CRISIS

Compiled by: Emily Duke, Logan Jones, Ashlyn Rogers &

Landon Pozernick

Editorial cartoons are an interesting form of communication. More than anything, the purpose of these cartoons is to draw attention to current events, express obvious opin-ion, and make fun of issues, phenomenons and public figures.

Political cartoons use satire, humor and hyperbole to convey their messages. Accord-ing to Doug Marlette, “Cartoons are the acid test of the First Amendment.” By this he is saying that they are constantly pushing the limits of what it means to have freedom of speech.

Editorial cartoons are extremely blunt and hard-hitting. Often times, they say what many people are too afraid to say themselves.

We have chosen 16 editorial cartoons to analyze using a coding sheet provided by our professor and an “Image Bias Detector” created by John H. McManus. All of our car-toons are about ISIS, but we have split them up into three categories: ISIS vs the United States, Barack Obama’s plan and International view. Feel free to look around and learn about how editorial cartoonists have been framing the issue of ISIS.

Introduction

Table of Contents

All information, including videos and pictures, on this site are for educational use only. This use is protected by the educational fair use provision of the United States Copyright law, www.cetus.org.

(Links to an external site.)

ISIS vs. the United States ........................................................................Cartoons 1-7

Barack Obama’s plan......................................................................Cartoons 8-11

International view...................................................................Cartoons 12-16

Crossword.................................................................................Page 21

Works Cited..........................................................................Pages 22-25

Emily Duke is a journalism major in her third year at Utah State. She is the sec-ond of six kids and loves her family more than anything in the world. A self-proclaimed band geek Emily has played the trumpet for nine years and played in the marching band at her high school for four. Emily’s fa-vorites include: sports team, seahawks; food, enchiladas; craft supply, glitter; date activity, baking cookies; daily activi-ty, driving Logan crazy; and time of the year; football season. Emily’s life dream is to move to Seattle and cover the Seattle Seahawks and not be poor and homeless in the process.

Logan Jones is a journalism major in his second year at Utah State. He is the fourth of

five kids and hails from Salem, Oregon. Logan was raised a die-hard Portland Trail Blazers and Bos-

ton Red Sox fan, and don’t even get him started on the Seahawks or he won’t stop. Logan loves spaghetti and Netflix

and staying in bed as long as possible. When he isn’t watch-ing sports he can be found researching fantasy football

stats or reading only exceptionally good books. Lo-gan loves the Oregon coast more than just about

any other place on earth and wants to get out of Utah as soon as possible.

Landon Pozernick is a pre JCOM major, also in his second year at USU, and loves everything, particularly food, hiking, food, music, reading, food, taking pictures, and taking pictures of food. He’s currently really hungry. He’s an enthusiastic student who enjoys learning about everything from biology to psychology to physics to politics. He hopes to travel the world, and expose himself to as many cultures and perspectives as possible, as well as explore art in multiple and varied media. He loves being outdoors, especially in the sum-mer, where his favorite activities include swimming and especially rock climbing. His favorite animal is the manatee, the most graceful of all animals.

Ashlyn was born and raised on the East Coast, but the mountains of Utah are her home now. She is study-

ing Journalism and Communications with an emphasis in media design at Utah State University. She (kind of) knows

how to code with HTML and CSS, and she is currently learning JavaScript. One day Ashlyn hopes to design her own online thrift

store, she is an avid thrifter, but for now she’ll stick with design-ing magazines for her JCOM 2010 class. Her hobbies of the

outdoor variety include hiking, nature photography, and playing tennis and soccer. Ashlyn wants to have a total

of three (3) wiener dogs when she grows up.

The ‘About Us’ Page

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: Emily Publication: Mail TribuneDate: Sept. 29, 2014Cartoonist: Dave GranlundUS/International: US Title of Cartoon: ISIS and US Intel Cartoon #: 1

Action/context analysis: In this cartoon the little US Intelligence guy is staring up at the big Isis dog and realizing that his little net probably isn’t going to be much help to him. A week after the US started leading air strikes in Syria President Obama came out and said that United States Intelli-gence underestimated what was going on in Syria with Isis after their civil war happened. He said that because of the chaos occurring in the country it was easy for the terrorist group Isis to start to grow and become a bigger problem (Liptak). According to an interview that Obama did with 60 Minutes both he and John Clapper, the head of US Intelligence services, “underestimated what had been taking place in Syria” during its civil war, allowing Syria to become “ground zero for jihadists around the world.” In his interview with 60 Minutes Obama was quoted saying, “Well, I think our head of the intelligence community, Jim Clapper, has acknowledged that I think they underestimated what had been tak-ing place in Syria.”

Tone of the cartoon: Negative framing of the issue opposed to supporters and supportive of the oppos-ers.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? This cartoon is showing that Isis is a big deal and that the United States is not prepared to deal with it.

Sept. 29 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/isis-and-us-intel/

ISIS and US Intel

Stakeholders: U.S. troops on the ground; taxpayers; the U.S. government Foreground: most of the detail is in the foreground. The small truck has lots of detail but is small. Backround: The cartoon is mostly in the foreground.Active: ISIS, it portrays them as big and dominate and unbeatable. Passive: US Intel, it makes them look small and inconsequential. Unsympathetic: this cartoon is unsympathetic toward the US. It implies that we are in over our heads and ill prepared for the challenge of facing isis. It makes it look like the US went in thinking it would be a small problem but it ended up bigger than they thought. Primary emotion: Embarrassment on the part of the US intel, and fear about how big and scary Isis is.

Which stakeholders are not included in the image?Troops, local people, other nations involved, US as a wholeWhat is the message of the image? Isis is bigger than we thought and we are in over our heads a bit. It shows that we have had some poor information gathering on the part of the United States.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The biases conveyed by this image are that Isis is bigger that the US Intelligence agency is useless. It displays a bias against US intelligence agencies.

Analysis: This cartoon uses labeling to label a big scary dog as Isis and a dog catch-er as US Intel. This also shows symbolism. The dog catcher vs stray dog idea points out that the US is working to clean up the mess of “stray dogs” or Isis followers since they came out and made themselves a threat. This symbolises that the artist thinks the job of intel is like a clean up crew and that they aren’t really doing their job very well. Exaggeration is used to show how big of a problem Isis really is in the form of a big exaggeratedly scary dog. This cartoon makes the statement that US intel is not doing their job, with the context of it coming out right after the president said that they underestimated Isis the artist seems to be playing off of this to invoke fear of the Isis threat.

