY P. WEBB,ANTONIO LEJANO, MICHAELA. GATCHALIAN, HOSPICIOFERNANE!, MIGUEL RORIGUE!,

PETER ESTRAA "#$ GERARO Pro(')#te$:BIONG,A%%e''#nts. De*e(+er 1, 1&------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---- & DECISION

ABA,J.:

B%&'( B")*+%o#$

On Jne /, 1001 Estre''it# Vi*on$e #n$ 2er

$#)2ters C#r(e'#, nineteen 3e#rs o'$, #n$ Jenni4er, seven,

5ere +rt#''3 s'#in #t t2eir 2o(e in P#r##6e Cit3. 7o''o5in)

#n intense investi)#tion, t2e %o'i*e #rreste$ # )ro% o4

ss%e*ts, so(e o4 52o( )#ve $et#i'e$ *on4essions. !t t2e

tri#' *ort s(e''e$ # 4r#(e-% #n$ event#''3 or$ere$ t2e(

$is*2#r)e$. T2s, t2e i$entities o4 t2e re#' %er%etr#tors

re(#ine$ # (3ster3 es%e*i#''3 to t2e %+'i* 52ose interests

5ere #rose$ +3 t2e )ri%%in) $et#i's o4 52#t ever3+o$3

re4erre$ to #s t2e Vi*on$e (#ss#*re.

7or 3e#rs '#ter in 1008, t2e N#tion#' !re# o4

Investi)#tion or N!I #nnon*e$ t2#t it 2#$ so've$ t2e

*ri(e. It %resente$ st#r-5itness Jessi*# M. A'4#ro, one o4 its

in4or(ers, 52o *'#i(e$ t2#t s2e 5itnesse$ t2e *ri(e. S2e

%ointe$ to #**se$ H+ert Je9re3 P. e++, Antonio Ton3 !o3

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Le;#no, Arte(io Don) Ventr#, Mi*2#e' A. *er, *er 52o

#to%sie$ t2e +o$ies o4 t2e vi*ti(s, t2e se*rit3 )#r$s o4

Piton) D##n S+$ivision, t2e 4or(er '#n$r35o(#n o4 t2e

e++s 2ose2o'$, %o'i*e o>*er !ion)s 4or(er )ir'4rien$,

#n$ L#ro $#vit #n$ t2#t s2e 4e't nsre i4 s2e 5o'$ )et t2e

s%%ort #n$ se*rit3 s2e nee$e$ on*e s2e $is*'ose$ #''

#+ot t2e Vi*on$e =i''in)s.

In *ontr#st, t2e tri#' *ort t2o)2t 'itt'e o4 t2e $eni#'s

#n$ #'i+is t2#t e++, Le;#no, Ro$ri)e, #n$

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/

#n$ Ro$ri)e t2e %en#'t3 o4 re*'sion %er%et# #n$ on

!ion), #n in$eter(in#te %rison ter( o4 e'even 3e#rs, 4or

(ont2s, #n$ one $#3 to t5e've 3e#rs. T2e tri#' *ort #'so

#5#r$e$ $#(#)es to L#ro Vi*on$e./B

On #%%e#', t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s #>r(e$ t2e tri#'

*orts $e*ision, (o$i43in) t2e %en#'t3 i(%ose$ on !ion) to

si& 3e#rs (ini(( #n$ t5e've 3e#rs (#&i(( #n$

in*re#sin) t2e #5#r$ o4 $#(#)es to L#ro Vi*on$e. BT2e

#%%e''#te *ort $i$ not #)ree t2#t t2e #**se$ 5ere trie$ +3

%+'i*it3 or t2#t t2e tri#' ;$)e 5#s +i#se$. It 4on$

s>*ient evi$en*e o4 *ons%ir#*3 t2#t ren$ere$ Ro$ri)e,

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In t2e (#in, #'' t2e #**se$ r#ise t2e *entr#' isse o4

52et2er or not e++, #*tin) in *ons%ir#*3 5it2 Le;#no,

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8

s%e*i(en #n$ e++ in 4#*t so)2t to 2#ve t2e s#(e

s+;e*te$ to DNA test.

7or, #not2er, 52en e++ r#ise$ t2e DNA isse, t2e

r'e )overnin) DNA evi$en*e $i$ not 3et e&ist, t2e *ontr3

$i$ not 3et 2#ve t2e te*2no'o)3 4or *on$*tin) t2e test, #n$

no P2i'i%%ine %re*e$ent 2#$ #s 3et re*o)nie$ its

#$(issi+i'it3 #s evi$en*e. Conse6ent'3, t2e i$e# o4 =ee%in)

t2e s%e*i(en se*re even #4ter t2e tri#' *ort re;e*te$ t2e

(otion 4or DNA testin) $i$ not *o(e %. In$ee$, neit2er

e++ nor 2is *o-#**se$ +ro)2t % t2e (#tter o4

%reservin) t2e s%e*i(en in t2e (e#nti(e.

P#rent2eti*#''3, #4ter t2e tri#' *ort $enie$ e++s

#%%'i*#tion 4or DNA testin), 2e #''o5e$ t2e %ro*ee$in) to

(ove on 52en 2e 2#$ on #t 'e#st t5o o**#sions )one % to

t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s or t2e S%re(e Cort to *2#''en)e

#''e)e$ #r+itr#r3 #*tions t#=en #)#inst 2i( #n$ t2e ot2er

#**se$.11BT2e3 r#ise$ t2e DNA isse +e4ore t2e Cort o4

A%%e#'s +t (ere'3 #s #n error *o((itte$ +3 t2e tri#' *ort

in ren$erin) its $e*ision in t2e *#se. None o4 t2e #**se$

@'e$ # (otion 5it2 t2e #%%e#'s *ort to 2#ve t2e DNA test

$one %en$in) #$;$i*#tion o4 t2eir #%%e#'. T2is, even 52en

t2e S%re(e Cort 2#$ in t2e (e#nti(e %#sse$ t2e r'es

#''o5in) s*2 test. Consi$erin) t2e #**se$s '#*= o4 interest

in 2#vin) s*2 test $one, t2e St#te *#nnot +e $ee(e$ %t

on re#son#+'e noti*e t2#t it 5o'$ +e re6ire$ to %ro$*e

t2e se(en s%e*i(en #t so(e 4tre ti(e.

No5, to t2e (erit o4 t2e *#se.

A("%o- So%

!#se$ on t2e %rose*tions version, *''e$ 4ro( t2e

$e*isions o4 t2e tri#' *ort #n$ t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s, on Jne

0, 1001 #t #ron$ :/ in t2e evenin), Jessi*# A'4#ro $rove

2er Mits+is2i L#n*er, 5it2 +o34rien$ Peter Estr#$# #s

%#ssen)er, to t2e A3#'# A'#+#n) Co((er*i#' Center %#r=in)

'ot to +3 shabu 4ro( Arte(io

Don) Ventr#. T2ere,Ventr# intro$*e$ 2er to 2is 4rien$s:

H+ert Je9re3 P. e++, Antonio Ton3 !o3 Le;#no, Mi)e'

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F

S+$ivision, !7 Ho(es, P#r##6e Cit3. Ri$in) in 2er *#r,

A'4#ro #n$ Estr#$# tr#i'e$ 7i'#rt #n$ Ro$ri)e 52o ro$e #

M#$# %i*=-% #n$ e++, Le;#no, Ventr#, 7ern#n$e, #n$

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A'4#ro %#r=e$ 2er *#r +et5een Vi*on$es 2ose #n$

t2e ne&t. 2i'e 5#itin) 4or t2e ot2ers to #'i)2t 4ro( t2eir

*#rs, 7ern#n$e #%%ro#*2e$ A'4#ro 5it2 # s))estion t2#t

t2e3 +'o5 % t2e tr#ns4or(er ne#r t2e Vi*on$es resi$en*e

to *#se # +ro5not GPasabugin kaya natin ang transormer

na ito!. !t A'4#ro s2r))e$ o9 t2e i$e#, te''in)

7ern#n$e, Malakas lang ang tama mo. 2en e++, Le;#no,

#n$ Ventr# 5ere #'re#$3 +e4ore t2e 2ose, e++ to'$ t2e

ot2ers #)#in t2#t t2e3 5o'$ 'ine % 4or C#r(e'# +t 2e

5o'$ +e t2e @rst. T2e ot2ers re%'ie$, O sige, dito lang kami,

magbabantay lang kami.

A'4#ro 5#s t2e @rst to %#ss t2ro)2 t2e %e$estri#n

)#te t2#t 2#$ +een 'e4t o%en. e++, Le;#no,

#n$ Ventr# 4o''o5e$ 2er. On enterin) t2e

)#r#)e, Ventr# sin) # *2#ir (onte$ t2e 2oo$ o4 t2e

Vi*on$es Niss#n Sentr# #n$ 'oosene$ t2e e'e*tri* +'+ over

it Gpara da" "alang ila"!.T2e s(#'' )ro% 5ent t2ro)2 t2e

o%en iron )ri'' )#te #n$ %#sse$ t2e $irt3 =it*2en. C#r(e'#

o%ene$ t2e #'(in( s*reen $oor o4 t2e =it*2en 4or

t2e(. S2e #n$ e++ 'oo=e$ e#*2 ot2er in t2e e3es 4or #

(o(ent #n$, to)et2er, 2e#$e$ 4or t2e $inin) #re#.

As s2e 'ost si)2t o4 C#r(e'# #n$ e++, A'4#ro

$e*i$e$ to )o ot. Le;#no #s=e$ 2er 52ere s2e 5#s )oin)

#n$ s2e re%'ie$ t2#t s2e 5#s )oin) ot to s(o=e. As s2e

e#se$ 2er 5#3 ot t2ro)2 t2e =it*2en $oor, s2e

s#5 Ventr# %''in) ot # =it*2en $r#5er. A'4#ro s(o=e$ #

*i)#rette #t t2e )#r$en. A4ter #+ot t5ent3 (intes, s2e

5#s sr%rise$ to 2e#r # 5o(#ns voi*e #s=, #ino yan$ A'4#ro

i((e$i#te'3 5#'=e$ ot o4 t2e )#r$en to 2er *#r. S2e 4on$

2er ot2er *o(%#nions (i''in) #ron$ it. Estr#$# 52o s#t in

t2e *#r #s=e$ 2er,Okay ba$

A4ter sittin) in t2e *#r 4or #+ot ten (intes, A'4#ro

retrne$ to t2e Vi*on$e 2ose, sin) t2e s#(e rote. T2e

interior o4 t2e 2ose 5#s $#r= +t so(e 'i)2t @'tere$ in 4ro(

otsi$e. In t2e =it*2en, A'4#ro s#5 Ventr# se#r*2in) # '#$3s

+#) t2#t '#3 on t2e $inin) t#+'e. 2en s2e #s=e$ 2i( 52#t

2e 5#s 'oo=in) 4or, 2e s#i$: %ka" na nga dito, maghanap ka

ng susi. S2e #s=e$ 2i( 52#t =e3 2e 5#nte$ #n$ 2e

re%'ie$: Basta maghanap ka ng susi ng main door pati na rin

ng susi ng kotse. 2en s2e 4on$ # +n*2 o4 =e3s in t2e

+#), s2e trie$ t2e( on t2e (#in $oor +t none @tte$ t2e

'o*=. S2e #'so $i$ not @n$ t2e *#r =e3.

Un#+'e to o%en t2e (#in $oor, A'4#ro retrne$ to t2e

=it*2en. 2i'e s2e 5#s #t # s%ot 'e#$in) to t2e $inin) #re#,

s2e 2e#r$ # st#ti* noise G'i=e # te'evision t2#t re(#ine$ on

#4ter t2e st#tion 2#$ si)ne$ o9. Ot o4 *riosit3, s2e

#%%ro#*2e$ t2e (#sters +e$roo( 4ro( 52ere t2e noise

*#(e, o%ene$ t2e $oor # 'itt'e, #n$ %ee=e$ insi$e. T2e

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ns#' son$ )re5 even 'o$er. As s2e 5#'=e$ in, s2e s#5

e++ on to% o4 C#r(e'# 52i'e s2e '#3 5it2 2er +#*= on t2e

oor. T5o +'oo$ie$ +o$ies '#3 on t2e +e$. Le;#no 5#s #t t2e

4oot o4 t2e +e$ #+ot to 5e#r 2is ;#*=et. C#r(e'# 5#s)#))e$, (o#nin), #n$ in te#rs 52i'e e++ r#%e$ 2er, 2is

+#re +tto*=s e&%ose$.

e++ )#ve A'4#ro # (e#nin)4' 'oo= #n$ s2e

i((e$i#te'3 'e4t t2e roo(. S2e (et Ventr# #t t2e $inin)

#re#. He to'$ 2er, Prepare an es&ape. Aalis na tayo. S2o*=e$

5it2 52#t s2e s#5, A'4#ro rs2e$ ot o4 t2e 2ose to t2e

ot2ers 52o 5ere eit2er sittin) in 2er *#r or (i''in) on t2e

si$e5#'=. S2e entere$ 2er *#r #n$ trne$ on t2e en)ine +t

s2e $i$ not =no5 52ere to )o. e++, Le;#no,

#n$ Ventr# *#(e ot o4 t2e 2ose ;st t2en. e++

s$$en'3 %i*=e$ % # stone #n$ t2re5 it #t t2e (#in $oor,

+re#=in) its )'#ss 4r#(e.

As t2e t2ree (en #%%ro#*2e$ t2e %e$estri#n )#te,

e++ to'$ Ventr# t2#t 2e 4or)ot 2is ;#*=et in t2e

2ose. !t Ventr# to'$ 2i( t2#t t2e3 *o'$ not )et in

#n3(ore #s t2e iron )ri''s 2#$ #'re#$3 'o*=e$. T2e3 #'' ro$e

in t2eir *#rs #n$ $rove #5#3 nti' t2e3 re#*2e$ A)irre

Avene. As t2e3 )ot ne#r #n o'$ 2ote' #t

t2e Tro%i*#' P#'#*e #re#, A'4#ro noti*e$ t2e Niss#n P#tro'

s'o5 $o5n. So(eone t2re5 so(et2in) ot o4 t2e *#r into

t2e *o)on#' #re#.

T2e *onvo3 o4 *#rs 5ent to # '#r)e 2ose 5it2 2i)25#''s, *on*rete 4en*e, stee' )#te, #n$ # 'on) $rive5#3 #t !7

E&e*tive Vi''#)e. T2e3 entere$ t2e *o(%on$ #n$ )#t2ere$

#t t2e '#5n 52ere t2e +'#(in) session too= %'#*e. It 5#s

2ere t2#t A'4#ro #n$ t2ose 52o re(#ine$ otsi$e t2e

Vi*on$e 2ose 'e#rne$ o4 52#t 2#%%ene$. T2e @rst to +e

=i''e$ 5#s C#r(e'#s (ot2er, t2en Jenni4er, #n$ @n#''3,

C#r(e''#. Ventr# +'#(e$ e++, te''in) 2i(, Bakit naman

pati yung bata$ e++ re%'ie$ t2#t t2e )ir' 5o=e % #n$ on

seein) 2i( (o'estin) C#r(e'#, s2e ;(%e$ on 2i(, +it 2is

s2o'$ers, #n$ %''e$ 2is 2#ir. e++ )ot (#$, )r#++e$ t2e

)ir', %s2e$ 2er to t2e 5#'', #n$ re%e#te$'3 st#++e$

2er.Le;#no e&*se$ 2i(se'4 #t t2is %oint to se t2e

te'e%2one in t2e 2ose. Me#n52i'e, e++ *#''e$ %

so(eone on 2is *e'''#r %2one.

At #ron$ : in t2e (ornin), #**se$

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0

1. T/' 0"& o( /' '--

#s A'4#ro #n or$in#r3 s+$ivision )ir' 52o s2o5e$% #t t2e N!I #4ter 4or 3e#rs, +ot2ere$ +3 2er *ons*ien*e or

e))e$ on +3 re'#tives or 4rien$s to *o(e 4or5#r$ #n$ $o

52#t 5#s ri)2t No. S2e 5#s, #t t2e ti(e s2e reve#'e$ 2er

stor3, 5or=in) 4or t2e N!I #s #n #sset, # stoo' %i)eon, one

52o e#rne$ 2er 'ivin) +3 4r#terniin) 5it2 *ri(in#'s so s2e

*o'$ s6e#' on t2e( to 2er N!I 2#n$'ers. S2e 2#$ to 'ive #

'i4e o4 'ies to )et re5#r$s t2#t 5o'$ %#3 4or 2er s+sisten*e

#n$ vi*es.

A**or$in) to Att3. Arte(io S#*#)in), 4or(er 2e#$ o4

t2e N!I Anti-Ki$n#%%in), Hi;#*=in), #n$ Ar(e$ Ro++er3 T#s=

7or*e GAKHAR Se*tion, A'4#ro 2#$ +een 2#n)in) #ron$ #t

t2e N!I sin*e Nove(+er or De*e(+er 100 #s #n #sset. S2e

s%%'ie$ 2er 2#n$'ers 5it2 in4or(#tion #)#inst $r) %s2ers

#n$ ot2er *ri(in#' e'e(ents. So(e o4 t2is in4or(#tion 'e$ to

t2e *#%tre o4 notorios $r) %s2ers 'i=e C2risto%2er Cr

S#ntos #n$ Or'#n$o !#*6ir. A'4#ros ti% 'e$ to t2e #rrest o4

t2e 'e#$er o4 t2e M#rti'3o )#n) t2#t =i''e$ # %o'i*e

o>*er. !e*#se o4 2er t#'ent, t2e t#s= 4or*e )#ve 2er ver3

s%e*i#' tre#t(ent #n$ s2e +e*#(e its $#r'in), #''o5e$ t2e

%rivi'e)e o4 s%en$in) ni)2ts in one o4 t2e roo(s #t t2e N!I

o>*es.

2en A'4#ro see(e$ n%ro$*tive 4or so(eti(e,

2o5ever, t2e3 te#se$ 2er #+ot it #n$ s2e 5#s %i6e$. One

$#3, s2e ne&%e*te$'3 to'$ S#*#)in) t2#t s2e =ne5so(eone 52o 2#$ t2e re#' stor3 +e2in$ t2e Vi*on$e

(#ss#*re. S#*#)in) s2o5e$ interest. A'4#ro %ro(ise$ to

+rin) t2#t so(eone to t2e N!I to te'' 2is stor3. 2en t2is $i$

not 2#%%en #n$ S#*#)in) *ontine$ to %ress 2er, s2e to'$

2i( t2#t s2e (i)2t #s 5e'' #ss(e t2e ro'e o4 2er

in4or(#nt. S#*#)in) testi@e$ t2s:

ATTY. ONG5I5O. A. S")"++, /o $&$ J'--&)"

A("%o ')o' " '-- /':&;)o#$' %$'% )"-'< W& o' /' Ho#o%"' Co%'%-"$' /'% o %o$)' o '/" "# "#$ -/' >%o&-'$ /"

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1

$' &', -/' & %+ o ' /'"#, "#$ o+'/'% &/ /'%, '& % o )o#2)' /& o ") "- "-"' '-- "#$ /'> - /'-o&o# o( /' )"-'.

= = = =. A. S")"++, '%' o "' o

'%2&' /&- "'+'$ '-->'#'$ "('%

/"">">'"# *o, >">">'"# *o #""#+ "#.

= = = =

ATTY. ONG5I5O. A %&+/, "#$ /" "- o% %'")&o#

/'# M-. A("%o -"'$ /">">">'"# *o #" "#+ "#&)&o- $'"&-

!t 5#s it %ossi+'e 4or A'4#ro to 'ie 5it2 s*2

#+n$#nt $et#i's so(e o4 52i*2 even t#''ie$ 5it2 t2e

%23si*#' evi$en*e #t t2e s*ene o4 t2e *ri(e No $o+t, 3es.

7irst'3, t2e Vi*on$e (#ss#*re 2#$ +een re%orte$ in

t2e (e$i# 5it2 $i3in) $et#i's. Ever3+o$3 5#s t#'=in)

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#+ot 52#t t2e %o'i*e 4on$ #t t2e *ri(e s*ene #n$ t2ere

5ere 'ots o4 s%e*'#tions #+ot t2e(.

Se*on$'3, t2e %o'i*e 2#$ #rreste$ so(e #=3#t-+#2#3)ro% in P#r##6e #n$ *2#r)e$ t2e( 5it2 t2e *ri(e. T2e

%o'i*e %re%#re$ t2e *on4essions o4 t2e (en t2e3

#%%re2en$e$ #n$ @''e$ t2ese % 5it2 $et#i's t2#t t2e

evi$en*e o4 t2e *ri(e s*ene %rovi$e$. A'4#ros N!I 2#n$'ers

52o 5ere $oin) t2eir o5n investi)#tion =ne5 o4 t2ese

$et#i's #s 5e''. Sin*e A'4#ro 2#n)e$ ot #t t2e N!I o>*es

#n$ %r#*ti*#''3 'ive$ t2ere, it 5#s not too $i>*'t 4or 2er to

2e#r o4 t2ese evi$enti#r3 $et#i's #n$ )#in #**ess to t2e

$o*(ents.

Not sr%risin)'3, t2e *on4essions o4 so(e (e(+ers

o4 t2e !#rroso #=3#t +#2#3 )#n), *on$e(ne$ +3 t2e M#=#ti

RTC #s 4#+ri*#te$ +3 t2e %o'i*e to %in t2e *ri(e on t2e(,

s2o5s 2o5 *ri(e investi)#tors *o'$ (#=e # *on4ession rin)

tre +3 (#t*2in) so(e o4 its $et#i's 5it2 t2e %23si*#'

evi$en*e #t t2e *ri(e s*ene. Consi$er t2e 4o''o5in):

#. T2e !#rroso )#n) (e(+ers s#i$ t2#t t2e3 )ot into

C#r(e'#s 2ose +3 +re#=in) t2e )'#ss %#ne' o4 t2e 4ront

$oor sin) # stone 5r#%%e$ in *'ot2 to $e#$en t2e

noise.A'4#ro *o'$ not se t2is 'ine sin*e t2e *ore o4 2er

stor3 5#s t2#t e++ 5#s C#r(e'#s +o34rien$. e++ 2#$ no

re#son to s(#s2 2er 4ront $oor to )et to see 2er.

Conse6ent'3, to e&%'#in t2e s(#s2e$ $oor, A'4#ro2#$ to sett'e 4or *'#i(in) t2#t, on t2e 5#3 ot o4 t2e 2ose,

e++ %i*=e$ % so(e stone #n$, ot o4 t2e +'e, 2r'e$ it #t

t2e )'#ss-%#ne'e$ 4ront $oor o4 t2e Vi*on$e resi$en*e. His

#*tion re#''3 (#$e no sense. 7ro( A'4#ros n#rr#tion, e++

#%%e#re$ r#tion#' in 2is $e*isions. It 5#s %#st (i$ni)2t, t2e

2ose 5#s $#r=, #n$ t2e3 5#nte$ to )et #5#3 6i*='3 to

#voi$ $ete*tion. Hr'in) # stone #t t2#t )'#ss $oor #n$

*#sin) # tre(en$os noise 5#s +i#rre, 'i=e invitin) t2e

nei)2+ors to *o(e.

+. T2e *ri(e s*ene s2o5e$ t2#t t2e 2ose 2#$ +een

r#ns#*=e$. T2e re;e*te$ *on4essions o4 t2e !#rroso #=3#t-

+#2#3 )#n) (e(+ers s#i$ t2#t t2e3 trie$ to ro+ t2e

2ose. To e&%'#in t2is %23si*#' evi$en*e, A'4#ro *'#i(e$ t2#t

#t one %oint Ventr# 5#s %''in) # =it*2en $r#5er, #n$ #t

#not2er %oint, )oin) t2ro)2 # 2#n$+#) on t2e $inin)

t#+'e. He s#i$ 2e 5#s 'oo=in) 4or t2e 4ront-$oor =e3 #n$ t2e

*#r =e3.

A)#in, t2is %ortion o4 A'4#ros stor3 #%%e#rs tortre$

to #**o((o$#te t2e %23si*#' evi$en*e o4 t2e r#ns#*=e$

2ose. S2e never (entione$ Ventr# 2#vin) t#=en so(e

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v#'#+'es 5it2 2i( 52en t2e3 'e4t C#r(e'#s 2ose. An$ 523

5o'$ Ventr# r((#)e # +#) on t2e t#+'e 4or t2e 4ront-

$oor =e3, s%i''in) t2e *ontents, 52en t2e3 2#$ #'re#$3

)otten into t2e 2ose. It is # stor3 (#$e to @t in 5it2 t2e*ri(e s*ene #'t2o)2 ro++er3 5#s s%%ose$'3 not t2e

re#son e++ #n$ 2is *o(%#nions entere$ t2#t 2ose.

*. It is t2e s#(e t2in) 5it2 t2e )#r#)e 'i)2t. T2e

%o'i*e investi)#tors 4on$ t2#t t2e +'+ 2#$ +een 'oosene$

to trn o9 t2e 'i)2t. T2e *on4essions o4 t2e !#rroso )#n)

*'#i(e$ t2#t one o4 t2e( *'i(+e$ t2e %#r=e$ *#rs 2oo$ to

re#*2 % #n$ $#r=en t2#t 'i)2t. T2is (#$e sense sin*e t2e3

5ere )oin) to ro+ t2e %'#*e #n$ t2e3 nee$e$ ti(e to 5or= in

t2e $#r= tr3in) to o%en t2e 4ront $oor. So(e %#ssers+3

(i)2t 'oo= in #n$ see 52#t t2e3 5ere $oin).

A'4#ro 2#$ to #$;st 2er testi(on3 to t#=e into

#**ont t2#t $#r=ene$ )#r#)e 'i)2t. So s2e *'#i(e$

t2#t Ventr# *'i(+e$ t2e *#rs 2oo$, sin) # *2#ir, to trn

t2e 'i)2t o9.!t, n'i=e t2e !#rroso #=3#t-+#2#3 )#n), e++

#n$ 2is 4rien$s $i$ not 2#ve #n3t2in) to $o in # $#r=ene$

)#r#)e. T2e3 s%%ose$'3 =ne5 in #$v#n*e t2#t C#r(e'# 'e4t

t2e $oors to t2e =it*2en o%en 4or t2e(. It $i$ not (#=e

sense 4or Ventr# to ris= st#n$in) on t2e *#rs 2oo$ #n$ +e

seen in s*2 #n #5=5#r$ %osition inste#$ o4 )oin) str#i)2t

into t2e 2ose.

An$, t2ir$'3, A'4#ro 5#s t2e N!Is st#r 5itness, t2eir

+#$)e o4 e&*e''ent investi)#tive 5or=. A4ter *'#i(in) t2#t

t2e3 2#$ so've$ t2e *ri(e o4 t2e $e*#$e, t2e N!I %eo%'e 2#$

# st#=e in (#=in) 2er son$ *re$i+'e #n$, o+vios'3, t2e3)#ve 2er #'' t2e %re%#r#tions s2e nee$e$ 4or t2e ;o+ o4

+e*o(in) # 4#ir'3 )oo$ s+stitte 5itness. S2e 5#s t2eir

$#r'in) o4 #n #sset. An$ t2is is not %re s%e*'#tion. As

%ointe$ ot #+ove, S#*#)in) o4 t2e N!I, # '#53er #n$ #

r#n=in) o>*i#', *on@r(e$ t2is to +e # *o'$ 4#*t. 23 t2e

tri#' *ort #n$ t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s 4#i'e$ to see t2is is

(3sti43in).

At #n3 r#te, $i$ A'4#ro #t 'e#st 2#ve # @ne (e(or3

4or 4#*es t2#t 2#$ # stron) e9e*t on 2er, )iven t2e

*ir*(st#n*es Not 'i=e'3. S2e n#(e$ Mi)e' *e, s2e r#n +erser=, s'#%%in) #n$ =i*=in) Mi*2#e',

e&*'#i(in): Ho5 *#n I 4or)et 3or 4#*e. e ;st s#5 e#*2

ot2er in # $is*o one (ont2 #)o #n$ 3o to'$ (e t2en t2#t

3o 5i'' =i'' (e. As it trne$ ot, 2e 5#s not Mi)e'

Ro$ri)e, t2e #**se$ in t2is *#se. 1/B
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn13

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T5o %ossi+i'ities e&ist: Mi*2#e' 5#s re#''3 t2e one

A'4#ro 5#nte$ to i(%'i*#te to sett'e so(e s*ore 5it2 2i( +t

it 5#s too '#te to *2#n)e t2e n#(e s2e #'re#$3 )#ve or s2e

2#$ (3o%i* vision, t#))in) t2e 5ron) %eo%'e 4or 52#t t2e3$i$ not $o.

3. T/' 0"& o( /' '-&o#

T2ere is #not2er t2in) #+ot # '3in) 5itness: 2er

stor3 '#*=s sense or s9ers 4ro( in2erent

in*onsisten*ies. An n$erst#n$in) o4 t2e n#tre o4 t2in)s

#n$ t2e *o((on +e2#vior o4 %eo%'e 5i'' 2e'% e&%ose #

'ie. An$ it 2#s #n #+n$#nt %resen*e in t2is *#se.

One. In 2er $esire to i(%'i*#te

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T2ree. 2en A'4#ro 5ent to see C#r(e'# #t 2er 2ose

4or t2e se*on$ ti(e, C#r(e''# to'$ 2er t2#t s2e sti'' 2#$ to

)o ot #n$ t2#t e++ #n$ 2is 4rien$s s2o'$ *o(e +#*=

#ron$ (i$ni)2t. A'4#ro retrne$ to 2er *#r #n$ 5#ite$ 4orC#r(e'# to $rive ot in 2er o5n *#r. An$ s2e tr#i'e$ 2er %

to A)irre Avene 52ere s2e s%%ose$'3 $ro%%e$ o9 # (#n

52o( s2e t2o)2t 5#s C#r(e'#s +o34rien$. A'4#ros tr#i'in)

C#r(e'# to s%3 on 2er n4#it24'ness to e++ $i$ not (#=e

sense sin*e s2e 5#s on 'i(ite$ err#n$. !t, #s # *riti*#'

5itness, A'4#ro 2#$ to %rovi$e # re#son 4or e++ to 4re#= ot

#n$ $e*i$e to *o(e 5it2 2is 4rien$s #n$ 2#r( C#r(e'#.