Sources: http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/28/politics/obama-isis-congress/index.htmlhttp://newsbusters.org/blogs/curtis-houck/2014/09/29/abc-cbs-ignore-news-intelligence-com-munity-did-warn-obama-isis-threathttp://www.noozilla.com/news/6117535/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/terrorism-jan-june10-intelquicktake_01-05/http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/09/30/us-intelligence-underestimat-ed-the-rise-of-isis-says-obama

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: Emily Publication: Arizona Daily StarDate: Sept. 10, 2014Cartoonist: David FitzsimmonsU.S./International: InternatoinalTitle of cartoon: Isis’ Strategy Cartoon#: 2

Action/Context analysis: A member of Isis is beheading a prisoner and sending the tape to the U.S. to prove how powerful they are. The man says, they will lose their will to fight, but the giant eagle is scaring away all his backup is saying that the U.S. are only getting angrier. Two American journalists were beheaded by Isis terrorists. After this happened the United States started to do air strikes in both Iraq and Syria. On Sept. 10 president Obama gave a speech to the American people outlining what his plan of attack would be for Isis. He stated in his speech, “If you threaten America you will find no safe haven.” Obama outlined the plan for combating Isis as follows: “First, we will conduct a system-atic campaign of airstrikes against these terrorists. Second, we will increase our sup-port to forces fighting these terrorists on the ground. Third, we will continue to draw on our substantial counterterrorism capabilities to prevent ISIL attacks. Fourth, we will con-tinue providing humanitarian assistance to innocent civilians who have been displaced by this terrorist organization. (CNN, 2014).” This cartoon came out right after Obama declared that the US will not stand for the Isis attacks anymore. What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The biggest thing that this cartoon shows is that the U.S. will not back down. It gives hope to U.S. citizens that the deaths of these Americans will not go unavenged. America will not be frightened away by the violence the way Isis assumed we would. We will fight.

Sept. 10 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/isis-strategy/

ISIS Strategy

Stakeholders: United States and IsisForeground: The Artist put both the Isis terrorists and their victims in the fore-ground of the picture, making the eagle obviously bigger and more opposing. Background: In the background you see sand dunes, and desert style landscape, indicating that America will take the fight to them.Active: AmericaPassive: IsisSympathetic/Unsympathetic: The cartoon is unsympathetic to the Isis terrorists, obviously intending to make them feel small. Primary Emotion: intimidation

What stakeholders are not included in the image? The people on the ground in the Middle East are not being represented. We see how Isis is terrorizing the United States but not really what is happening directly over there. We also don’t see President Obama directly despite the fact that the cartoon is referencing his speech.

What is the message of the image? The overall message of the image is that the US is not going to back down. That we are strong and we want to be seen that way. The message is represented perfectly by Obama’s quote in his interview with 60 minutes, ““If you threaten America you will find no safe haven.” We are bringing the fight to them.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? This bias is obviously on the side of the United States. It’s obvious that the cartoon-ist wants the United States to win this war.

Analysis: This cartoon uses exaggeration to make the eagle look huge compared to the terrorists. It also uses symbolism in the eagle using it to represent the United States. The terrorists are actually exaggeratedly smaller and made to look kind of kidish, small and timid. This increases the idea that the US is stronger and more powerful than Isis and will not back down to the treats.

Sources: http://www.nytimes.com/video/world/middleeast/100000003107090/obama-addresses-the-na-tion-about-isis.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2014/09/10/politics/transcript-obama-syria-isis-speech/

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: LandonPublication: Indianapolis StarDate: August 25, 2014Cartoonist: Gary VarvelU.S./International: USTitle of cartoon: If ISIS Were CancerCartoon#: 3

Tone of the cartoon:This cartoon is framed positively, is supportive of supporters, and opposed to opponents.

Action/Context analysis: This cartoon is structured in three windows, essentially a before-and-after arrangement labeled as Cancer, Treatment, and Remission. Under the Cancer title is a figure clearly representative of ISIS: a man in black clothes with his face covered, holding a knife and standing in the desert, likely based on a similar photograph of the ISIS member who beheaded James Foley. Treatment is an explosion labeled KA-BOOM, exactly where the ISIS figure was standing, and Remission is a little fizzle of smoke, all that’s left after blowing ISIS to smithereens. The message is clear – drop some bombs and boom, problem solved. This cartoon is most likely a reference to Obama’s labeling of ISIS as a cancer. The president said, referring to ISIS, “Govern-ments and peoples across the Middle East, there has to be a common effort to extract this cancer so it does not spread,” (Obama Urges Action).

What “reality” is being constructed/framed about your issue? The reality be-ing constructed is that ISIS will be an easy target to destroy. All it will take is some countries willing to call in some airstrikes and the “cancer” will be cured.

If ISIS Were Cancer

Stakeholders: Primarily ISIS, then US and coalition members as involved members in combat.Foreground: The ISIS figure himself, dressed in black, his face covered, holding and knife and wearing a gun across his shoulder.Background: Empty desert, giving only a general indication where this is supposed to be taking place.Active: Clearly the party dropping the bombs is the active aggressor.Passive: The passive party is ISIS, who’s getting blown up. This does not, however, construe ISIS as a “victim.” It’s clear that the cartoonist is not sympathetic to the ISIS cause.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: Sympathetic to the US led coalition, and to military action against ISIS.Primary Emotion: Vindication

What stakeholders are not included in the image? The stakeholders not included are the specific people bombing ISIS. If the point is to call out those people and get them to act, it should be made more clear who is being called out. Also, there are no references to other countries or people involved, like the local Syrians and Iraqis who could be caught in the crossfire.

What is the message of the image? ISIS is a problem with an easy solution. We should get it over with, through the quickest, most efficient way possible – bombing the hell out of them.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? There are clear American biases here, not only in the perspectives and attitudes regarding ISIS but in the self-sure belief that America will prevail by dint of it’s being America, the ever-justified and omnipotent military superpower.

Analysis: This cartoon is effective in that it is undeniably simple, following an obvious analogy of ISIS as a cancer, and so cannot be misinterpreted by audiences. It also employs clear symbolism, as the black robed figure is now becoming representative of ISIS throughout the media. It’s interesting to note that although the figure is also armed with a gun, the cartoonist pictured the knife much more prominently, held in the man’s hand while the gun is slung across his back. This may be in reference to the beheadings which were carried out with knives, but, given the diminishing attitude of the cartoon, is also diminishing toward ISIS, showing them as equipped with medieval weaponry and archaic practices. The knife itself is tiny, representing ISIS’ “junior varsity” status. Labeling is used through denoting each panel as cancer, treatment, and remission, bringing both humor and Obama’s speech into the piece. However effective the organization is, the metaphor is largely ineffective. Referring to ISIS as a cancer is actually very apt. Like cancer, it’s a mysterious, malignant force that we don’t know much about. Also, while cancer does have treatments, it would be hard to argue there is a cure. Cancer, all too often, is lethal, just like ISIS, and hard to track. Lastly, even though a cancer may go into remission, there’s always the chance of it coming back. All of this ev-idence together contradicts the reasoning that ISIS will be an easy fix, and actually implies, to the thoughtful consumer, that this issue will be just the opposite - a long, painful, and complex issue that may take years to resolve.