7or. A**or$in) to A'4#ro, 52en t2e3 retrne$ to

C#r(e'#s 2ose t2e t2ir$ ti(e #ron$ (i$ni)2t, s2e 'e$

e++, Le;#no, #n$ Ventr# t2ro)2 t2e %e$estri#n )#te t2#t

C#r(e'# 2#$ 'e4t o%en. No5, t2is is 5eir$. e++ 5#s t2e

)#n) 'e#$er 52o $e*i$e$ 52#t t2e3 5ere )oin) to $o. He

$e*i$e$ #n$ 2is 4rien$s #)ree$ 5it2 2i( to )o to C#r(e'#s

2ose #n$ )#n)-r#%e 2er. 23 5o'$ A'4#ro, # 5o(#n, #

str#n)er to e++ +e4ore t2#t ni)2t, #n$ o+vios'3 5it2 no

ro'e to %'#3 in t2e )#n)-r#%e o4 C#r(e'#, 'e#$ 2i( #n$ t2e

ot2ers into 2er 2ose It (#$e no sense. It 5o'$ on'3 (#=e

sense i4 A'4#ro 5#nte$ to 4ei)n +ein) # 5itness to so(et2in)

s2e $i$ not see.

7ive. A'4#ro 5ent ot o4 t2e 2ose to s(o=e #t t2e

)#r$en. A4ter #+ot t5ent3 (intes, # 5o(#n

e&*'#i(e$, #ino yan$On 2e#rin) t2is, A'4#ro i((e$i#te'3

5#'=e$ ot o4 t2e )#r$en #n$ 5ent to 2er *#r. A%%#rent'3,s2e $i$ t2is +e*#se s2e =ne5 t2e3 *#(e on # s'3. So(eone

ot2er t2#n C#r(e'# +e*#(e *ons*ios o4 t2e %resen*e o4

e++ #n$ ot2ers in t2e 2ose. A'4#ro 5#'=e$ #5#3 +e*#se,

o+vios'3, s2e $i$ not 5#nt to )et invo've$ in # %otenti#'

*on4ront#tion. T2is 5#s s%%ose$'3 2er 4r#(e o4 (in$: 4e#r

o4 )ettin) invo've$ in 52#t 5#s not 2er +siness.

!t i4 t2#t 5ere t2e *#se, 2o5 *o'$ s2e testi43 +#se$

on %erson#' =no5'e$)e o4 52#t 5ent on in t2e 2ose A'4#ro

2#$ to *2#n)e t2#t 4r#(e o4 (in$ to one o4 +o'$ness #n$

re*='ess *riosit3. So t2#t is 52#t s2e ne&t *'#i(e$. S2e

5ent +#*= into t2e 2ose to 5#t*2 #s e++ r#%e$ C#r(e'#

on t2e oor o4 t2e (#sters +e$roo(. He 2#$ #%%#rent'3

st#++e$ to $e#t2 C#r(e'#s (o( #n$ 2er 3on) sister

52ose +'oo$ie$ +o$ies 5ere s%r#5'e$ on t2e +e$. No5,

A'4#ro testi@e$ t2#t s2e )ot s*#re$ G#not2er s2i4t to 4e#r 4or

s2e 2rrie$'3 )ot ot o4 t2e 2ose #4ter e++ s%%ose$'3

)#ve 2er # (e#nin)4' 'oo=.

A'4#ro 6i*='3 5ent to 2er *#r, not (in$in)

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18

to t2e(, even to Estr#$#, 2er +o34rien$. S2e entere$ 2er *#r

#n$ trne$ on t2e en)ine +t s2e testi@e$ t2#t s2e $i$ not

=no5 52ere to )o. T2is 5o(#n 52o # 4e5 (intes +#*= 'e$

e++, Le;#no, #n$ Ventr# into t2e 2ose, =no5in) t2#tt2e3 5ere $e*i$e$ to r#%e #n$ 2#r( C#r(e'#, 5#s s$$en'3

too s2o*=e$ to =no5 52ere to )o T2is e(otion#' %en$'(

s5in) in$i*#tes # 5itness 52o 5#s *on4se$ 5it2 2er o5n

'ies.

4. T/' ->>o-'$ )o%%oo%"&o#-

Inten$in) to %rovi$e *orro+or#tion to A'4#ros

testi(on3, t2e %rose*tion %resente$ si& #$$ition#'

5itnesses:

%. P%o->'%o A. C""#""#, t2e N!I Me$i*o-Le)#'

O>*er 52o #to%sie$ t2e +o$ies o4 t2e vi*ti(s, testi@e$ on

t2e st#+ 5on$s t2e3 sst#ine$1B#n$ t2e %resen*e o4

se(en in C#r(e'#s )enit#'i#,18Bin$i*#tin) t2#t s2e 2#$ +een

r#%e$.

No%" E. W/&', J%., 5#s t2e se*rit3 )#r$ on

$t3 #t Piton) D##n S+$ivision 4ro( %.(. o4 Jne 0 to

#.(. o4 Jne /, 1001. He )ot # re%ort on t2e (ornin) o4

Jne / t2#t so(et2in) nto5#r$ 2#%%ene$ #t t2e Vi*on$e

resi$en*e. He 5ent t2ere #n$ s#5 t2e $e#$ +o$ies in t2e

(#sters +e$roo(, t2e +#) on t2e $inin) t#+'e, #s 5e'' #s t2e

'o$ noise e(#n#tin) 4ro( # te'evision set. 1FB

2ite *'#i(e$ t2#t 2e noti*e$ *er, enterin) or e&itin) t2e s+$ivision on t2e e#r'3

(ornin) o4 Jne / 52en 2e s%%ose$'3 *'e#ne$ %

Vi*on$e resi$en*e on e++s or$ers. 2#t is (ore, 2ite

$i$ not noti*e C#r(e'# #rrive 5it2 2er (o( +e4ore A'4#ros
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn16http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn16

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1F

@rst visit t2#t ni)2t. C#r(e'# s%%ose$'3 'e4t 5it2 # (#'e

*o(%#nion in 2er *#r #t #ron$ 1:/ %.(. +t 2ite $i$ not

noti*e it. He #'so $i$ not noti*e C#r(e'# reenter t2e

s+$ivision. 2ite #*t#''3 $is*re$ite$ A'4#ros testi(on3#+ot t2e (ove(ents o4 t2e %ersons invo've$.

7rt2er, 52i'e A'4#ro testi@e$ t2#t it 5#s t2e M#$#

%i*=-% $riven +3 7i'#rt t2#t 'e$ t2e t2ree-ve2i*'e *onvo3,

1B2ite *'#i(e$ it 5#s t2e Niss#n P#tro' 5it2

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1

t2ro)2 # se*ret $oor ne#r t2e (#i$s 6#rters on t2e 5#3

ot. 7in#''3, s2e s#5 e++ #t %.(. o4 t2e s#(e $#3. 10B

On *ross-e(in#tion, 2o5ever,

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1

T2e se*rit3 )#r$ #t Piton) D##n $i$ not noti*e #n3

%o'i*e investi)#tor #s2in) # +#$)e to )et into t2e vi''#)e

#'t2o)2 !ion) s%%ose$'3 *#(e in #t t2e n2o'3 2or o4

t5o in t2e (ornin). His $e%#rtre +e4ore #.(. #'sore(#ine$ nnoti*e$ +3 t2e s+$ivision )#r$s. !esi$es, i4 2e

2#$ *'e#ne$ % t2e *ri(e s*ene s2ort'3 #4ter (i$ni)2t, 52#t

5#s t2e %oint o4 2is retrnin) t2ere on t2e 4o''o5in) (ornin)

to $is%ose o4 so(e o4 t2e evi$en*e in t2e %resen*e o4 ot2er

%o'i*e investi)#tors #n$ on-'oo=ers In 4#*t, 523 5o'$ 2e

ste#' v#'#+'e ite(s 4ro( t2e Vi*on$e resi$en*e on 2is

retrn t2ere 2ors '#ter i4 2e 2#$ t2e o%%ortnit3 to $o it

e#r'ier

At (ost, !irrers testi(on3 on'3 est#+'is2e$ !ion)s

t2e4t o4 *ert#in ite(s 4ro( t2e Vi*on$e resi$en*e #n$ )ross

ne)'e*t 4or 4#i'in) to (#int#in t2e s#n*tit3 o4 t2e *ri(e

s*ene +3 (ovin) #ron$ #n$ #'terin) t2e e9e*ts o4 t2e

*ri(e. !irrers testi(on3 4#i'e$ to *onne*t !ion)?s #*ts to

e++ #n$ t2e ot2er #**se$.

L"%o :&;)o#$'testi@e$ #+ot 2o5 $ee%'3 2e 5#s

#9e*te$ +3 t2e 'oss o4 2er 5i4e #n$ t5o $#)2ters. C#r(e''#

s%o=e to 2i( o4 # re;e*te$ sitor s2e *#''e$ !#)3o, +e*#se

2e 5#s # P#r##6e %o'iti*i#ns son. Un4ortn#te'3, L#ro $i$

not #%%e#r *rios eno)2 to insist on @n$in) ot 52o t2e

re;e*te$ 4e''o5 5#s. !esi$es, 2is testi(on3 *ontr#$i*ts t2#t

o4 A'4#ro 52o testi@e$ t2#t C#r(e'# #n$ e++ 2#$ #n on-

)oin) re'#tion. In$ee$, i4 A'4#ro 5ere to +e +e'ieve$, C#r(e'#

5#nte$ e++ to *o(e to 2er 2ose #ron$ (i$ni)2t. S2e

even 'e4t t2e =it*2en $oor o%en so 2e *o'$ enter t2e 2ose.

. T/' &--+ )o%%oo%"&o#

T2ere is so(et2in) tr'3 re(#r=#+'e #+ot t2is *#se:

t2e %rose*tions *ore t2eor3 t2#t C#r(e'# #n$ e++ 2#$

+een s5eet2e#rts, t2#t s2e 2#$ +een n4#it24' to 2i(, #n$

t2#t it 5#s 4or t2is re#son t2#t e++ +ro)2t 2is 4rien$s to

2er 2ose to )#n)-r#%e 2er is tot#''3 n*orro+or#te$

7or inst#n*e, nor(#''3, i4 e++, # Con)ress(#ns son,

*orte$ t2e 3on) C#r(e'#, t2#t 5o'$ +e ne5s #(on) 2er

*ir*'e o4 4rien$s i4 not #ron$ to5n. !t, 2ere, none o4 2er

4rien$s or even t2ose 52o =ne5 eit2er o4 t2e( *#(e

4or5#r$ to #>r( t2is. An$ i4 e++ 2#n)e$ #ron$ 5it2 2er,

tr3in) to 5in 2er 4#vors, 2e 5o'$ sre'3 +e seen 5it2

2er.An$ t2is 5o'$ #'' t2e (ore +e so i4 t2e3 2#$ +e*o(e

s5eet2e#rts, # re'#tion t2#t A'4#ro trie$ to %ro;e*t 5it2 2er

testi(on3.

!t, e&*e%t 4or A'4#ro, t2e N!I #sset, no one #(on)

C#r(e'#s 4rien$s or 2er 4rien$s 4rien$s 5o'$ testi43 ever

2e#rin) o4 s*2 re'#tions2i% or ever seein) t2e( to)et2er in

so(e %o%'#r 2#n)ots in P#r##6e or M#=#ti. A'4#ros *'#i(

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o4 # @ve-2or $r#(# is 'i=e #n #'ien %#)e, r$e'3 #n$

n*onne*te$'3 inserte$ into e++ #n$ C#r(e'#s 'i4e stories

or 'i=e # %ie*e o4 ;i)s#5 %'e tri((e$ to @t into t2e s2#%e

on t2e +o#r$ +t $oes not +e'on) +e*#se it *'#s2es 5it2t2e srron$in) %ie*es. It 2#s neit2er #nte*e$ent nor

*on*o(it#nt s%%ort in t2e veri@#+'e 4#*ts o4 t2eir %erson#'

2istories. It is 6ite nre#'.

2#t is (ore, A'4#ro testi@e$ t2#t s2e s#5 C#r(e'#

$rive ot o4 2er 2ose 5it2 # (#'e %#ssen)er, Mr. , 52o(

A'4#ro t2o)2t t2e 5#3 it 'oo=e$ 5#s #'so C#r(e'#s

'over.T2is 5#s t2e #''-i(%ort#nt re#son e++ s%%ose$'3

2#$ 4or 5#ntin) to 2#r( 2er. A)#in, none o4 C#r(e'#s

re'#tives, 4rien$s, or %eo%'e 52o =ne5 2er ever testi@e$

#+ot t2e e&isten*e o4 Mr. in 2er 'i4e. No+o$3 2#s *o(e

4or5#r$ to testi43 2#vin) ever seen 2i( 5it2 C#r(e'#. An$

$es%ite t2e )reso(e ne5s #+ot 2er $e#t2 #n$ 2o5 Mr.

2#$ %'#3e$ # ro'e in it, 2e never %resente$ 2i(se'4 'i=e

#n3one 52o 2#$ 'ost # s%e*i#' 4rien$ nor(#''3

5o'$. O+vios'3, Mr. $i$ not e&ist, # (ere )2ost o4 t2e

i(#)in#tion o4 A'4#ro, t2e 5o(#n 52o (#$e # 'ivin)

in4or(in) on *ri(in#'s.

W'- U.S. A&&

A(on) t2e #**se$, e++ %resente$ t2e stron)est

#'i+i.

". T/' %"2' >%'>"%"&o#-

e++ *'#i(s t2#t in 1001 2is %#rents, Sen#tor

7re$$ie e++ #n$ 2is 5i4e, E'i#+et2, sent t2eir son to t2e

Unite$ St#tes GU.S. to 'e#rn t2e v#'e o4 in$e%en$en*e,

2#r$ 5or=, #n$ (one3.B

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T2e 4o''o5in) $#3, M#r*2 0, 1001, e++ 'e4t 4or S#n

7r#n*is*o, C#'i4orni#, 5it2 2is Ant *er, 7er$in#n$ S#(%o' *2e*=e$

e++s vis#, st#(%e$, #n$ initi#'e$ 2is %#ss%ort, #n$ 'et 2i(

%#ss t2ro)2.FBHe 5#s 'iste$ on t2e Unite$ Air'ines 7'i)2ts

P#ssen)er M#ni4est.B

On #rriv#' #t S#n 7r#n*is*o, e++ 5ent t2ro)2 t2e

U.S. I((i)r#tion 52ere 2is entr3 into t2#t *ontr3 5#s

re*or$e$. T2s, t2e U.S. I((i)r#tion N#tr#'i#tion Servi*e,

*2e*=in) 5it2 its Non-i((i)r#nt In4or(#tion S3ste(,

*on@r(e$ e++?s entr3 into t2e U.S. on M#r*2 0,

1001. e++ %resente$ #t t2e tri#' t2e INS Certi@*#tion

isse$ +3 t2e U.S. I((i)r#tion #n$ N#tr#'i#tion Servi*e,

Bt2e *o(%ter-)ener#te$ %rint-ot o4 t2e US-INS

in$i*#tin) e++?s entr3 on M#r*2 0, 1001, 0B#n$ t2e US-INS

Certi@*#tion $#te$ A)st /1, 1008, #t2enti*#te$ +3 t2e

P2i'i%%ine De%#rt(ent o4 7orei)n A9#irs, *orre*tin) #n

e#r'ier A)st 1, 1008 Certi@*#tion./B

). '"&- o( U.S. -oo%#

In S#n 7r#n*is*o, e++ #n$ 2is #nt

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1

t2e *o(%#n3 o4 2is 4#t2er #n$ Ar#)on 5ent

to Riversi$e, C#'i4orni#, to 'oo= 4or # *#r.T2e3 +o)2t #n

MR To3ot# *#r.1BL#ter t2#t $#3, # visitor #t t2e !rott(#ns,

Lois 2itt#*=er, s#5 e++ 'oo=in) #t t2e %'#tes o4 2is ne5*#r.BTo %rove t2e %r*2#se, e++ %resente$ t2e P+'i*

Re*or$s o4 C#'i4orni# De%#rt(ent o4 Motor Ve2i*'e /B#n$ #

*#r %'#te LE E!!.BIn sin) t2e *#r in t2e U.S., e++

even re*eive$ tr#>* *it#tions.8B

On Jne /, 1001 e++, #)#in #**o(%#nie$ +3 2is

4#t2er #n$ Ar#)on,FB+o)2t # +i*3*'e

#t Or#n)e C3*'e Center.BT2e Center isse$ e++ # re*ei%t

$#te$ Jne /, 1001.BOn J'3 , 1001, In$e%en$en*e D#3,

t2e e++s, t2e !rott(#ns, #n$ t2e V#*# 4#(i'3 2#$ #

'#=esi$e %i*ni*.0B

e++ st#3e$ 5it2 t2e !rott(#ns nti' (i$ J'3 #n$

rente$ # %'#*e 4or 'ess t2#n # (ont2. On A)st , 1001 2e

'e4t 4or Lon)5oo$, 7'ori$#, to st#3 5it2 t2e s%oses J#*= #n$

Son;# Ro$ri)e.8BT2ere, 2e (et Ar(#n$o Ro$ri)e 5it2

52o( 2e s%ent ti(e, %'#3in) +#s=et+#'' on 5ee=en$s,

5#t*2in) (ovies, #n$ %'#3in) +i''i#r$s.81BIn Nove(+er

1001, e++ (et %er4or(in) #rtist

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'. A&& 2'%-- >o-&&2' &$'#&)"&o#

T2e tri#' *ort #n$ t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s #re one inre;e*tin) #s 5e#= e++s #'i+i. T2eir re#son is ni4or(:

e++s #'i+i *#nnot st#n$ #)#inst A'4#ros %ositive

i$enti@*#tion o4 2i( #s t2e r#%ist #n$ =i''er o4 C#r(e'# #n$,

#%%#rent'3, t2e =i''er #s 5e'' o4 2er (ot2er #n$ 3on)er

sister. !e*#se o4 t2is, to t2e 'o5er *orts, e++s $eni#' #n$

#'i+i 5ere 4#+ri*#te$.