Sources: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/20/obama-urges-action-halt-isis-cancer-uk-steps-up-fight-jihadis

Aug.25 http://www.indystar.com/story/opinion/cartoons/2014/08/25/cartoonist-gary-varvel-isis-cancer-treatment-remission/14576009/

Coalition Against Isis

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: AshlynPublication: Cagle CartoonsDate: 8/27/14Cartoonist: Paresh NathUS/International: International Title of Cartoon: “Coalition against ISIS”Cartoon #: 4

Action/Context Analysis: This cartoon consists of 9 fighter jets chasing after a small truck. The jets represent the coali-tion against ISIS, and the truck represents ISIS itself. It is clear that ISIS does not stand a chance against the coalition in this cartoon. The context behind it is that there are so many countries joining to-gether to fight ISIS, such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Jordan, Egypt, Qatar, Iraqi Kurdistan, Bahrain, United Kingdom, Australia, France, Germany, Canada, and The Netherlands (Fantz, 2014). It seems that by their num-bers alone, the coalition should easily be able to take down ISIS.

Tone of the cartoon:The cartoon is framed positively, and is supportive of supporters and opposed to opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The reality of “Coali-tion against ISIS” is that the grand coali-tion will easily destroy ISIS.

Stakeholders: The “grand coalition” against ISIS; ISISForeground: There are 9 large aircrafts chasing after a small truck that represents ISIS. Active: The coalition of allies is the active agressor.Passive: ISIS is the passive victim. Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: This cartoon is sympathetic towards the Grand Coalition, and antipathic towards ISIS. Primary emotion: Confidence

Which stakeholders are not included in the image? It doesn’t say the specific countries that are involved in the coalition against ISIS.

What is the message of the image? The message of this image is that with the amount of countries joining together to fight terrorism, ISIS doesn’t stand a chance of surviving.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The image is biased towards the abilities of the coalition, and against that of ISIS.

Analysis:It is interesting to see an international perspective on the current strategy in place to combat the threat of ISIS. Paresh Nath is the publisher and Editor-in-Chief of India’s leading magazine publisher (The Caravan, 2014). This cartoon is clearly in support of the work of the coalition, and you can tell that Nath has a lot of confi-dence in them. Nath uses 9 fighter jets to symbolize the coalition of nine countries against ISIS, and a small truck to symbolize ISIS (Cooper 2014). They are labeled respectively. This is significant because it shows how much power the artist thinks the coalition has over the Islamic State. However, Nath is using exaggeration to portray this, because it is not likely that anyone would spend the time and resources on nine fighter jets to fight off one measly truck.

Sources: http://caravanmagazine.in/profile/388Picture Links:http://www.kiiitv.com/story/26536073/who-is-doing-what-in-the-coalition-battle-against-isis (the map)http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2014-09-04%2Fever-wonder-what-black-and-white-isis-flag-means&h=0&w=0&tbnid=RnD9r5-4PX8YGM&zoom=1&tbnh=174&tbnw=290&do-cid=9lMqtsXNMJYovM&tbm=isch&ei=lgpcVML8CcvvigLYg4GwDw&ved=-0CAQQsCUoAA

Aug. 27 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/coalition-against-isis/

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: Logan Publication: politicalcartoons.comDate: Sept. 5, 2014Cartoonist: Daryl CagleUs/International: USTitle of cartoon: Media pushes toward WarCartoon#: 5

Tone of the cartoon:The cartoon uses negative framing and is opposed to supporters and supportive of opponents.

Action/context analysis:The day this cartoon was published, the New York Times reported Obama’s enlisting nine allies in the fight against ISIS (nytimes.com). The reaction of this newly-formed coalition brought news coverage from numerous major outlets, flooding the news with every angle of the ISIS threat (cbsnews.com, msnbc.com).

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue?This cartoon aims to expose the media frenzy over ISIS, showing a pack of re-porters physically pushing the President toward a sign labeled “war”. The reporters’ insistence causes Obama’s to voice his reaction about the media jumping imme-diately to war.

Media Pushes Toward War

Stakeholders: US media, the President, US allies, ISIS. Foreground: The entire cartoon takes place on one plane, the media on the left shoving the President to the right.Background: NoneActive: The reporters acting on Obama, impatient for the President to decide on a plan for ISIS.Passive: The President appears to be resisting the pushy reporters.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: Slightly sympathetic to Obama, who is really the victim of the media in this cartoon.Primary Emotion: Impatience

What stakeholders are not included in the image? US allies, anything representing ISIS, troops.

What is the message of the image? The frantic media is hungry for war, whether it’s for more sensational news or more opportunities to criticize how Barack Obama is handling foreign affairs.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? It’s assumed by the visual representation of the media that they are all heartless and essentially hoping for a war wish ISIS. The illustration of a thoughtless mainstream media is an exaggeration.

Analysis:Obvious labeling of war on a sign in the direction the media is pushing Obama is added to by the panting mob of reporters. The depiction of the reporters in this frenzied light is an exaggeration, as it seems to say the media wants a war for self-ish purposes. A typical caricature-typ drawing of Obama being pushed along and stating the press may be getting ahead of him completes the cartoon’s statement that the media is covering the ISIS threat as though it’s an all-out war before any real action-plan has been set forth.

Sources: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/06/world/middleeast/us-and-allies-form-coalition-against-isis.html?_r=0http://www.cbsnews.com/news/top-isis-lieutenant-abu-hajar-al-sufi-may-have-been-killed-in-u-s-airstrike-in-iraq/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/isis-action-puts-some-democrats-bind

Sept. 5 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/media-pushes-toward-war/

Coding Sheet:

Team Member name: Ashlyn Publication: InToonDate: 9/3/2014Cartoonist: Mike Keefe US/International: USTitle of Cartoon: “ISIS vs Western Mo-dernity”Cartoon#: 6

Action/Context analysis: In this cartoon, there is a member of ISIS holding a large, bloody knife who is saying “We reject western modernity!”. Behind him, there are two more members of ISIS; one is holding a high-tech, modern camera, and the other is saying “Now get that message on youtube!”This cartoon came out one day after Steven Sotloff ’s beheading video surfaced on the web (Daily Mail, 2014). It appears that they just completed killing someone, as their knife is covered in blood. ISIS is known for using video as a form of mass communication. They have posted videos of them beheading other journalists, as well as videos of them making threats or saying whatever else they want the world to know. However, ISIS is completely against the western, materialistic, modern way of life.

Tone of the cartoon:This cartoon is framed negatively, and the framing is opposed to supporters and supportive to opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The reality of the car-toon is that ISIS is going against every-thing they claim to stand for. They are hypocrites, and recognizing that makes them seem less scary.

Stakeholders: ISIS; Youtube Foreground: In the foreground, there is one member of the Islamic State who is supposed to be “Jihadi John”, the executioner in all of the videos that ISIS has released (Daily Mail, 2014). Background: The background contains 2 more members of ISIS who had just filmed what is presumed to be an execution--possibly the beheading of Steven Sotloff. Active: ISIS is the active aggressor, as they are getting ready to broadcast some-thing they had just filmed.Passive: The passive victim is Steven Sotloff, and anyone who will be exposed to the video they’re going to post on Youtube. Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: This video is unsympathetic towards ISIS. It’s basi-cally calling them hypocrites. Primary emotion: Mocking

Which stakeholders are not included in the image? People who will watch the video; journalists who risk being beheaded by ISIS.

What is the message of the image? This image denounces the credibility of ISIS by calling them out on their hypocritical ways. It uses humor to make them seem like less serious of a group.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? There is a strong bias against ISIS.

Analysis:It is safe to assume that Mike Keefe drew his inspiration of “ISIS vs Western Mo-dernity” from the video of Steven Sotloff getting beheaded. People were generally angered, saddened, or horrified by the video, yet Keefe chose to approach this cartoon with humor. A typical editorial tool employed in this cartoon is exaggeration. Jihadi John was drawn as this huge, towering man, and he was given a devil tail to show how we perceive him as evil. He is labeled as “Islamic State” because he symbolizes all of ISIS. The irony in this cartoon as that it depicts them criticizing “western moder-nity”, but also consuming it. They are using a high-tech camera to film themselves, and they are planning on uploading the video to Youtube. By pointing this out, Keefe makes them look foolish.

Isis vs Western Modernity

Sources: http://beforeitsnews.com/tea-party/2014/09/isis-beheads-second-us-journalist-steven-sotl-off-report-9214-2536154.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/11097837/Jihadi-John-known-to-MI5-but-may-never-be-brought-to-justice.htmlhttp://wp.production.patheos.com/blogs/deaconsbench/files/2014/09/beheading-of-Ameri-can-Steven-Sotloff.jpg

Sept. 3 http://intoon.com/cartoons.cfm/id/135486

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: LoganPublication: Cagle cartoonsDate: Sept. 30, 2014Cartoonist: Olle JohanssonUs/International:USTitle of Cartoon: Obama trying to dis-arm ISISCartoon #: 7

Action/Context Analysis: Following news of the US’ billion-dollar attack ISIS (cnn.com), this cartoon shows Obama’s efforts to “degrade and destroy” ISIS being either ineffective, short-sighted or both (nbcnews.com). The lone statement of the comic about not knowing how long it will take to neutralize ISIS is especially biting, since the nation has been a part of drawn-out overseas conflicts for over a decade. The prospect of starting a new crusade with no end in sight is the car-toonist’s main point.

Tone of the cartoon:The cartoon uses negative framing and is opposed to supporters and supportive of opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue?The cartoon aims at creating an image of ISIS as if it were a monster, and though it isn’t harming Obama the message is not supportive of the president. Despite easily removing a few teeth from the monster, the comment about not knowing how long it will take to make ISIS harmless shows the situation as something that can’t be so easily fixed.

Obama trying to disarm Isis

Stakeholders: President Obama, the American people, ISIS, allies of the US.Foreground: Barack Obama and the monster labeled ISIS sit in the foreground, demanding the attention.Background: The background, which could’ve easily been left blank, has been shadowed in black and purple to add to the fearsome ISIS alligator. The darkened background darkens the entire tone of the illustration.Active: President Obama removing ISIS’ teeth.Passive: The alligator isn’t putting up a fight, but doesn’t appear incapacitated in any way.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: Unsympathetic towards Obama. Primary emotion: Pessimism.

Which stakeholders are not included in the image?US troops, US citizens, those directly affected by ISIS.

What is the message of the image?ISIS won’t be overtaken easily, and there is no telling how long it will take to disable them.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The purpose of the comic is to convey the fact that there is no quick solution to ISIS, so the bias is one of assuming ISIS is truly a monster to be reckoned with.

Analysis:Obvious labeling on the alligator projects ISIS as an enormous monster, which is also a clev-er use of analogy. Obama is labeled as well, despite appearing as his standard overly-racial looking cartoon self. Obama’s features are exaggerated, as is the size of the alligator to make a point about ISIS not being an easy thing to dispatch; on the day this cartoon ran, CNN broke a story about Obama spending $1 Billion on the first wave of attacks on ISIS (money.cnn.com), perhaps influencing the artist’s cynical take on Obama’s plan to destroy them.There is possible symbolism in the artist’s use of an alligator specifically, as giant alligators growing extraordinarily large in the sewers is a common urban legend. Perhaps the car-toon is meant to enforce the idea that ISIS has been growing for some time right in front of Obama’s nose and only now has it begun to demand attention.

Sources: http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/30/news/economy/isis-cost/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/why-obama-administration-keeps-saying-de-grade-destroy-n201171http://www.byebyedemocracy.org/2014/10/obamas-anti-isis-campaign-stands-on.html http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/wild/built-for-the-kill/photos/crocodile-jaws/

Sept. 30 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/obama-trying-to-disarm-isis/

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: Landon PozernickPublication: Cagle CartoonsDate: September 25, 2014Cartoonist: Daryl CagleUS/International: USTitle of Cartoon: Obama Transforms Into BushCartoon #: 8

Action/Context Analysis: The action de-picted here is a strobe-like representation of Barack Obama gradually transforming into his predecessor, President George W. Bush. This change, though visually represented as a physical one, is all political. The implica-tion is that Obama, like his predecessor, is getting drawn into a middle eastern conflict, and despite their differing political parties, attitudes, and times of service, Obama’s terrorism response will also be to embroil America in another long, bloody, expensive, and largely ineffective conflict. In response to these concerns, Obama has made promises that no American soldiers will be deployed on the ground in a combat capacity, his “no boots on the ground,” policy (Christopher). Despite his reassurances, there are still many similarities between the two campaigns. Obama himself references 9/11, saying, “Tomorrow marks 13 years since our country was attacked” (Christopher). Now, much like Bush, he’s embarking on a counterterrorism program that will take America back to the Middle East. It seems his previous political stances have very suddenly reversed, and whereas Obama’s policies have largely been ones of non-involvement, this case is dif-ferent, and he has engaged fully in the fight against ISIS, declaring that the American strategy will be to “degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counterterrorism strategy” (Chris-topher).

Tone of the cartoon:This cartoon frames the issue positively, is supportive of supporters, and is opposed to opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? This cartoon constructs a scenar-io in which Obama is becoming increasingly like the former president George Bush, either choosing or being forced into another Iraq war debacle, where terrorists kill Americans and America responds in kind.

Sept. 25 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/obama-transforms-into-bush-2/