!t not #'' $eni#'s #n$ #'i+is s2o'$ +e re)#r$e$ #s

4#+ri*#te$. In$ee$, i4 t2e #**se$ is tr'3 inno*ent, 2e *#n

2#ve no ot2er $e4ense +t $eni#' #n$ #'i+i. So 2o5 *#n s*2

#**se$ %enetr#te # (in$ t2#t 2#s +een (#$e *3ni*#' +3

t2e r'e $ri''e$ into 2is 2e#$ t2#t # $e4ense o4 #'i+i is #

2#n)(#ns noose in t2e 4#*e o4 # 5itness %ositive'3

s5e#rin), I s#5 2i( $o it. Most ;$)es +e'ieve t2#t s*2

#ssertion #to(#ti*#''3 $oo(s #n #'i+i 52i*2 is so e#s3 to

4#+ri*#te. T2is 6i*= stereot3%e t2in=in), 2o5ever, is

$istressin). 7or 2o5 e'se *#n t2e trt2 t2#t t2e #**se$ is

re#''3 inno*ent 2#ve #n3 *2#n*e o4 %rev#i'in) over s*2 #

stone-*#st tenet

T2ere is on'3 one 5#3. A ;$)e (st =ee% #n o%en

(in$. He (st )#r$ #)#inst s'i%%in) into 2#st3 *on*'sion,

o4ten #risin) 4ro( # $esire to 6i*='3 @nis2 t2e ;o+ o4

$e*i$in) # *#se. A %ositive $e*'#r#tion 4ro( # 5itness t2#t

2e s#5 t2e #**se$ *o((it t2e *ri(e s2o'$ not

#to(#ti*#''3 *#n*e' ot t2e #**se$s *'#i( t2#t 2e $i$ not$o it. A '3in) 5itness *#n (#=e #s %ositive #n i$enti@*#tion

#s # trt24' 5itness *#n. T2e '3in) 5itness *#n #'so s#3 #s

4ort2ri)2t'3 #n$ ne6ivo*#''3, He $i$ it 5it2ot +'in=in) #n

e3e.

R#t2er, to +e #**e%t#+'e, t2e %ositive i$enti@*#tion

(st (eet #t 'e#st t5o *riteri#:

7irst, t2e %ositive i$enti@*#tion o4 t2e o9en$er (st

*o(e 4ro( # *re$i+'e 5itness. S2e is *re$i+'e 52o *#n +e

trste$ to te'' t2e trt2, s#''3 +#se$ on %#st e&%erien*es

5it2 2er. Her 5or$ 2#s, to one 52o =no5s 2er, its 5ei)2t in

)o'$.

An$ se*on$, t2e 5itness stor3 o4 52#t s2e %erson#''3

s#5 (st +e +e'iev#+'e, not in2erent'3 *ontrive$. A 5itness

52o testi@es #+ot so(et2in) s2e never s#5 rns into

in*onsisten*ies #n$ (#=es +e5i'$erin) *'#i(s.

Here, #s #'re#$3 4''3 $is*sse$ #+ove, A'4#ro #n$ 2er

testi(on3 4#i' to (eet t2e #+ove *riteri#.

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/

S2e $i$ not s2o5 % #t t2e N!I #s # s%ont#neos

5itness +ot2ere$ +3 2er *ons*ien*e. S2e 2#$ +een 2#n)in)

#ron$ t2#t #)en*3 4or so(eti(e #s # stoo' %i)eon, one

%#i$ 4or (i&in) % 5it2 *ri(in#'s #n$ s6e#'in) ont2e(. Po'i*e #ssets #re o4ten *ri(in#'s t2e(se'ves. S2e 5#s

t2e %rose*tions 5orst %ossi+'e *2oi*e 4or # 5itness. In$ee$,

2er s%erior testi@e$ t2#t s2e vo'nteere$ to %'#3 t2e ro'e o4

# 5itness in t2e Vi*on$e =i''in)s 52en s2e *o'$ not

%ro$*e # (#n s2e %ro(ise$ to t2e N!I.

An$, #'t2o)2 2er testi(on3 in*'$e$ $et#i's, A'4#ro

2#$ %rior #**ess to t2e $et#i's t2#t t2e investi)#tors =ne5 o4

t2e *#se. S2e too= #$v#nt#)e o4 2er 4#(i'i#rit3 5it2 t2ese

$et#i's to in*'$e in 2er testi(on3 t2e *'e#r'3 in*o(%#ti+'e

#*t o4 e++ 2r'in) # stone #t t2e 4ront $oor )'#ss 4r#(es

even 52en t2e3 5ere tr3in) to s'i% #5#3 6iet'3;st so s2e

*#n #**o((o$#te t2is *ri(e s*ene 4e#tre. S2e #'so

2#$ Ventr# r((#)in) # +#) on t2e $inin) t#+'e 4or # 4ront

$oor =e3 t2#t no+o$3 nee$e$ ;st to e&%'#in t2e %23si*#'

evi$en*e o4 t2#t +#) #n$ its s*#ttere$ *ontents. An$ s2e

2#$ Ventr# *'i(+in) t2e *#rs 2oo$, ris=in) +ein) seen in

s*2 #n #5=5#r$ %osition, 52en t2e3 $i$ not nee$ to $#r=en

t2e )#r#)e to 4or*e o%en t2e 4ront $oor;st so to e&%'#in t2e

$#r=ene$ 'i)2t #n$ 4oot %rints on t2e *#r 2oo$.

7rt2er, 2er testi(on3 5#s in2erent'3 in*re$i+'e. Her

stor3 t2#t

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*#nnot +e t2e %ositive i$enti@*#tion t2#t ;ris%r$en*e

#*=no5'e$)es #s s>*ient to ;ettison # $eni#' #n$ #n #'i+i.

(. A $o)'#'$ "&&

To est#+'is2 #'i+i, t2e #**se$ (st %rove +3

%ositive, *'e#r, #n$ s#tis4#*tor3 evi$en*e8Bt2#t G# 2e 5#s

%resent #t #not2er %'#*e #t t2e ti(e o4 t2e %er%etr#tion o4

t2e *ri(e, #n$ G+ t2#t it 5#s %23si*#''3 i(%ossi+'e 4or 2i(

to +e #t t2e s*ene o4 t2e *ri(e.8B

T2e *orts +e'o5 2e'$ t2#t, $es%ite 2is evi$en*e,

e++ 5#s #*t#''3 in P#r##6e 52en t2e Vi*on$e =i''in)s

too= %'#*e 2e 5#s not in t2e U.S. 4ro( M#r*2 0, 1001 to

O*to+er , 100 #n$ i4 2e $i$ 'e#ve on M#r*2 0, 1001, 2e

#*t#''3 retrne$ +e4ore Jne 0, 1001, *o((itte$ t2e

*ri(e, er#se$ t2e 4#*t o4 2is retrn to t2e P2i'i%%ines 4ro(

t2e re*or$s o4 t2e U.S. #n$ P2i'i%%ine I((i)r#tions,

s())'e$ 2i(se'4 ot o4 t2e P2i'i%%ines #n$ into t2e U.S.,

#n$ retrne$ t2e nor(#' 5#3 on O*to+er , 100. !t t2is

r'in) %r#*ti*#''3 (#=es t2e $e#t2 o4 e++ #n$ 2is %#ss#)e

into t2e ne&t 'i4e t2e on'3 #**e%t#+'e #'i+i in

t2e P2i'i%%ines. Corts (st #+#n$on t2is n;st #n$

in2(#n %#r#$i)(.

I4 one is *3ni*#' #+ot t2e P2i'i%%ine s3ste(, 2e *o'$

%ro+#+'3 *'#i( t2#t e++, 5it2 2is 4#t2ers *onne*tions, *#n

#rr#n)e 4or t2e 'o*#' i((i)r#tion to %t # M#r*2 0, 1001

$e%#rtre st#(% on 2is %#ss%ort #n$ #n O*to+er , 100#rriv#' st#(% on t2e s#(e. !t t2is is %re s%e*'#tion sin*e

t2ere 2#$ +een no in$i*#tion t2#t s*2 #rr#n)e(ent 5#s

(#$e. !esi$es, 2o5 *o'$ e++ @& # 4orei)n #ir'ines

%#ssen)er (#ni4est, o>*i#''3 @'e$ in t2e P2i'i%%ines #n$ #t

t2e #ir%ort in t2e U.S. t2#t 2#$ 2is n#(e on t2e( Ho5

*o'$ e++ @& 5it2 t2e U.S. I((i)r#tions re*or$ s3ste(

t2ose t5o $#tes in its re*or$ o4 2is tr#ve's #s 5e'' #s t2e

$#tes 52en 2e s%%ose$'3 $e%#rte$ in se*ret 4ro(

t2e U.S. to *o((it t2e *ri(e in t2e P2i'i%%ines #n$ t2en

retrn t2ere No one 2#s *o(e % 5it2 # 'o)i*#' #n$

%'#si+'e #ns5er to t2ese 6estions.

T2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s re;e*te$ t2e evi$en*e o4 e++s

%#ss%ort sin*e 2e $i$ not 'e#ve t2e ori)in#' to +e #tt#*2e$

to t2e re*or$. !t, 52i'e t2e +est evi$en*e o4 # $o*(ent is

t2e ori)in#', t2is (e#ns t2#t t2e s#(e is e&2i+ite$ in *ort

4or t2e #$verse %#rt3 to e(ine #n$ 4or t2e ;$)e to

see. As Cort o4 A%%e#'s Jsti*e T#)'e s#i$ in 2is $issent,

80Bt2e %r#*ti*e 52en # %#rt3 $oes not 5#nt to 'e#ve #n

i(%ort#nt $o*(ent 5it2 t2e tri#' *ort is to 2#ve #

%2oto*o%3 o4 it (#r=e$ #s e&2i+it #n$ sti%'#te$ #(on) t2e

%#rties #s # 4#it24' re%ro$*tion o4 t2e ori)in#'. Sti%'#tions
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn57http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn57http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/december2010/176389.htm#_ftn59

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8

in t2e *orse o4 tri#' #re +in$in) on t2e %#rties #n$ on t2e

*ort.

T2e U.S. I((i)r#tion *erti@*#tion #n$ t2e *o(%ter%rint-ot o4 e++s #rriv#' in #n$ $e%#rtre 4ro( t2#t

*ontr3 5ere #t2enti*#te$ +3 no 'ess t2#n t2e O>*e o4 t2e

U.S. Attorne3 *i#' re*or$ o4 tr#ve's o4 t2e *itien to 52o( it is

isse$. T2e entries in t2#t %#ss%ort #re %res(e$ tre. FB

T2e U.S. I((i)r#tion *erti@*#tion #n$ *o(%ter

%rint-ot, t2e o>*i#' *erti@*#tions o4 52i*2 2#ve +een

#t2enti*#te$ +3 t2e P2i'i%%ine De%#rt(ent o4 7orei)n

A9#irs, (ere'3 v#'i$#te$ t2e #rriv#' #n$ $e%#rtre st#(%s o4

t2e U.S. I((i)r#tion o>*e on e++s %#ss%ort. T2e3 2#ve

t2e s#(e evi$enti#r3 v#'e. T2e o>*ers 52o isse$ t2ese

*erti@*#tions nee$ not +e %resente$ in *ort to testi43 on

t2e(. T2eir trst5ort2iness #rises 4ro( t2e sense o4 o>*i#'

$t3 #n$ t2e %en#'t3 #tt#*2e$ to # +re#*2e$ $t3, in t2e

rotine #n$ $isintereste$ ori)in o4 s*2 st#te(ent #n$ in t2e

%+'i*it3 o4 t2e re*or$.F1B

T2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s o4 *orse (#=es *#%it#' o4 t2e

4#*t t2#t #n e#r'ier *erti@*#tion 4ro( t2e U.S. I((i)r#tion

o>*e s#i$ t2#t it 2#$ no re*or$ o4 e++ enterin)t2e U.S.!t t2#t erroneos @rst *erti@*#tion 5#s #(%'3

e&%'#ine$ +3 t2e U.S. o"&) )/"##'- "#$ "-o"'$ 2&o"&o# o( /' %'- o#>%oo)o "#$ -"#$"%$ >%o)'$%'+o2'%#+ -)/ %'0'-.