Obama transforms into Bush

Stakeholders: The stakeholders are primarily American. They include the American people, principally as taxpayers, the American military, the American government, and more than anyone else, Obama himself, whose presidency may, like Bush’s, be defined by his middle eastern policies. Background: There is really no visual background in this cartoon, everything occurs within a single plane. This is actually an effective visual rhetoric, a concise way to represent a complicated issue in simple terms. It isn’t necessary to actually draw all the factors and context to make this point, not when Bush’s example is so available in the public mind. Through this comparison, Cagle can summarize the immensely complex issue of a problematic anti-terror campaign, and apply it to Obama’s policy.Active: The prejudicial audience reaction would probably be to label Obama as the active mem-ber of this graphic, based on the logic that, if he’s becoming more like Bush, that change is due to his policy, and he’s the one who makes his policies. However, the cartoonist does not depict Obama as actively trying to become more like Bush, but rather, as simply being “turned into” Bush whether he likes it or not.Passive: Taking the perspective described above, Obama might actually be considered the passive party, as his situation forces him into a role that he didn’t ask for but can’t avoid. The implication, it seems, is that the situation defines the part a president plays, whether it be Bush, Obama, or anyone else. Sympathetic/Neutral/Unsympathetic: The tone of the cartoon is fairly neutral, simply an observation of similarity that leaves the interpretation up to the audience. It doesn’t specifically say that being like Bush is bad, in fact, if someone supports Bush’s policies on Iraq, then maybe Obama’s new direction is a good thing. It’s up to the audience to decide.Primary emotion: The primary emotion involved in this cartoon is wariness. Cagle doesn’t ex-plicitly advise against engaging with ISIS, but he is reminding the public of the Iraq conflict only a short while ago, and recommends caution be taken. Which stakeholders are not included in the image?As mentioned above, this cartoon is a simplification of an issue. It only depicts Obama and Bush, without bringing in any dialogue or other perspectives, and so fails to represent everyone involved. This doesn’t necessarily weaken the argument, but it does skip over the secondary investors, which include the American public, the other leaders within the government who also hold power, other coalition countries, and the local populations of Iraq and Syria who stand to lose the most. Again, this is just one take on the subject, but it is still making an American issue out of an international concern. What is the message of the image?The message of this piece is that, much like President Bush did in the early 2000’s, Obama is getting involved in a Middle Eastern terror based issue that may turn out bigger than expected. The cartoonist is urging Obama and the rest of America to be careful and consider the past, as this conflict may entail many of the same ramifications as the Iraq war. Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? This cartoon is verbally neutral, but there seems to be a slight bias against “becoming Bush.” Perhaps it’s in the way that the two are drawn. As Obama becomes Bush he gets smaller and smaller and his eyes become close together and askew, resulting in a general depiction of dishev-eled incompetence.

AnalysisAn obvious tool being employed in this cartoon is exaggeration. Both figures depicted are US presidents, likely the most caricatured figures of our time, Presidents Bush and Obama. Typi-cal of these caricatures, Obama is drawn with an overly large nose, lanky arms, big “black” lips, and of course, the omnipresent trademark, Obama’s prominent ears. Bush is also pictured with exaggerated features, including a bulbous nose, Dumbo ears, and beady, close-together eyes. It’s interesting to note how much shorter Bush is than Obama in the cartoon, appearing almost dwarflike next to his successor. This may also include some stylistic reference to the famous diagram of Darwinian evolution, except that in this case the figure is regressing to a previous state, which might explain Bush’s almost monkeyish features. It is ironic that Obama might end up being seen as remarkably similar to Bush, at least in this arena, despite the recency of the last conflict, their opposing political parties, and in spite of the experiences America has just under-gone in Iraq.

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: Ashlyn Publication:Date: September 11, 2014Cartoonist: Bruce PlanteUS/International: USTitle of Cartoon: “Eye on the Ball”Cartoon #: 9

Action/context analysis: In this cartoon, Obama is looking frazzled while playing a game of golf. However, this is not a regular game of golf because the golf ball represents Isis, and there is a missile in Obama’s bag. He is shown thinking “Keep your head down...keep your eye on the ball...right elbow straight...follow through...only 2 more years left.” This cartoon was drawn the day after Obama gave a speech that stated his plan on how to combat Isis, stating that “we will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy” (Obama, 2014).

Tone of the cartoon:The issue is framed negatively, and the framing is opposed to supporters and supportive of opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The reality of the image is that Obama is not as invested in the issue with ISIS as he should be. He needs to take more responsibility.

Stakeholders: The obvious stakeholders in this cartoon are Obama and ISIS.Foreground: The stakeholders are displayed in the foreground of this image. Obama is getting ready to “tee off ” ISIS.Background: The background contains Obama’s golf bag with a fighter jet in it.Active: Obama is the active aggressor.Passive: Isis is the passive victim.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: The cartoon is supposed to make you feel antipathy towards Obama.Primary emotion: Contempt.

Which stakeholders are not included in the image? Americans; The next Presi-dent; Anyone who will be affected by Obama’s counterterrorism strategy (ie Syria, Iraq) What is the message of the image? This image is criticizing Obama’s approach towards the situation with Isis. It suggests that he is more concerned with his in-volvement in the situation than actually resolving it. He just wants to get through the next 2 years so that someone else can deal with it.Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? This image is biased against they way Obama is handling ISIS.

Analysis:As you can see in the cartoon, Obama is depicted playing golf in what appears to be desert-like conditions, perhaps to represent the landscape of where the war is taking place. The golf ball is labeled as ISIS, and Obama is getting ready to take a swing at it. However, it seems pretty ironic that the fight against ISIS is being rep-resented as a game of golf. This is a serious, dangerous issue, and golf is supposed to be an activity of leisure. There is something to be said about why Bruce Plante chose to have Obama golfing in this cartoon. According to obamagolfcounter.com, he has played 192 rounds of golf since he became president. This has been the cause for a lot of criticism. For example, in regards to ISIS, Obama played golf almost immediately after the beheading of James Foley (Foster, 2014). He received a great deal of flack because of this. In Peter Foster’s words, Obama appeared to be using golf as a way to “check out” of his presidential responsibilities. Plante is playing off of these crit-icisms in his cartoon, and adding criticisms of his own.Obama’s facial features are exaggerated, and his tongue is sticking out which makes him appear to be unintelligent. A thought bubble above his head says “Keep your head down...keep your eye on the ball...right elbow straight...follow through...only 2 more years left.” This suggests that Obama doesn’t care that much about the issue, because it makes it seem like he only cares about making it out of his presidency alive. In the background, there is a golf bag with fighter jet inside of it. This symboliz-es the airstrikes that Obama has promised to deploy against ISIS. He has already administered at least 150 strikes (Obama, 2014). It seems like Plante wanted to convey the message that Obama is catering to his own needs while keeping the possibility of airstrikes in his back pocket, or his golf bag.

Eye on the Ball

Sources: http://obamagolfcounter.com/http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/10/politics/transcript-obama-syria-isis-speech/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/11080525/Obama-playing-golf-af-ter-Foley-beheading-was-bad-optics.html

Sept. 11 http://www.cagle.com/news/obama-golfs/page/2/

Strange Bedfellows

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: Ashlyn Publication: Cagle CartoonsDate: September 28, 2014Cartoonist: John DarkowUS/International: USTitle of Cartoon: “Strange Bedfellows”Cartoon #: 10

Action/context analysis:In this cartoon, Hassan Rohani, Barack Obama, and Bashar al-Assad are all crowded together in a bed labeled “war”. They all look uncomfortable, and Obama has a thought bubble above his head that says “And we shall never speak of this again!”. A member of ISIS can be seen looking in at them through a window while holding a knife.ISIS is a terrorist organization that is in Iraq and Syria. Because this group is a threat to the US, Obama has to work with Hassan Rohani from Iraq and Bashar al-Assad from Syria to come up with a plan to fight them. However, the three countries are not enthusiastic about working together. For example, Rohani mocked Obama’s counterterrorism strategy, and said that the US would not accomplish much if they aren’t willing to sacrifice (Weinstein, 2014). According to Rohani, the Islamic State is a result of the United States and other entities meddling with conflict in Syria for the last 3 years, so it makes sense that he and al-Asshad aren’t thrilled to be teaming up directly with Obama (Gladstone, 2014).