T/' &&" %'0'- "- '%'

&&"'$ BI Co&--&o#'% :'%)''-

/o $&%') )o#&)"'$ &/ /'P/&&>>' Co#-"' S"#F%"#)&-)o, USA, >"--+ /' S')%'"%o( Fo%'&+# A"&%- /&)/ &- /' >%o>'%>%oo)o >%o)'$%'. M%. S'2'# B)/'%,/' ")+ C/&'( o( /' R')o%$- S'%2&)'-Bo"%$ o( USINS W"-/+o# .C. /&-''% "$$%'--'$ o P/&&> A#'&'%,P/&&>>' '-* O)'%, S"''>"%'#, $')"%'$ /' '"%&'%
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F

C'%&)"&o# "- )o%%') "#$ '%%o#'o-"- & "- #o '=/"-&2' "#$ $&$ #o%'') " "2"&"' (o%"&o#. A-o,R&)/"%$ L. H, Co&%')o% o( /' O)'o( I#(o%"&o# "#$ >%&2"), US'>"%'# o( J-&)', %'->o#-' o /'">>'" %"&-'$ Co#- G'#'%" T'%'-&":. M"%;"#, '=>"'$ /" /' INS#o%" $o'- #o "" %')o%$- o#$&2&$"- /o "%' '#'%+ /' )o#%"- 2&-&o%- %"/'% /"# "- &&+%"#-"#$ /" " #o"&o# )o#)'%#+ /' '#%o( " 2&-&o% " ' "$' " /'No#&&+%"# I#(o%"&o# --'. S)'">>'"# W' '#'%'$ /' U.S. o# "'%' o%&- 2&-", o2&o-, /' &&"-'"%)/ )o$ #o /"2' >%o$)'$ /'$'-&%'$ %'- "-)/ "- /' $"" "-'/" "- oo*'$ o )o#"'$ '#%&'- o(/' #"'- o( IMMIGRANTS "#$ #o /"o( NONIMMIGRANT 2&-&o%- o( /' U.S..FB

T2e tri#' *ort #n$ t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s e&%resse$

(#r=e$ *3ni*is( over t2e #**r#*3 o4 tr#ve' $o*(ents 'i=e

t2e %#ss%ort #s 5e'' #s t2e $o(esti* #n$ 4orei)n re*or$s o4

$e%#rtres #n$ #rriv#'s 4ro( #ir%orts. T2e3 *'#i( t2#t it5o'$ not 2#ve +een i(%ossi+'e 4or e++ to se*ret'3 retrn

to t2e P2i'i%%ines #4ter 2e s%%ose$'3 'e4t it on M#r*2 0,

1001, *o((it t2e *ri(e, )o +#*= to t2e U.S., #n$ o%en'3

retrn to t2e P2i'i%%ines #)#in on O*to+er F, 100. Tr#ve'

+et5een t2e U.S. #n$ t2e P2i'i%%ines, s#i$ t2e 'o5er *orts

too= on'3 #+ot t5e've to 4orteen 2ors.

I4 t2e Cort 5ere to s+s*ri+e to t2is e&tre(e'3

s=e%ti*#' vie5, it (i)2t #s 5e'' te#r t2e r'es o4 evi$en*e ot

o4 t2e '#5 +oo=s #n$ re)#r$ ss%i*ions, sr(ises, ors%e*'#tions #s re#sons 4or i(%e#*2in) evi$en*e. It is not

t2#t o>*i#' re*or$s, 52i*2 *#rr3 t2e %res(%tion o4 trt2 o4

52#t t2e3 st#te, #re i((ne to #tt#*=. T2e3 #re not. T2#t

%res(%tion *#n +e over*o(e +3 evi$en*e. Here, 2o5ever,

t2e %rose*tion $i$ not +ot2er to %resent evi$en*e to

i(%e#*2 t2e entries in e++s %#ss%ort #n$ t2e *erti@*#tions

o4 t2e P2i'i%%ine #n$ U.S. i((i)r#tion servi*es re)#r$in) 2is

tr#ve' to t2e U.S. #n$ +#*=. T2e %rose*tions re+tt#'

evi$en*e is t2e 4e#r o4 t2e n=no5n t2#t it %'#nte$ in t2e

'o5er *orts (in$s.

7. E') o( W'- "&& o o/'%-

e++s $o*(ente$ #'i+i #'to)et2er i(%e#*2es

A'4#ro?s testi(on3, not on'3 5it2 res%e*t to 2i(, +t #'so

5it2 res%e*t to Le;#no, Estr#$#, 7ern#n$e,

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CONCLUSION

In or *ri(in#' ;sti*e s3ste(, 52#t is i(%ort#nt is,

not 52et2er t2e *ort entert#ins $o+ts #+ot t2einno*en*e o4 t2e #**se$ sin*e #n o%en (in$ is 5i''in) to

e&%'ore #'' %ossi+i'ities, +t 52et2er it entert#ins #

re#son#+'e, 'in)erin) $o+t #s to 2is )i't. 7or, it 5o'$ +e #

serios (ist#=e to sen$ #n inno*ent (#n to ;#i' 52ere s*2

=in$ o4 $o+t 2#n)s on to ones inner +ein), 'i=e # %ie*e o4

(e#t 'o$)e$ i((ov#+'e +et5een teet2.

i'' t2e Cort sen$ t2e #**se$ to s%en$ t2e rest o4

t2eir 'ives in %rison on t2e testi(on3 o4 #n N!I #sset 52o

%ro%ose$ to 2er 2#n$'ers t2#t s2e t#=e t2e ro'e o4 t2e

5itness to t2e Vi*on$e (#ss#*re t2#t s2e *o'$ not

%ro$*e

WHEREFORE, t2e Cort RE:ERSES#n$ SETS

ASIEt2e De*ision $#te$ De*e(+er 18, 8 #n$

Reso'tion $#te$ J#n#r3 F, o4 t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s in

CA-

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- verss -

LAN BAN5 OF THE PHILIPPINES ?LBPD,

"- %'>%'-'#'$ &- M"#"+'%, LAN

:ALUATION OFFICE OF LBP COTABATO

CITYK THE REGIONAL IRECTOR REGION

1@ OF COTABATO CITY, THE SECRETARY

OF THE EPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN

REFORMK THE REGIONAL IRECTOR OF

REGION CAGAYAN E ORO CITY,

%'>%'-'#'$ MCMILLAN LUCMAN, /&- )">")& "- P%o2)&" A+%"%&"#

R'(o% O)'% ?PAROD o( AR L"#"o $'

No%'K LI!A BALBERONA, /'% )">")&

"- AR M#&)&>" A+%"%&"# R'(o%

O)'% ?MARODK REYNALO BAGUIO,

/&- )">")& "- /' R'+&-'% o( ''$- o(

I&+"# C& "- #o" >"%K /'

'"#)&>"&o# >"'# /o$'%- FELIPE .

MANREAL, CUSTUIO M. RICO, HEIRS OF

OMINGO :. RICO, HEIRS OF ABON T.

MANREAL, MACARIO M. :ELORIA, ALICIA

B. MANREAL, PABLO RICO, SAL:ACION

MANREAL, HEIRS OF TRANUILIANA

MANREAL, HEIRS OF ANGELA :ELORIA,

HEIRS OF NECIFURO CABALUNA, HEIRS

OF CLEMENTE RICO, HEIRS OF

MANTILLANO OBISO, HEIRS OF

HERCULANO BALORIO, "#$ TITO BALER,

Present:

CORONA, C.J., C2#ir%erson,

VELASCO, JR.,

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,

DEL CASTILLO, #n$

PERE",JJ.

Res%on$ents.

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0

Pro(')#te$:

Jne , 11

&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&

E C I S I O N

:ELASCO, JR.,J.

T2e C#se

!e4ore Us is # Petition 4or Revie5 on Certior#ri n$er

R'e 8 see=in) to reverse #n$ set #si$e t2e O*to+er ,

Reso'tion1Bo4 t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s GCA #n$ its

Se%te(+er 1/, 8 Reso'tionB$en3in) %etitioners (otion

4or re*onsi$er#tion.

T2e 7#*ts

T2e s%oses

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Noe' GNoe' 5#s #%%ointe$ #s t2e re)'#r #$(inistr#tor o4

t2e ;oint est#te.B

On A%ri' /, 10F/, Noe', #s t2e #$(inistr#tor o4 t2e

intest#te est#te o4 t2e $e*e#se$ s%oses, @'e$ +e4ore t2e

Cort o4 7irst Inst#n*e, !r#n*2 II, L#n#o $e' Norte #n #*tion

#)#inst De'este 4or t2e reversion o4 tit'e over t2e s+;e*t

%ro%ert3, $o*=ete$ #s Civi' C#se No. F0.0BS#i$ *#se 5ent

% to t2is Cort in 'oel v. CA, 52ere e ren$ere$ #

De*ision1Bon J#n#r3 11, 1008, #>r(in) t2e r'in) o4 t2e

CA t2#t t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3 5#s t2e *on;)#' %ro%ert3 o4

t2e '#te s%oses

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s+(itte$ to t2e L!P 52i*2 isse$ # Me(or#n$( o4

V#'#tion #n$ # Certi@*#te o4 C#s2 De%osit on M#3 1, 1

#n$ Se%te(+er 1, 1, res%e*tive'3. T2ere#4ter,

E(#n*i%#tion P#tents GEPs #n$ Ori)in#' Certi@*#tes o4 Tit'e

GOCTs 5ere isse$ on A)st 1, 1 #n$ O*to+er 1, 1,

res%e*tive'3, in 4#vor o4 %riv#te res%on$ents over t2eir

res%e*tive %ortions o4 Lot No. 1.10B

Me#n52i'e, on Nove(+er , 1000, t2e Cit3

o4 I'i)#n @'e$ # *o(%'#int 5it2 t2e Re)ion#' Tri#' Cort GRTC,

!r#n*2 in I'i)#n Cit3 4or t2e e&%ro%ri#tion o4 # 8.FF-

2e*t#re %ortion o4 Lot No. 1, $o*=ete$ #s S%e*i#' Civi'

A*tion No. 00. On De*e(+er 11, , t2e RTC isse$ #

De*ision )r#ntin) t2e e&%ro%ri#tion. Consi$erin) t2#t t2e

re#' o5ner o4 t2e e&%ro%ri#te$ %ortion *o'$ not +e

$eter(ine$, #s t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3 2#$ not 3et +een

%#rtitione$ #n$ $istri+te$ to #n3 o4 t2e 2eirs o4

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S+se6ent'3, t2e DARA!, in DARA! C#se No. 1F,

reverse$ t2e r'in) o4 t2e PARAD in its De*ision8B$#te$

M#r*2 18, . It 2e'$, #(on) ot2ers, t2#t t2e EPs 5ere

v#'i$ #s it 5#s t2e 2eirs o4 De'este 52o s2o'$ 2#ve

in4or(e$ t2e DAR o4 t2e %en$en*3 o4 Civi' C#se No. F0 #t

t2e ti(e t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3 5#s %'#*e$ n$er t2e

*over#)e o4 t2e OLT Pro)r#( *onsi$erin) t2#t DAR 5#s not

# %#rt3 to t2e s#i$ *#se. 7rt2er, it st#te$ t2#t t2e re*or$ is

+ere4t o4 #n3 evi$en*e t2#t t2e *it3 or$in#n*e 2#s +een

#%%rove$ +3 t2e Hosin) #n$ L#n$ Use Re)'#tor3 !o#r$

GHLUR!, #s (#n$#te$ +3 DAR A$(inistr#tive Or$er No. 1,

Series o4 100, #n$ 2e'$ t2#t 52et2er t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3

is in$ee$ e&e(%t 4ro( t2e OLT Pro)r#( is #n #$(inistr#tive

$eter(in#tion, t2e ;ris$i*tion o4 52i*2 'ies e&*'sive'3 5it2

t2e DAR Se*ret#r3 or t2e '#tters #t2orie$ re%resent#tive.

Petitioners (otion 4or re*onsi$er#tion 5#s 'i=e5ise $enie$

+3 t2e DARA! in its Reso'tionFB$#te$ J'3 , .

Un$#nte$, %etitioners @'e$ # %etition 4or revie5 5it2

t2e CA, $o*=ete$ #s CA-*ient'3 #n3 reversi+'e error in t2e #ss#i'e$

;$)(ent to 5#rr#nt t2e e&er*ise +3 t2e Cort o4 its

$is*retion#r3 #%%e''#te ;ris$i*tion in t2is *#se.

On M#r*2 10, , %etitioners @'e$ # Motion 4or

Re*onsi$er#tion.BOn A%ri' 11, , t2e3 #'so @'e$ #

S%%'e(ent to t2e Motion 4or Re*onsi$er#tion.0B

In Or Reso'tion/B$#te$ A)st , , t2is

Cort reso've$ to )r#nt %etitioners (otion 4or

re*onsi$er#tion #n$ )ive $e *orse to t2e %etition,

re6irin) t2e %#rties to s+(it t2eir res%e*tive (e(or#n$#.
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn25http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn26http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn27http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn28http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn29http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn30http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn25http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn26http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn27http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn28http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn29http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn30

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//

T2e Isses

I. HETHER THE CA AS

CORRECT IN DISMISSIN

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VIOLATION O7 SECTION 1FGE O7 R.A.

FF8 ./1B

Or R'in)

T2e %etition is (eritorios.

E') o( #o#)o>&"#)' &/ /' %'0&%''#-

#$'% S'). 6, R' 43 o( /' R'- o( Co%

In @'in) # %etition 4or revie5 #s #n #%%e#'

4ro( #5#r$s, ;$)(ents, @n#' or$ers, or reso'tions o4 #n3

6#si-;$i*i#' #)en*3 in t2e e&er*ise o4 its 6#si-;$i*i#'

4n*tions, it is re6ire$ n$er Se*. FG*, R'e / o4 t2e R'es

o4 Cort t2#t it +e #**o(%#nie$ +3 # *'e#r'3 'e)i+'e

$%'i*#te ori)in#' or # *erti@e$ tre *o%3 o4 t2e #5#r$,

;$)(ent, @n#' or$er, or reso'tion #%%e#'e$ 4ro(, 5it2

*erti@e$ tre *o%ies o4 s*2 (#teri#' %ortions o4 t2e re*or$

re4erre$ to in t2e %etition #n$ ot2er s%%ortin) %#%ers. As

st#te$:

Se*. F. Contents o the petition.T2e

%etition 4or revie5 s2#'' G# st#te t2e 4''

n#(es o4 t2e %#rties to t2e *#se, 5it2ot

i(%'e#$in) t2e *ort or #)en*ies eit2er #s

%etitioners or res%on$ents G+ *ont#in #

*on*ise st#te(ent o4 t2e 4#*ts #n$ issesinvo've$ #n$ t2e )ron$s re'ie$ %on 4or t2e

revie5 G* ' "))o>"#&'$ " )'"%

'+&' $>&)"' o%&+" o% " )'%&'$

%' )o> o( /' ""%$, $+'#, #"

o%$'% o% %'-o&o# ">>'"'$ (%o,

o+'/'% &/ )'%&'$ %' )o>&'- o(

-)/ "'%&" >o%&o#- o( /' %')o%$

%'('%%'$ o /'%' "#$ o/'% ->>o%+

>">'%- #n$ G$ *ont#in # s5orn *erti@*#tion

#)#inst 4or( s2o%%in) #s %rovi$e$ in t2e '#st%#r#)r#%2 o4 se*tion , R'e . T2e %etition

s2#'' st#te t2e s%e*i@* (#teri#' $#tes s2o5in)

t2#t it 5#s @'e$ 5it2in t2e %erio$ @&e$ 2erein.

GE(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

Non-*o(%'i#n*e 5it2 #n3 o4 t2e #+ove-(entione$

re6ire(ents *on*ernin) t2e *ontents o4 t2e %etition, #s

5e'' #s t2e $o*(ents t2#t s2o'$ #**o(%#n3 t2e %etition,

s2#'' +e s>*ient )ron$ 4or its $is(iss#' #s st#te$ in Se*.