Tone of the cartoon:There is a negative framing of the issue, and it is opposed to supporters and sup-portive of opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The reality of this im-age is that Iran, Syria, and the USA do not want to work together.

Stakeholders: The stakeholders in this cartoon are Iran, USA, Syria, and Isis.Foreground: In the foreground, Hassan Rohani, Obama, and Bashar al-Assad are all crowded in a bed together under a blanket that says “war”. Obama is shown thinking “We shall never speak of this again!” All of them look uncomfortable.Background: In the background, you can see a member of Isis glaring at the three of them while holding a knife. Active: The active aggressor is the ISIS member, because he is looking in on them undetected while holding a knife.Passive: The passive aggressors are Rohani, Obama, and al-Assad, because they are all in bed, which is a vulnerable position.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: The cartoon is sympathetic towards Iran, Syria, and the USA because it shows how they are all uncomfortable with the idea of having to work together.Primary emotion: awkward, uncomfortable

Which stakeholders are not included in the image? American, Syrian, and Irani-an people; anyone who will be affected by this war against ISIS.What is the message of the image? This image suggests that Iran, Syria and the US are being forced to work together to fight Isis, and none of the countries are happy about it.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? There is an American bias against Syria and Iran portrayed in this image.

Analysis:This cartoon by John Darkow depicts a scene in which Barack Obama, Hassan Rohani, and Bashar al-Assad are stuck in bed together. This is ironic because it is known that they don’t necessarily like each other. The three of them are all labeled as their respective countries while lying under a blanket that is labeled “war”. They are being watched by a man who is labeled as “ISIS”. The sharing of the bed sym-bolizes how the three countries have to work together to keep the Islamic State under control. Obama’s thought bubble and their facial expressions show that they are uncomfortable doing so. It’s kind of like the three of them are having a one night stand, and vowing to never talk about it again. Their facial features are very exaggerated; they all have large ears, noses, and long, oval faces. The member of ISIS has huge eyes.

Sources: http://dailycaller.com/2014/09/17/iranian-president-mocks-obama-when-we-say-the-red-line-we-mean-the-red-line/http://www.nytimes.com/news/un-general-assembly/2014/09/25/hassan-rouhani-hints-at-isis-and-nuclear-gaps-to-be-bridged/?_r=0

Sept 28. http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/strange-bedfellows-2/

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: LoganPublication: Minneapolis Star TribuneDate: Sept. 11, 2014Cartoonist: Steve SackU.S.Title of cartoon: Isis WarCartoon# 11

What action is taking place in the cartoon? President Obama is taking Uncle Sam’s bare foot and putting it into the quicksand representing ISIS.

What is the context?At the time this cartoon was published, bama had recently given a speech indi-cating plans to “degrade and ultimately destroy ISIS,” which clashed with his pre-vious plans to begin vacating the middle east.

Tone of the cartoon:Negative framing of the issue opposed to supporters and supportive of opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue?The cartoon is emphasizing the US in-volvement in yet another international conflict despite efforts to tone down our nation’s presence overseas. Depicting ISIS as quicksand illustrates Obama’s urging of the nation (Uncle Sam) into another prolonged conflict without a clean way out of it.

ISIS War

Stakeholders: The primary stakeholders in this cartoon are ISIS, President Obama, the US military and its leadership, and the United States as a whole.Foreground: The focus of the cartoon is on Uncle Sam and the Prsident, both noticably uneasy with the prospect of venturing into the quicksand.Background: The empty background keeps the focus on the two characters and could potentially indicate a desert environment.Active: Obama is acting on Uncle Sam, representing the nation.Passive: The passive victim is the Uncle Sam character being forced into the quicksand.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: The cartoon appears fairly neutral, as Obama is shown trying to deal with the ISIS threat and still keep to his promises about boots on the ground. The cartoon shows the President in a sympathetic light, being in an impossible decision. How-ever, it also shows him basically dragging the United States into another conflict. Primary emotion: Helplessness.

Which stakeholders are not included in the image? American troops whose boots will actually be on the ground, those already affected by ISIS in foreign countries.

What is the message of the image? The primary message is directed toward a nation supposedly leaving middle-eastern conflicts behind. President Obama aiming to in some way stick to his goal to avoid more boots on the ground has him resorting to removing Uncle Sam’s boot in some sort of loophole. The ISIS war, symbolized by quicksand, threatens to pull Sam into a drawn-out conflict which the nation is already tired of.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The cartoon is biased against the President, displaying the contrast of his promises to get US troops out of the middle-east after years of endless fighting and his newly-stated declartion to find and destroy ISIS.

Analysis:Though certainly meant to call attention to the President’s decision to engage ISIS over-seas and therefore continue US involvement in the middle-east rather than bringing troops home, the cartoon isn’t entirely unsympathetic to Obama. He is shown wearing an expression of resignation and anxiousness, mirrored by Uncle Sam, who is symbolic for the country as a whole. Obama’s features exaggerate his ears, nose and chin, enhanc-ing the usual ethnic stereotypes used when depicting Obama. The cartoon sympathizes with Americans sick of the war in the middle east with no discernable end, using that sentiment to emphasize the ISIS conflict’s potential to pull the the nation into a conflict President Obama would rather not be a part of. Obvious labeling and symbolism is used to describe the ISIS war in the form of a quicksand pit.

Sources: http://www.gimpusers.com/system/tutorial_steps/2549/desert_sands.jpghttp://www.chicagonow.com/dennis-byrnes-barbershop/files/2014/09/boots.jpghttp://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-says-it-again-no-ground-troops-in-iraq/http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2014/10/03/if-us-is-serious-about-defeating-isis-obama-must-put-boots-on-ground/http://nation.foxnews.com/2014/09/21/obama-under-pressure-break-no-boots-ground-pledge

Sept. 11 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/isis-war-2/

ISIS War

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: Landon PozernickPublication: Hajjaj Brothers Creative Pro-ductionsDate: October 15, 2014Cartoonist: Osama HajjajInternationalTitle of Cartoon: ISIS WarCartoon #: 12

Tone of the cartoon: The cartoon is framed negatively and is op-posed to the supporters and supportive of the opponents.

Action/Context Analysis: This cartoon depicts an F-16 fighter jet, clearly labeled with a “US”, dropping bombs toward a target, presumably ISIS. The bombs, however, are transforming into bubbles, bursting harm-lessly before impact, implying that coalition airstrikes, represented by primarily American forces, are ineffective, and are doing no real damage to the target. This cartoon comes in the light of recent strikes against ISIS targets by the US and the “grand coalition” who have begun executing limited strikes against the terrorist group, trying to balance effec-tive involvement with Obama’s declaration that, “It will not involve American combat troops fighting on foreign soil” (Christopher). Obama makes it clear that, while this is a US led effort, the offensive comprises a “broad coalition” of nations. This coalition, accord-ing to NBC, is made up of many nations including contributions from Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, France, Australia, Jordan, Bahrain and more. France, Jordan, Bahrain and others have actually taken part in the airstrikes (McClam and Williams).

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The “reality” constructed by this cartoon is that airstrikes against ISIS are ineffective. Whether or not the strikes are actually doing anything isn’t discussed in terms of fact or news reports, it is simply posited as such through a simple image. This is one of the limitations of cartoons. They have to be kept simple and straightforward, while still being clever and opinionated, which doesn’t leave a lot of room for explanation or argument. In this case, the dearth of actual evidence leaves the question totally open to audience interpretation. The statement is clear, but the evidence is not.

Stakeholders: The primary stakeholders in this cartoon are ISIS, the US military and its leadership, and those being victimized by the undeterred Islamic State. Background: The background is made up of clear blue sky, which, combined with the round, innocuous bubbles, belies the actual violent nature of an airstrike, trivializing the action, and creating a diminishing picture of foreign intervention (a single aircraft dropping bubbles), ultimately suggesting that the US and others are not taking the issue seriously, and need to step up their game. Active: At first glance it would appear that the US plane is an active aggressor, but it’s difficult to define an aggressor without there being a victim, and with the incompetence of the airstrike depicted in the cartoon, there really isn’t a victim. That’s the point being made, that nothing is really happening, despite the air force efforts.Passive: In a way, the passive party in this cartoon is the US. The plane’s target is spe-cifically not depicted, showing a single plane alone in the air, dropping nothing at more nothing, entailing a campaign that is lost and directionless. Sympathetic/Neutral/Unsympathetic: This cartoon is mostly unsympathetic, particularly regarding the US intervention effort, which is portrayed as small-scale and comically futile. On a secondary level, it is sympathetic towards local victims of ISIS, who are no better off with the “aid” they are receiving. Primary emotion: The primary emotion elicited by this image is Frustration – frustra-tion at the lack of organization in coalition efforts, at the lack of intel on ISIS, and most of all, at the fruitless airstrikes. Which stakeholders are not included in the image? The only party actually depicted in the image is the US, which is clearly labeled. In this way the cartoonist puts blame directly on America, without necessarily including the other countries involved. It also may indicate a view of the US as politically egocentric, perhaps saying that the US sees itself as the only important factor in defeating ISIS, or indicating that the US is con-cerned with saving face, making a demonstration of effort, but not actually concerning themselves with effectiveness of their efforts. What is the message of the image?The overall message is that US airstrikes are ineffective against the current ISIS threat, and need to be increased or improved to the point that they are actually accomplishing something. It insinuates that, despite foreign interven-tion, ISIS is undeterred and will continue to carry out its aggressions unchecked. Also, it may be proposing that, despite President Obama’s “no boots on the ground” policy, that may be exactly what’s needed. Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? A specific bias is not immediately ap-parent, though a general international attitude prevails – whatever the bias is, it doesn’t come from the US government.

Analysis: There is not a very established symbolism in this image beyond the obvious representation of military force by the aircraft and the symbol of ineffectiveness pre-sented by the bursting bubbles. There is not much in the way of exaggeration. There are only a few objects in the image, and the plane itself is depicted realistically enough to determine the model. On the other hand, this cartoon epitomizes the visual rhetoric of irony. Defining irony as “results turning out different from expectations,” we see a clear cut example of the above. An airstrike denotes expectations of violence, of explosions and mayhem. The last thing the audience expects are harmless soap bubbles popping. As far as labeling goes, there is one simple instance: the plane has a clear US written on the tail, defining the airstrike as American. Lastly, though not necessarily an established, idiom-atic one, this cartoon represents some form of simile, specifically that the air strikes and bombings are as harmless as soap bubbles. The plane is not a simile or metaphor, it sim-ply is what it is, a military aircraft, or perhaps a metonymy of the entire military effort.

Oct. 15 http://www.cagle.com/2014/10/isis-war/

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: LoganPublication: Tulsa WorldDate: Aug. 25, 2014Cartoonist: Bruce PlanteU.S./International: InternationalTitle of cartoon: Sponsored by RansomCartoon#: 13

Action/context analysis:The simple comic references the tens of millions of dollars paid to ISIS in ransom money (nbcnews.com) which has only been used to perpetuate ISIS’ agenda and given further incentive to capture others to be held for ransom. The week after this cartoon was published, David Camer-on told fellow european leaders to cease such payments, as they were only hurting themselves (dailymail.co.uk).

Tone of the cartoon: This cartoon uses negative framing and is opposed to supporters and supportive of opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue?The cartoon emphasizes the huge source of income ISIS receives from ransoms demanded of european nations (nbcnews.com). The image doesn’t use anything besides a depiction of an ISIS radical and a note to make its statement.

Stakeholders: European nations, David Cameron, foreign journalists, victims of ISIS kidnappings.Foreground: An Isis radical wearing all black stares directly at the viewer with a hard expression. Next to him is the note explaining the european nations’ ransom money’s role in ISIS.Background: A desert setting indicative of the middle east.Active: This cartoon draws its impact from the lack of action; the stare from the ISIS member is the focal point of the illustration.Passive: The ISIS member is unmoving and nothing is happening in the back-ground.Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: Unsympathetic towards the European nations who have paid ransoms or the lives saved by ransom dues.Primary emotion: Shock

Which stakeholders are not represented in this image? Those held by ISIS who were ransomed, any US representation.

What is the message of the image? The message of the image says the amount of money ISIS has made off of cap-turing foreign citizens has not only funded their efforts, but also given reason to continue capturing foreigners. The astronomical amount of money is meant to jump out, as it is a simple image with only the information found in the not by the ISIS member’s head.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The artist obviously does not favor paying off ISIS for the lives of captured indi-viduals, a moral dilemma with no apparent right answer. The US, who received a ransom notice for the since-executed James Foley and refused to pay it (nytimes.com), has a stance on paying ransoms that isn’t echoed across the globe.

Analysis:The image is powerful in that it’s uncomplicated. The cartoon drawing of the ISIS member is intended to be imposing, staring directly at the viewer. The la-beling of the ISIS member is probably unnecessary, but assures that the artist’s point is being made. There is no analogy or symbolism in the image, rather it is a straight-forward statement against the ransoms paid by european nations and the negative consequences associated with it. In a way, the words themselves contain some degree of irony in that to save lives, european nations have paid a group of known radicals money which in turn has been used to harm even more people.