, R'e / o4 t2e R'es:
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn31http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn31

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Se*. . ()e&t o ailure to &omply "ith

re*uirements.T2e 4#i're o4 t2e %etitioner to

*o(%'3 5it2 #n3 o4 t2e 4ore)oin)

re6ire(ents re)#r$in) t2e %#3(ent o4 t2e

$o*=et #n$ ot2er '#54' 4ees, t2e $e%osit 4or

*osts, %roo4 o4 servi*e o4 t2e %etition, #n$ /')o#'#- o( "#$ /' $o)'#- /&)/

-/o$ "))o>"# /' >'&&o#s2#''

+e -)&'# +%o#$ (o% /' $&-&--"

/'%'o(. GE(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

In t2e inst#nt *#se, t2e CA $is(isse$ t2e %etition in

CA-

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DARA! reversin) on #%%e#' t2e $e*ision o4 t2e PARAD #n$

n''i43in) 5it2 @n#'it3 t2e or$er o4 e&e*tion %en$in) #%%e#'

G t2e Or$er $#te$ De*e(+er , / isse$ +3 t2e PARAD

reinst#tin) t2e 5rit o4 e&e*tion e#r'ier isse$ #n$ G8 t2e

De*ision $#te$ J'3 1, / isse$ +3 t2e PARAD in t2e

ori)in#' %ro*ee$in)s 4or t2e *#n*e''#tion o4 t2e EPs. /BT2e

CA, t2ere4ore, erre$ 52en it $is(isse$ t2e %etition +#se$ on

s*2 te*2ni*#' )ron$.

Even #ss(in) t2#t t2e o(itte$ $o*(ents 5ere

(#teri#' to t2e #%%e#', t2e #%%e''#te *ort, inste#$ o4

$is(issin) otri)2t t2e %etition, *o'$ 2#ve ;st re6ire$

%etitioners to s+(it t2e ne*ess#r3 $o*(ents. In #pouses

(spe+o v. %to,/8Bt2e Cort 2e'$ t2#t n$er Se*tion / G$, R'e

/ o4 t2e Revise$ Intern#' R'es o4 t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s,

/FBt2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s is 5it2 #t2orit3 to re6ire t2e

%#rties to s+(it #$$ition#' $o*(ents #s (#3 +e

ne*ess#r3 to %ro(ote t2e interests o4 s+st#nti#' ;sti*e.

Moreover, %etitioners s+se6ent s+(ission o4 t2e

$o*(ents re6ire$ +3 t2e CA 5it2 t2e (otion 4or

re*onsi$er#tion *onstittes s+st#nti#' *o(%'i#n*e 5it2

Se*tion FG*, R'e / o4 t2e R'es o4 Cort. /BInJaro v. CA,

t2is Cort 2e'$ t2#t s+se6ent #n$ s+st#nti#' *o(%'i#n*e

(#3 *#'' 4or t2e re'#tion o4 t2e r'es o4 %ro*e$re.

P#rti*'#r'3:

T2e #(en$e$ %etition no 'on)er

*ont#ine$ t2e 4#t#' $e4e*ts t2#t t2e ori)in#'

%etition 2#$ +t t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s sti'' s#5

it @t to $is(iss t2e #(en$e$ %etition. T2e

Cort o4 A%%e#'s re#sone$ t2#t non-

*o(%'i#n*e in t2e ori)in#' %etition is

#$(itte$'3 #ttri+t#+'e to t2e %etitioner #n$

t2#t no 2i)2'3 ;sti@#+'e #n$ *o(%e''in)

re#son 2#s +een #$v#n*e$ to t2e *ort 4or it

to $e%#rt 4ro( t2e (#n$#tor3 re6ire(ents o4A$(inistr#tive Cir*'#r No. /-0F. T2e 2#r$

st#n*e t#=en +3 t2e Cort o4 A%%e#'s in t2is

*#se is n;sti@e$ n$er t2e *ir*(st#n*es.

T/'%' &- ">' %&->%$'#)'

/o$+ /" /' --'0'# "#$

--"#&" )o>&"#)' o( "# ">>'"#

" )" (o% /' %'"="&o# o( /' %'- o(

>%o)'$%'.In Cusi-ernandez vs.iaz#n$ Piglas/amao vs. 'ational 0abor

1elations Commission, 5e r'e$ t2#t /'

--'0'# -&--&o# o( /' &--+

$o)'#- &/ /' o&o# (o%

%')o#-&$'%"&o# "o#- o --"#&"

)o>&"#)'.T2e re#sons +e2in$ t2e 4#i're

o4 t2e %etitioners in t2ese t5o *#ses to

*o(%'3 5it2 t2e re6ire$ #tt#*2(ents 5ere
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn34http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn34http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn35http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn35http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn36http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn37http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn34http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn35http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn36http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn37

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no 'on)er s*rtinie$. 2#t 5e 4on$

note5ort23 in e#*2 *#se 5#s t2e 4#*t t2#t t2e

%etitioners t2erein s+st#nti#''3 *o(%'ie$ 5it2

t2e 4or(#' re6ire(ents. e or$ere$ t2e

re(#n$ o4 t2e %etitions in t2ese *#ses to t2e

Cort o4 A%%e#'s, stressin) t2e r'in) t2#t +3%re*i%it#te'3 $is(issin) t2e %etitions t2e

#%%e''#te *ort *'e#r'3 %t # %re(i( on

te*2ni*#'ities #t t2e e&%ense o4 # ;st

reso'tion o4 t2e *#se./BGCit#tions o(itte$

e(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

Ti(e #n$ #)#in, t2is Cort 2#s 2e'$ t2#t # stri*t #n$

ri)i$ #%%'i*#tion o4 te*2ni*#'ities (st +e #voi$e$ i4 it ten$s

to 4rstr#te r#t2er t2#n %ro(ote s+st#nti#' ;sti*e./0BAs

2e'$ in #ta. Ana v. #pouses Carpo:B

R'es o4 %ro*e$re #re (ere'3 too's

$esi)ne$ to 4#*i'it#te t2e #tt#in(ent o4

;sti*e. I( /' ">>&)"&o# o( /' R'-

o$ '#$ o (%-%"' %"/'% /"# o

>%oo' -&)', & &- ""- &/ o%

>o'% o -->'#$ /' %'- o% '=)'> "

>"%&)"% )"-' (%o /'&% o>'%"&o#.L"

"#$ %&->%$'#)' +%"# o )o%- /'

>%'%o+"&2' o %'"= )o>&"#)' &/ /'

>%o)'$%" %'-, even the most

mandatory in character, $( o( /'

$ o %')o#)&' the need to put an end

to litigation speedily"#$ the parties

right to an opportunity to be heard.

Or re*ent r'in) in 2anenglian v.

0orenzois instr*tive:

e 2#ve not +een o+'ivios to or

n(in$4' o4 t2e e&tr#or$in#r3

sit#tions t2#t (erit 'i+er#' #%%'i*#tion

o4 t2e R'es, #''o5in) s, $e%en$in) on

t2e *ir*(st#n*es, to set #si$e

te*2ni*#' in@r(ities #n$ )ive $e

*orse to t2e #%%e#'. In *#ses 52ere

5e $is%ense 5it2 t2e te*2ni*#'ities, 5e

$o not (e#n to n$er(ine t2e 4or*e

#n$ e9e*tivit3 o4 t2e %erio$s set +3

'#5. In t2ose r#re *#ses 52ere 5e $i$

not strin)ent'3 #%%'3 t2e %ro*e$r#'

r'es, t2ere #'5#3s e&iste$ # *'e#r

nee$ to %revent t2e *o((ission o4 #

)r#ve in;sti*e. Or ;$i*i#' s3ste(

#n$ t2e *orts 2#ve #'5#3s trie$ to

(#int#in # 2e#'t23 +#'#n*e +et5een

t2e stri*t en4or*e(ent o4 %ro*e$r#''#5s #n$ t2e )#r#ntee t2#t ever3

'iti)#nt +e )iven t2e 4'' o%%ortnit3 4or

t2e ;st #n$ %ro%er $is%osition o4 2is

*#se. GCit#tions o(itte$ e(%2#sis

s%%'ie$.
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn38http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn39http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn40http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn38http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn39http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn40

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C'e#r'3, t2e $is(iss#' o4 t2e %etition +3 t2e CA on

(ere te*2ni*#'it3 is n5#rr#nte$ in t2e inst#nt *#se.

O# /' )o2'%"+' o( /' -') >%o>'%

/' "+%"%&"# %'(o% >%o+%"

Petitioners *onten$ t2#t t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3,

%#rti*'#r'3 Lot No. 1, is otsi$e t2e *over#)e o4 t2e

#)r#ri#n re4or( %ro)r#( in vie5 o4 t2e en#*t(ent o4 Cit3

Or$in#n*e No. 1/1/ +3 t2e Cit3 o4 I'i)#n re*'#ssi43in) t2e

#re# into # resi$enti#'*o((er*i#' '#n$.1B

Un*onvin*e$, t2e DARA!, in its De*ision, note$ t2#t

t2e re*or$ is +ere4t o4 #n3 evi$en*e t2#t t2e *it3 or$in#n*e2#s +een #%%rove$ +3 t2e HLUR!, t2ere+3 #''e)e$'3 *#stin)

$o+t on t2e v#'i$it3 o4 t2e re*'#ssi@*#tion over t2e s+;e*t

%ro%ert3.BIt 4rt2er note$ t2#t 52et2er t2e s+;e*t

%ro%ert3 is e&e(%t 4ro( t2e OLT Pro)r#( is #n

#$(inistr#tive $eter(in#tion, t2e ;ris$i*tion o4 52i*2 'ies

e&*'sive'3 5it2 t2e DAR Se*ret#r3, not 5it2 t2e DARA!.

In$ee$, it is t2e O>*e o4 t2e DAR Se*ret#r3 52i*2 is

veste$ 5it2 t2e %ri(#r3 #n$ e&*'sive ;ris$i*tion over #''

(#tters invo'vin) t2e i(%'e(ent#tion o4 t2e #)r#ri#n re4or(

%ro)r#(./BHo5ever, t2is 5i'' not %revent t2e Cort 4ro(

#ss(in) ;ris$i*tion over t2e %etition *onsi$erin) t2#t t2e

isses r#ise$ in it (#3 #'re#$3 +e reso've$ on t2e +#sis o4

t2e re*or$s +e4ore Us. !esi$es, to #''o5 t2e (#tter to

re(#in 5it2 t2e O>*e o4 t2e DAR Se*ret#r3 5o'$ on'3

*#se nne*ess#r3 $e'#3 #n$ n$e 2#r$s2i% on t2e %#rties.

A%%'i*#+'e, +3 #n#'o)3, is Or r'in) in t2e re*ent Bagong

Pagkakaisa ng Manggaga"a ng 2riumph %nternational v.

epartment o 0abor and (mployment #e&retary,B52ere

e 2e'$:

!t #s t2e CA $i$, 5e si(i'#r'3

re*o)nie t2#t #$' /"%$-/&>, o /'

>o o( -&)', o$ %'- &( "

%'"#$ o$ ' o%$'%'$ #$'% "

-&"&o# /'%' ' "%' /' >o-&&o# o

%'-o2' /' )"-' "-'$ o# /' %')o%$-

'(o%' -.As 5e s#i$ in 1oman Catholi&

Ar&hbishop o Manila v. Court o Appeals:

5Be 2#ve '#i$ $o5n t2e r'e

t2#t t2e re(#n$ o4 t2e *#se to t2e
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn41http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn42http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn43http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn44http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn44http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn41http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn42http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn43http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn44

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/0

'o5er *ort 4or 4rt2er re*e%tion o4

evi$en*e is not ne*ess#r3 52ere t2e

Cort is in # %osition to reso've t2e

$is%te +#se$ on t2e re*or$s +e4ore

it. O# "# o))"-&o#-, /' Co%,

/' >&) '%'- "#$ (o% /''=>'$&&o- "$&-%"&o# o(

-&)', /"- %'-o2'$ ")&o#- o#

/' '%&- -'"$ o( %'"#$+

/' o /' %&" )o% (o% (%/'%

>%o)''$+-, -)/ "- /'%' /'

'#$- o( -&)', o$ #o '

--'%2'$ /' %'"#$ o( /'

)"-'.

T2s, 5e s2#'' $ire*t'3 r'e on t2e

$is(iss#' isse. An$ 52i'e 5e r'e t2#t t2e CA

*o'$ not v#'i$'3 r'e on t2e (erits o4 t2is

isse, 5e s2#'' not 2esit#te to re4er +#*= to its

$is(iss#' r'in), 52ere #%%ro%ri#te. GCit#tions

o(itte$ e(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

Pertinent'3, #4ter #n #ssi$os st$3 o4 t2e re*or$s o4

t2e *#se, e #)ree 5it2 %etitioners t2#t t2e s+;e*t

%ro%ert3, %#rti*'#r'3 Lot No. 1, is otsi$e t2e *over#)e

o4 t2e #)r#ri#n re4or( %ro)r#( in vie5 o4 t2e en#*t(ent +3

t2e Cit3 o4 I'i)#n o4 its 'o*#' onin) or$in#n*e, Cit3

Or$in#n*e No. 1/1/.

It is n$eni#+'e t2#t t2e 'o*#' )overn(ent 2#s t2e

%o5er to re*'#ssi43 #)ri*'tr#' into non-#)ri*'tr#'

'#n$s. In Pasong Bayabas 3armers Asso&iation, %n&. v. CA,

8Bt2is Cort 2e'$ t2#t %rs#nt to Se*. / o4 Re%+'i* A*t No.

GRA F, #(en$in) t2e Lo*#'

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Si)ni@*#nt'3, t2ere 5#s sti'' no HLUR! to s%e#= o4 $rin)

t2#t ti(e. It 5#s t2e T#s= 7or*e on H(#n Sett'e(ents, t2e

e#r'iest %re$e*essor o4 HLUR!, 52i*2 5#s #'re#$3 in

e&isten*e #t t2#t ti(e, 2#vin) +een *re#te$ on Se%te(+er

10, 10/ %rs#nt to E&e*tive Or$er No. 10. It s2o'$ +e

note$, 2o5ever, t2#t t2e T#s= 7or*e 5#s not e(%o5ere$ to

revie5 #n$ #%%rove onin) or$in#n*es #n$ re)'#tions. As #

(#tter o4 4#*t, it 5#s on'3 on A)st 0, 10, 5it2 t2e

iss#n*e o4 Letter o4 Instr*tions No. 0, t2#t 'o*#'

)overn(ents 5ere re6ire$ to s+(it t2eir e&istin) '#n$ se

%'#ns, onin) or$in#n*es, en4or*e(ent s3ste(s #n$

%ro*e$res to t2e Ministr3 o4 H(#n Sett'e(ents 4or revie5#n$ r#ti@*#tion. T2e H(#n Sett'e(ents Re)'#tor3

Co((ission GHSRC 5#s t2e re)'#tor3 #r( o4 t2e Ministr3

o4 H(#n Sett'e(ents.B

Si)ni@*#nt'3, #**o(%#n3in) t2e Certi@*#tionB$#te$

O*to+er , 1000 isse$ +3

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1

res%e*te$. T2e3 #'so (#int#in t2#t t2e re*'#ssi@*#tion o4 t2e

s+;e*t %ro%ert3 $i$ not #'ter its #)ri*'tr#' n#tre, (*2

'ess its #*t#' se.81B

Veri'3, veste$ ri)2ts 52i*2 2#ve #'re#$3 #**re$

*#nnot ;st +e t#=en #5#3 +3 t2e e&%e$ien*e o4 issin) #

'o*#' onin) or$in#n*e re*'#ssi43in) #n #)ri*'tr#' '#n$ into

# resi$enti#'*o((er*i#' #re#. As t2is Cort e&tensive'3

$is*sse$ in 1emman (nterprises, %n&. v. CA:8B

In t2e (#in, REMMAN 2in)es its

#%%'i*#tion 4or e&e(%tion on t2e )ron$ t2#t

t2e s+;e*t '#n$s 2#$ *e#se$ to +e

#)ri*'tr#' '#n$s +3 virte o4 t2e onin)

*'#ssi@*#tion +3 t2e S#n))ni#n) !#3#n o4

D#s(#ri#s, C#vite, #n$ #%%rove$ +3 t2e

HSRC, s%e*i43in) t2e( #s resi$enti#'.

In 'atalia 1ealty, %n&. v. epartment oAgri&ulture, t2is Cort reso've$ t2e isse o4

52et2er '#n$s #'re#$3 *'#ssi@e$ 4or

resi$enti#', *o((er*i#' or in$stri#' se, #s

#%%rove$ +3 t2e Hosin) #n$ L#n$ Use

Re)'#tor3 !o#r$ GHLUR! #n$ its %re*rsor

#)en*ies, i.e., N#tion#' Hosin) At2orit3 #n$

H(#n Sett'e(ents Re)'#tor3 Co((ission,

%rior to 18 Jne 10, #re *overe$ +3 Re%+'i*

A*t No. FF8, ot2er5ise =no5n #s t2e

Co(%re2ensive A)r#ri#n Re4or( L#5 o4 10.

e #ns5ere$ in t2e ne)#tive, t2s:

e no5 $eter(ine 52et2er s*2

'#n$s #re *overe$ +3 t2e CARL. Se*tion

o4 R.A. FF8 %rovi$es t2#t t2e CARL

s2#'' *over, re)#r$'ess o4 tenri#'

#rr#n)e(ent #n$ *o((o$it3

%ro$*e$, #'' %+'i* #n$ %riv#te

#)ri*'tr#' '#n$s. As to 52#t

*onstittes #)ri*'tr#' '#n$, it is

re4erre$ to #s '#n$ $evote$ to

#)ri*'tr#' #*tivit3 #s $e@ne$ in t2is

A*t #n$ not *'#ssi@e$ #s (iner#',4orest, resi$enti#', *o((er*i#' or

in$stri#' '#n$. T2e $e'i+er#tions o4 t2e

Constittion#' Co((ission *on@r( t2is

'i(it#tion. A)ri*'tr#' '#n$s #re on'3

t2ose '#n$s 52i*2 #re #r#+'e #n$

sit#+'e #)ri*'tr#' '#n$s #n$ $o not

in*'$e *o((er*i#', in$stri#' #n$

resi$enti#' '#n$.

&&& &&& &&&

In$ee$, '#n$s not $evote$ to

#)ri*'tr#' #*tivit3 #re otsi$e t2e

*over#)e o4 CARL. T2ese in*'$e '#n$s

%revios'3 *onverte$ to non-
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn52

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#)ri*'tr#' ses %rior to t2e e9e*tivit3

o4 CARL +3 )overn(ent #)en*ies ot2er

t2#n res%on$ent DAR. In its Revise$

R'es #n$ Re)'#tions

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/

#'re#$3 *'#ssi@e$ #s *o((er*i#',

in$stri#' or resi$enti#' +e4ore 18 Jne

10 no 'on)er nee$ #n3 *onversion

*'e#r#n*e.

However, the reclassication o!

lands to non"agricultural uses

shall not operate to divest

tenant#"$!armers o! their rights

over lands covered by %residential

Decree &%D' No( )*, which have

been vested prior to + June +-..(

As e(%2#sie$, /' %')"--&)"&o#

o( "#$- o #o#"+%&)%" )"##o '

">>&'$ o $'('" 2'-'$ %&+/- o(

'#"#("%'%- #$'% P%'-&$'#&"

')%'' No. @7.

In$ee$, in t2e re*ent *#se o4 #ta. 1osa

1ealty evelopment Corporation v. Amante,

52ere t2e Cort 5#s *on4ronte$ 5it2 t2e isse

o4 52et2er t2e *ontentios %ro%ert3 t2erein is

#)ri*'tr#' in n#tre on t2e )ron$ t2#t t2e

s#(e 2#$ +een *'#ssi@e$ #s %#r= sin*e 100

n$er t2e "onin) Or$in#n*e o4 C#+3#o, #s

#%%rove$ +3 t2e HLUR!, t2e Cort s#i$:

T2e Cort re*o)nies t2e %o5er o4

# 'o*#' )overn(ent to re*'#ssi43 #n$

*onvert '#n$s t2ro)2 'o*#' or$in#n*e,

es%e*i#''3 i4 s#i$ or$in#n*e is #%%rove$

+3 t2e HLUR!. Mni*i%#' Or$in#n*e No.

11-8 $#te$ Nove(+er /, 100,

en#*te$ +3

t2e Mni*i%#'it3 o4 C#+3#o, $ivi$e$t2e (ni*i%#'it3 into resi$enti#',

*o((er*i#', in$stri#', #)ri*'tr#' #n$

instittion#' $istri*ts, #n$ $istri*ts #n$

%#r=s 4or o%en s%#*es. It $i$ not

*onvert, 2o5ever, e&istin) #)ri*'tr#'

'#n$s into resi$enti#', *o((er*i#',

in$stri#', or instittion#'. 2i'e it

*'#ssi@e$ !#r#n)#3 C#si'e into #

(ni*i%#' %#r=, #s s2o5n in its

%er(itte$ ses o4 '#n$ (#%, t2e

or$in#n*e $i$ not %rovi$e 4or t2e

retro#*tivit3 o4 its *'#ssi@*#tion. In Co

vs. %ntermediate Appellate Court, it

5#s 2e'$ /" "# o%$"#)'

)o#2'%+ "+%&)%" "#$- o

%'-&$'#&" o% &+/ $-%&"

-/o$ '

+&2'#prospective">>&)"&o# o#,

"#$ -/o$ #o )/"#+' /' #"%'

o( '=&-+ "+%&)%" "#$-

/' "%'" o% /' '+" %'"&o#-/&>-'=&-+ o2'% -)/ "#$. . . . .

A re#$in) o4 Metro M#ni'# "onin)

Or$in#n*e No. 1-1, series o4 101,

$oes not $is*'ose #n3 %rovision

*onvertin) e&istin) #)ri*'tr#' '#n$s

in t2e *overe$ #re# into resi$enti#' or

'i)2t in$stri#'. 2i'e it $e*'#re$ t2#t

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#4ter t2e %#ss#)e o4 t2e (e#sre, t2e

s+;e*t #re# s2#'' +e se$ on'3 4or

resi$enti#' or 'i)2t in$stri#' %r%oses,

it is not %rovi$e$ t2erein t2#t it s2#''

2#ve retro#*tive e9e*t so #s to

$is*ontine #'' ri)2ts %revios'3#*6ire$ over '#n$s 'o*#te$ 5it2in t2e

one 52i*2 #re neit2er resi$enti#' nor

'i)2t in$stri#' in n#tre. T/&- -&>

'"#- /", &( ' ">> /'

+'#'%" %', "- ' -, /'

o%$"#)' -/o$ ' +&2'#

>%o->')&2' o>'%"&o# o#. T/'

(%/'% &>&)"&o# &- /" &

-/o$ #o )/"#+' /' #"%' o(

'=&-+ "+%&)%" "#$- /'

"%'" o% /' '+" %'"&o#-/&>-

'=&-+ o2'% -)/ "#$-.GCit#tions

o(itte$ e(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

T2is, 2o5ever, r#ises t2e isse o4 52et2er veste$

ri)2ts 2#ve #*t#''3 #**re$ in t2e inst#nt *#se. In t2is

res%e*t, e re*=on t2#t n$er PD , ten#nt-4#r(ers o4 ri*e

#n$ *orn '#n$s 5ere $ee(e$ o5ners o4 t2e '#n$ t2e3 ti'' #s

o4 O*to+er 1, 10. T2is %o'i*3, inten$e$ to e(#n*i%#te t2e

ten#nt-4#r(ers 4ro( t2e +on$#)e o4 t2e soi', is )iven e9e*t

+3 t2e 4o''o5in) %rovision o4 t2e '#5:

T2e ten#nt 4#r(er, 52et2er in '#n$

*'#ssi@e$ #s '#n$e$ est#te or not, s2#''

+e $'''$ o#'%o4 # %ortion *onstittin) #

4#(i'3 sie 4#r( o4 @ve G8 2e*t#res i4 not

irri)#te$ #n$ t2ree G/ 2e*t#res i4 irri)#te$.

GE(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

It s2o'$ +e *'#ri@e$ t2#t even i4 n$er PD ,

ten#nt-4#r(ers #re $ee(e$ o5ners #s o4 O*to+er 1, 10,

t2is is not to +e *onstre$ #s #to(#ti*#''3 vestin) %on

t2ese ten#nt-4#r(ers #+so'te o5ners2i% over t2e '#n$ t2e3

5ere ti''in). Cert#in re6ire(ents (st #'so +e *o(%'ie$

5it2, s*2 #s %#3(ent o4 ;st *o(%ens#tion, +e4ore 4''

o5ners2i% is veste$ %on t2e ten#nt-4#r(ers. T2is 5#s

e'*i$#te$ +3 t2e Cort inAsso&iation o #mall 0ando"ners

in the Philippines, %n&. v. #e&. o Agrarian 1eorm :8/B

It is tre t2#t P.D. No. e&%ress'3

or$ere$ t2e e(#n*i%#tion o4 ten#nt-4#r(er #sO*to+er 1, 10 #n$ $e*'#re$ t2#t 2e

s2#'' be deemed the o"nero4 # %ortion o4

'#n$ *onsistin) o4 # 4#(i'3-sie$ 4#r( e&*e%t

t2#t no tit'e to t2e '#n$ o5ne$ +3 2i( 5#s to

+e #*t#''3 isse$ to 2i( n'ess #n$ nti' 2e

2#$ +e*o(e # 4''-e$)e$ (e(+er o4 # $'3

re*o)nie$ 4#r(ers *oo%er#tive.I "-

#$'%-oo$, /o'2'%, /" ( >"'#

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8

o( /' - )o>'#-"&o# "-o /"$ o '

"$' %-, )o#(o%" o /'

)o#-&&o#" %'0&%''#.

2en E.O. No. , *#te)ori*#''3

st#te$ in its Se*tion 1 t2#t:

A'' 6#'i@e$ 4#r(er-+ene@*i#ries

#re no5 deemed ull o"ners#s o4

O*to+er 1, 10 o4 t2e '#n$ t2e3

#*6ire$ +3 virte o4 Presi$enti#'

De*ree No. .

& "- o2&o- %'('%%+ o "#$-

"%'"$ 2"&$ ")0&%'$ #$'% /' -"&$

$')%'', "('% >%oo( o( ('$+'$

''%-/&> /' ("%'%- )oo>'%"&2'-

"#$ ( >"'# o( -

)o>'#-"&o#.Hen*e, it 5#s #'so %er4e*t'3

%ro%er 4or t2e Or$er to #'so %rovi$e in its

Se*tion t2#t t2e 'e#se rent#'s %#i$ to t2e

'#n$o5ner +3 t2e 4#r(er-+ene@*i#r3 #4ter

O*to+er 1, 10 G%en$in) tr#ns4er o4

o5ners2i% #4ter 4'' %#3(ent o4 ;st

*o(%ens#tion, s2#'' +e *onsi$ere$ #s

#$v#n*e %#3(ent 4or t2e '#n$.

T2e CARP L#5, 4or its %#rt, *on$itions

t2e tr#ns4er o4 %ossession #n$ o5ners2i% o4

t2e '#n$ to t2e )overn(ent on re*ei%t +3 t2e

'#n$o5ner o4 t2e *orres%on$in) %#3(ent or

t2e $e%osit +3 t2e DAR o4 t2e *o(%ens#tion

in *#s2 or L!P +on$s 5it2 #n #**essi+'e

+#n=. U#& /'#, &' "-o %'"- &/

/' "#$o#'%. No o%&+/ )/"#+' o(o#'%-/&> &- )o#'>"'$

'&/'%.GCit#tions o(itte$ e(%2#sis

s%%'ie$.

Prior to *o(%'i#n*e 5it2 t2e %res*ri+e$ re6ire(ents,

ten#nt-4#r(ers 2#ve, #t (ost, #n in*2o#te ri)2t over t2e

'#n$ t2e3 5ere ti''in). In re*o)nition o4 t2is, # CLT is isse$

to # ten#nt-4#r(er to serve #s # %rovision#' tit'e o4

o5ners2i% over t2e '#n$2o'$in) 52i'e t2e 'ot o5ner is

#5#itin) 4'' %#3(ent o4 ;st *o(%ens#tionB or 4or #s 'on)

#s t2e ten#nt-4#r(erB is #n #(ortiin) o5ner.8BT2is

*erti@*#te %roves in*2o#te o5ners2i% o4 #n #)ri*'tr#' '#n$

%ri(#ri'3 $evote$ to ri*e #n$ *orn %ro$*tion. It is isse$ in

or$er 4or t2e ten#nt-4#r(er to #*6ire t2e '#n$88B

2e 5#sti''in).

Con*o(it#nt'3, 5it2 res%e*t to t2e L!P #n$ t2e

)overn(ent, ten#nt-4#r(ers *#nnot +e *onsi$ere$ #s 4''

o5ners o4 t2e '#n$ t2e3 #re ti''in) n'ess t2e3 2#ve 4''3
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn54http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn55http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn54http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn55

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F

%#i$ t2e #(orti#tions $e t2e(. T2is is +e*#se it is on'3

%on s*2 4'' %#3(ent o4 t2e #(orti#tions t2#t EPs (#3

+e isse$ in t2eir 4#vor.

In el Castillo v. Or&iga, e e&%'#ine$ t2#t '#n$

tr#ns4er n$er PD is e9e*te$ in t5o G st#)es. T2e @rst

st#)e is t2e iss#n*e o4 # CLT to # 4#r(er-+ene@*i#r3 #s

soon #s t2e DAR tr#ns4ers t2e '#n$2o'$in) to t2e 4#r(er-

+ene@*i#r3 in re*o)nition t2#t s#i$ %erson is its $ee(e$

o5ner. An$ t2e se*on$ st#)e is t2e iss#n*e o4 #n EP #s

%roo4 o4 4'' o5ners2i% o4 t2e '#n$2o'$in) %on 4'' %#3(ent

o4 t2e #nn#' #(orti#tions or 'e#se rent#'s +3 t2e 4#r(er-

+ene@*i#r3.8FB

I# /' )"-' " "%, /' CLT- '%' &--'$

1984. T/'%'(o%', (o% " '#- "#$ >%>o-'-, & "-

o# 1984 /" >%&2"' %'->o#$'#-, "- ("%'%

'#')&"%&'-, '%' %')o+#&;'$ o /"2' "# )/o"'

%&+/ o2'% /' -') >%o>'% >%&o% o )o>&"#)'

&/ /' >%'-)%&'$ %'0&%''#-. Co#-&$'%+ /"

/' o)" ;o#+ o%$"#)' "- '#")'$ 197, "#$

--'0'# ">>%o2'$ /' HSRC 1978, >%&2"'

%'->o#$'#- -& /"$ #o 2'-'$ %&+/- o ->'"* o(

$%+ /&- >'%&o$, "- & "- o# 1984 /" >%&2"'

%'->o#$'#- '%' &--'$ /' CLT- "#$ '%' $'''$

o#'%-.

T/' -"' /o$- %' '2'# &( EP- "#$ OCT- '%'

&--'$ @1, -)' %')"--&)"&o# /"$ "*'# >")'

'#-&= ?@6D '"%- >%&o% o /'&% &--"#)'.

U#$'#&", #o 2'-'$ %&+/- "))%'$ >%&o% o

%')"--&)"&o# "#$ &- ">>%o2". Co#-'0'#, /'

-') >%o>'%, >"%&)"% Lo No. 147, &- o-&$'

/' )o2'%"+' o( /' "+%"%&"# %'(o% >%o+%".

O# /' 2&o"&o# o( >'&&o#'%- %&+/ o $'

>%o)'-- o( "

Petitioners *onten$ t2#t DAR 4#i'e$ to noti43 t2e(

t2#t it is s+;e*tin) t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3 n$er t2e *over#)e

o4 t2e #)r#ri#n re4or( %ro)r#( 2en*e, t2eir ri)2t to $e

%ro*ess o4 '#5 5#s vio'#te$. 8BCitin) e Chavez v. 4obel,

8B+ot2 t2e DAR #n$ t2e %riv#te res%on$ents *'#i( t2#t t2e

en#*t(ent o4 PD is # st#ttor3 noti*e to #'' o5ners o4
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn56http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn57http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn56http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn57http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn58

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#)ri*'tr#' '#n$s $evote$ to ri*e #n$or *orn %ro$*tion,

80Bi(%'3in) t2#t t2ere 5#s no nee$ 4or #n #*t#' noti*e.

e #)ree 5it2 %etitioners. T2e i(%ort#n*e o4 #n

#*t#' noti*e in s+;e*tin) # %ro%ert3 n$er t2e #)r#ri#n

re4or( %ro)r#( *#nnot +e n$err#te$, #s non-*o(%'i#n*e

5it2 it tro$s ro)2s2o$ 5it2 t2e essenti#' re6ire(ents o4

#$(inistr#tive $e %ro*ess o4 '#5.FBOr r'in) in -eirs o

Jugalbot v. CAF1Bis %#rti*'#r'3 instr*tive:

7irst'3, t2e t#=in) o4 s+;e*t %ro%ert3

5#s $one in vio'#tion o4 *onstittion#' $e

%ro*ess. T/' Co% o( A>>'"- "- )o%%')

>o+ o /" :&%+&" A. Ro" "-

$'#&'$ $' >%o)'-- ')"-' /' AR

("&'$ o -'#$ #o&)' o( /' &>'#$+

"#$ %'(o% )o2'%"+' o /' >%o>'%

>"%.T2e re*or$s s2o5 t2#t noti*es 5ere

erroneos'3 #$$resse$ #n$ sent in t2e n#(e

o4 Pe$ro N. Ro# 52o 5#s not t2e o5ner,

2en*e, not t2e %ro%er %#rt3 in t2e inst#nt*#se. T2e o5ners2i% o4 t2e %ro%ert3, #s *#n

+e )'e#ne$ 4ro( t2e re*or$s, %ert#ins to

Vir)ini# A. Ro#. Noti*e s2o'$ 2#ve +een

t2ere4ore serve$ on 2er, #n$ not Pe$ro N. Ro#.

& & & &

In #$$ition, t2e $e4e*tive noti*e sent to

Pe$ro N. Ro# 5#s 4o''o5e$ +3 # DAR

*erti@*#tion si)ne$ +3 te#( 'e#$er E$#r$o

M##n$i) on J#n#r3 , 10 st#tin) t2#t t2e

s+;e*t %ro%ert3 5#s ten#nte$ #s o4 O*to+er

1, 10 #n$ %ri(#ri'3 $evote$ to ri*e #n$

*orn $es%ite t2e 4#*t t2#t t2ere 5#s no o*'#r

ins%e*tion or #n3 on-site 4#*t-@n$in)

investi)#tion #n$ re%ort to veri43 t2e trt2 o4

t2e #''e)#tions o4 Ni*o'#s J)#'+ot t2#t 2e 5#s

# ten#nt o4 t2e %ro%ert3. T2e #+sen*e o4 s*2

o*'#r ins%e*tion or on-site 4#*t-@n$in)

investi)#tion #n$ re%ort 'i=e5ise $e%rives

Vir)ini# A. Ro# o4 2er ri)2t to %ro%ert3 t2ro)2

t2e $eni#' o4 $e %ro*ess.

!3 #n#'o)3, 1o5as 6 Co., %n&. v. Court

o Appeals#%%'ies to t2e *#se #t +#r sin*e

t2ere 5#s 'i=e5ise # vio'#tion o4 $e %ro*ess

in t2e i(%'e(ent#tion o4 t2e Co(%re2ensive

A)r#ri#n Re4or( L#5 52en t2e %etitioner 5#s

not noti@e$ o4 #n3 o*'#r ins%e*tion #n$

investi)#tion to +e *on$*te$ +3 t2e DAR

+e4ore #*6isition o4 t2e %ro%ert3 5#s to +e

n$ert#=en. Neit2er 5#s t2ere %roo4 t2#t

%etitioner 5#s )iven t2e o%%ortnit3 to #t

'e#st *2oose #n$ i$enti43 its retention #re# in

t2ose %ortions to +e #*6ire$. !ot2 in t2e

Co(%re2ensive A)r#ri#n Re4or( L#5 #n$

Presi$enti#' De*ree No. , t2e ri)2t o4
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn60http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn61http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn61http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn60http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn61

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retention #n$ 2o5 t2is ri)2t is e&er*ise$, is

)#r#ntee$ +3 '#5.

S)' "#$ ")0&-&&o# #$'% '&/'%

P%'-&$'#&" ')%'' No. @7 "#$ /'

Co>%'/'#-&2' A+%"%&"# R'(o% L"

+o2'%# /' '=%"o%$"% '/o$ o(

'=>%o>%&"+ >%&2"' >%o>'%, /' "

- ' -%&) )o#-%'$. F"&/(

)o>&"#)' &/ '+" >%o2&-&o#-,

'->')&" /o-' /&)/ %'"' o /'

>%o)'$%' (o% ")0&-&&o# o(

'=>%o>%&"'$ "#$- -/o$ /'%'(o%' '

o-'%2'$.In t2e inst#nt *#se, no %ro%er

noti*e 5#s )iven to Vir)ini# A. Ro# +3 t2eDAR. Neit2er $i$ t2e DAR *on$*t #n o*'#r

ins%e*tion #n$ investi)#tion. Hen*e, #n3 #*t

*o((itte$ +3 t2e DAR or #n3 o4 its #)en*ies

t2#t res'ts 4ro( its 4#i're to *o(%'3 5it2 t2e

%ro%er %ro*e$re 4or e&%ro%ri#tion o4 '#n$ is #

vio'#tion o4 *onstittion#' $e %ro*ess #n$

s2o'$ +e $ee(e$ #r+itr#r3, *#%ri*ios,

52i(si*#' #n$ t#inte$ 5it2 )r#ve #+se o4

$is*retion. GCit#tions o(itte$ e(%2#sis

s%%'ie$.

M#r=e$'3, # re#$in) o4 e Chavezinvo=e$ +3 +ot2

t2e DAR #n$ %riv#te res%on$ents $oes not s2o5 t2#t t2is

Cort ever (#$e (ention t2#t #*t#' noti*e (#3 +e

$is%ense$ 5it2 n$er PD , its en#*t(ent +ein) #

%r%orte$ st#ttor3 noti*e to #'' o5ners o4 #)ri*'tr#' '#n$s

$evote$ to ri*e #n$or *orn %ro$*tion t2#t t2eir '#n$s #re

s+;e*te$ to t2e OLT %ro)r#(.

ite *ontr#ri'3, in #ta. Moni&a %ndustrial 6 evt.

Corp. v. A1,FBt2is Cort n$ers*ore$ t2e si)ni@*#n*e o4

noti*e in i(%'e(entin) t2e #)r#ri#n re4or( %ro)r#( 52en it

st#te$ t2#t noti*e is %#rt o4 t2e *onstittion#' ri)2t to $e

%ro*ess o4 '#5. It in4or(s t2e '#n$o5ner o4 t2e St#tes

intention to #*6ire # %riv#te '#n$ %on %#3(ent o4 ;st*o(%ens#tion #n$ )ives 2i( t2e o%%ortnit3 to %resent

evi$en*e t2#t 2is '#n$2o'$in) is not *overe$ or is ot2er5ise

e&*se$ 4ro( t2e #)r#ri#n '#5.

T2e Cort, t2ere4ore, @n$s interest in t2e 2o'$in) o4

t2e DARA! t2#t %etitioners 5ere not $enie$ t2e ri)2t to $e

%ro*ess $es%ite t2e 4#*t t2#t on'3 t2e N#n#(#ns 5ere

i$enti@e$ #s t2e o5ners. P#rti*'#r'3:

7ort2'3, t2e PARAD #'so r'e$ t2#t t2e

%etitioners 5ere $enie$ t2e ri)2t to +e )iven

t2e noti*e sin*e on'3 t2e N#n#(#ns 5ere

i$enti@e$ #s t2e o5ners. T2e 4#'t 'ies 5it2

%etitioners 52o $i$ not %resent t2e t#&

$e*'#r#tion in t2e n#(e o4 Dr. De'este #s o4

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0

O*to+er 1, 10. It 5#s on'3 in 1008 t2#t

Civi' C#se No. F0 5#s @n#''3 $e*i$e$ +3 t2e

S%re(e Cort $ivi$in) t2e /. 2e*t#res

+et5een t2e De'estes #n$ t2e N#n#(#ns.

Note t2#t Dr. De'este $ie$ in 100 #4ter PD

5#s %ro(')#te$, 2en*e, t2e s+;e*t '#n$ or2is s2#re 5#s *onsi$ere$ in 2is n#(e on'3

Gsee Art. , Ne5 Civi' Co$e. Even t2en, it

(st +e +orne in (in$ t2#t on Se%te(+er F,

10, PD No. 5#s isse$ +3 Presi$ent

M#r*os %ro*'#i(in) t2e 52o'e *ontr3 #s #

'#n$ re4or( #re#, t2is 5#s 4o''o5e$ +3 PD .

T2is s2o'$ 2#ve #'#r(e$ t2e( (ore so 52en

%riv#te res%on$ents #re in #*t#' %ossession

#n$ *'tiv#tion o4 t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3.

!t it 5#s in*(+ent %on t2e DAR to noti43 De'este,

+ein) t2e '#n$o5ner o4 t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3. It s2o'$ +e

note$ t2#t t2e $ee$ o4 s#'e e&e*te$ +3 Hi'#ri# in 4#vor o4

De'este 5#s re)istere$ on M#r*2 , 108, #n$ s*2

re)istr#tion serves #s # *onstr*tive noti*e to t2e 52o'e

5or'$ t2#t t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3 5#s #'re#$3 o5ne$ +3

De'este +3 virte o4 t2e s#i$ $ee$ o4 s#'e. In 'aval v. CA,

t2is Cort 2e'$:

A%%'3in) t2e '#5, 5e 2e'$ in Bautista

v. 3ulet2#t /' %'+&-%"&o# o( "#

-%'# o2+ unregistered

land /' R'+&-% o( ''$- )%'"'-

)o#-%)&2' #o&)'#n$ +in$s t2ir$ %erson

52o (#3 s+se6ent'3 $e#' 5it2 t2e s#(e

%ro%ert3.F/B& & & GE(%2#sis s%%'ie$.

It +e#rs stressin) t2#t t2e %rin*i%#' %r%ose o4

re)istr#tion is to noti43 ot2er %ersons not %#rties to #

*ontr#*t t2#t # tr#ns#*tion invo'vin) t2e %ro%ert3 2#s +een

entere$ into.FBT2ere 5#s, t2ere4ore, no re#son 4or DAR to

4ei)n i)nor#n*e o4 t2e tr#ns4er o4 o5ners2i% over t2e s+;e*t

%ro%ert3.

Moreover, t2#t DAR s2o'$ 2#ve sent t2e noti*e to

De'este, #n$ not to t2e N#n#(#ns, is +o'stere$ +3 t2e 4#*t

t2#t t2e t#& $e*'#r#tion in t2e n#(e o4 Vir)i'io 5#s #'re#$3

*#n*e'e$ #n$ # ne5 one isse$ in t2e n#(e o4 De'este.

F8BA't2o)2 t#& $e*'#r#tions or re#'t3 t#& %#3(ents o4

%ro%ert3 #re not *on*'sive evi$en*e o4 o5ners2i%, t2e3 #re

nonet2e'ess )oo$ in$i*i# o4 %ossession in t2e *on*e%t o4 #n

o5ner, 4or no one in 2is ri)2t (in$ 5o'$ +e %#3in) t#&es 4or

# %ro%ert3 t2#t is not in 2is #*t#' or, #t 'e#st, *onstr*tive

%ossession. FFB
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn63http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn64http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn65http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn66http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn63http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn64http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn65http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/june2011/169913.htm#_ftn66

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8

Petitioners ri)2t to $e %ro*ess o4 '#5 5#s, in$ee$,

vio'#te$ 52en t2e DAR 4#i'e$ to noti43 t2e( t2#t it is

s+;e*tin) t2e s+;e*t %ro%ert3 n$er t2e *over#)e o4 t2e

#)r#ri#n re4or( %ro)r#(.

On t2is note, e t#=e e&*e%tion to or r'in)

in 1o5as 6 Co., %n&. v. CA,FB52ere, $es%ite # @n$in) t2#t

t2ere 5#s # vio'#tion o4 $e %ro*ess in t2e i(%'e(ent#tion

o4 t2e *o(%re2ensive #)r#ri#n re4or( %ro)r#( 52en t2e

%etitioner 5#s not noti@e$ o4 #n3 o*'#r ins%e*tion #n$

investi)#tion to +e *on$*te$ +3 t2e DAR +e4ore #*6irin)

t2e %ro%ert3, t2ere+3 e9e*tive'3 $e%rivin) %etitioner t2e

o%%ortnit3 to #t 'e#st *2oose #n$ i$enti43 its retention #re#

in t2ose %ortions to +e #*6ire$, FBt2is Cort nonet2e'ess

r'e$ t2#t s*2 vio'#tion $oes not )ive t2e Cort t2e %o5er

to n''i43 t2e *erti@*#tes o4 '#n$ o5ners2i% #5#r$ GCLOAs

#'re#$3 isse$ to t2e 4#r(er-+ene@*i#ries, sin*e t2e DAR(st +e )iven t2e *2#n*e to *orre*t its %ro*e$r#' '#%ses in

t2e #*6isition %ro*ee$in)s.

M#ni4estin) 2er $is#)ree(ent t2#t t2is Cort *#nnot

n''i43 i''e)#''3 isse$ CLOAs #n$ s2o'$ @rst #s= t2e DAR to

reverse #n$ *orre*t itse'4, Jsti*e n#res-S#nti#)o, in 2er

Con*rrin) #n$ Dissentin) O%inion,F0Bst#te$ t2#t iB4 t2e

#*ts o4 DAR #re %#tent'3 i''e)#' #n$ t2e ri)2ts o4 Ros Q Co.

vio'#te$, t2e 5ron) $e*isions o4 DAR s2o'$ +e reverse$ #n$

set #si$e. It 4o''o5s t2#t t2e 4rits o4 t2e 5ron)4' #*ts, in

t2is *#se t2e i''e)#''3 isse$ CLOAs, (st +e $e*'#re$ n''

#n$ voi$. S2e #'so note$ t2#t iB4 CLOAs *#n n$er t2e DARs

o5n or$er +e *#n*e''e$ #$(inistr#tive'3, 5it2 (ore re#son

*#n t2e *orts, es%e*i#''3 t2e S%re(e Cort, $o so 52en

t2e (#tter is *'e#r'3 in isse.

In t2e s#(e vein, i4 t2e i''e)#'it3 in t2e iss#n*e o4

t2e CLTs is %#tent, t2e Cort (st i((e$i#te'3 t#=e #*tion

#n$ $e*'#re t2e iss#n*e #s n'' #n$ voi$. T2ere +ein) no

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