Sponsered by Ransom

Aug. 25 http://www.cagle.com/2014/08/sponsored-by-ransom/

Sources: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/world/middleeast/isis-pressed-for-ransom-before-killing-james-foley.htmlhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2742272/Cameron-tells-European-leaders-good-word-stop-funding-ISIS-ransom-payments.htmlhttp://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/deep-pockets-dark-goals-how-will-isis-keep-funding-terror-n187296http://humancapitaladviser.com/?p=1166http://www.nowtheendbegins.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/isis-islamic-state-says-will-raise-flag-of-allah-in-the-white-house-sharia-law.jpg

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: Emily Publication: Investors Business Daily Date: Sept. 7, 2014Cartoonist: Michael RamirezU.S./International : InternationalTitle of cartoon: Allah Save the Queen Cartoon#: 14

Action/context analysis: In this cartoon British Prime Minister Davis Cameron, is making a speech from notes labeled, “Brits in Isis.” Behind him hangs a flag that reads, “Allah save the Queen.” He is saying out loud that there may be a problem with this situation. On Sept. 4, the prime minister gave a speech to other leaders of NATO urging them not to pay ransoms for their kidnapped citizens stating that, “There is no doubt in my mind that the many tens of mil-lions of dollars that ISIL has raised from ransom payments is going into promoting terrorism.” Cameron went on to say that it is not lack of sym-pathy on the matter that has caused his stance, but a hope to protect members of his country and oth-ers. He said, “What matters is not your signature on a declaration, but not letting money be paid to terrorist kidnappers because that money goes into arms, it goes into weapons, it goes into terror plots, it goes into more kidnaps.”According to a report from CBS news DC on Aug. 21, many european countries and private business-es are paying ransoms to Isis for the safe return of their citizens that are being captured and tortured abroad.After the American journalist James Foley was beheaded it came to light that the man who per-formed the act, was identified as a British citizen by Prime Minister David Cameron (TheGuardian, 2014). Prof Peter Neumann, director of the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, at King’s College London said British fighters have been performing these acts for over a year, but this was the first time the victim was American. He said, “It’s not significant that British fighters have been beheading and torturing because that’s been hap-pening for a year and a half. The significant thing is that this was an American and was connected to a direct message that ‘we are targeting you’.” This puts another tone on the cartoon that there have been Brits taking part in this for a long time and only now taking a stand against is is definitely too late.

Tone of the cartoon: The framing of this cartoon is negative, and it is opposed to the supporters and supportive of the opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? It is stating that by paying the ransoms to save their people’s lives the Brits are contributing to the problem and are participating as part of Isis themselves.

Allah Save the Queen

Stakeholders: Great Britain and IsisForeground: The man giving the speech with his notes labeled “Brits in Isis”.Background: British flags and the banner that says, “Allah save the Queen” as well as what looks like parliament chambers. Active/Passive: This cartoon is pointing out that the British government has been passive about this issue for too long. And now that they are being active about it it’s a bit too late. Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: This cartoon is completely unsympathetic to the Brits and the fact that they are trying to do their best. Primary emotion: sarcasm

Which stakeholders are not represented in this image? The people who are hav-ing the ransoms paid for them, as well as the actual Isis terrorists. What is the message of the image? The image is saying that while the intentions of the Brits to save their people by paying the ransoms were good,negotiating with the terrorists only encouraged them and helped to fund their reign.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? There’s an obvious bias toward the opinion of not negotiating with terrorists. It is obvious through the speech bubble, “We may have a problem here” and the fact that God is replaced by Allah on the banner that the bias is against paying for the ransoms anymore and helping to fund the terrorists. The fact the Allah is replacing God also shows a bias against Middle Eastern people.

Analysis: The artist of this cartoon used exaggeration with his caricature of Cam-eron, enlarging his forehead, his nose and his chin. They also copied the expres-sion that Cameron has in pictures from his speech while making it look silly and serious at the same time. The artist is using the labeling of the banner and the title of the notes to mock Cameron a little, stating that the speech was a little too late and the problem has already gotten to big and will cost to many lives. There are Brits not only as victims in this situation but also as violent aggressors. Through the Allah Save the Queen banner is an exaggeration and a joke, it brings up the serious issue that many countries paying these ransoms is just going to contin-ue to fund this horrible war and these terrorist crimes, and that there are British citizens actively participating in the violence. The artist uses irony with the banner by pointing out that the problem is already pretty big, but Cameron is only now pointing that out and probably should have a long time ago.

Sources: http://washington.cbslocal.com/2014/08/21/cbs-news-multiple-kidnappings-for-ransom-bring-isis-funding/http://rt.com/uk/185272-cameron-isis-ransom-hostage/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/20/isis-militant-islamic-state-james-foley-guards-britishhttp://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-uk-cameron-not-be-cowed-by-isis-ahead-of-nato-sum-mit/http://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/article9692294.ece/binary/original/web-camer-on-getty.jpghttp://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/517554/David-Cameron-British-Isis-fighters-enemy-UK

Sept. 7 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/allah-save-the-queen/

Coding Sheet:Team Member Name: EmilyPublication: Minneapolis Star Tribune Date: Sept. 2, 2014Cartoonist: Steve SackU.S./International: InternationalTitle of cartoon: Isis SwarmCartoon#: 15

Action/context analysis: In this cartoon a swarm of scorpions labeled Isis is crawling across a globe. It is labeled global swarming. One of the scorpions has a bloody knife for a stinger indicating the knife that Isis uses to behead their victims. On Sept. 2 a video of a second US journalist, Steven Soltloff, was posted on YouTube by the terrorist group Isis. That day, Jen Psaki, the spokesperson for the US Department of State made the statement, “We’ve seen reports of a video that purports to be the murder of U.S. citizen Steven Sotloff by ISIL. The intelligence community will work as quickly as possible to determine its authenticity. If the video is genuine, we are sickened by this brutal act taking the life of another innocent American citizen. Our hearts go out to the Sotloff family and we will provide more information as it becomes avail-able (Psaki, 2014).” The Institute for the Study of War posted on their site on Oct. 8 a summary of the war from Sept.1 through the beginning of Oct. stating that Isis is not being contained and is moving into Anbar and threatening Baghdad from the west. The site states, “As of October 7, ISIS controls most of the territory between Qaim on the Syrian border and Abu Ghraib, only 40 km from Baghdad. ISIS has con-ducted a sophisticated campaign in Anbar Province over the past four weeks in order to capture additional cities in the Euphrates River Valley.” The cartoon is sending the message that Isis is going to keep advancing and is going to keep beheading people as well as continue to be a threat.

Tone of the cartoon:This cartoon has negative framing, that is positive toward the opponents and negative toward the supporters.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The artist is saying that Isis is going to continue to advance and that it is a big problem.

Isis Swarm

Stakeholders: Isis and the rest of the worldForeground: The west side of the world is still clean and scorpion free, but they are slowly advancing. Background: The scorpions are so thick in the background that it is just starting to look like a black mass. Active: Isis is actively moving forward in the cartoon. Passive: The rest of the world is just sort of letting the mass of scorpions continue to move. Nothing is stopping them. Sympathetic/Unsympathetic: This cartoon is unsympathetic toward Isis, it is making peo-ple feel afraid of them. Primary emotion: fear

Which stakeholders are not represented in this image? The people from all of the different countries who are affected by Isis are not shown, effectively making Isis and their swarm look even more intimidating since no one is stopping them.

What is the message of the image? This cartoon is trying to tell us that Isis is a big deal and are only going to continue to spread if someone doesn’t do something about it. The artist shows Isis as being unopposed pointing out the issue that the terrorists are still spreading despite efforts to stop them.

Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The artist has a bias toward Isis as a big deal. It also shows a bias against the Middle East showing the people coming out of there as scorpions, a rather unpleasant bug.

Analysis: This cartoon uses the analogy of comparing Isis to a swarm of scorpions to repre-sent the fact that they seem to have a never ending supply of people. They are swarm-like, when you kill some of them there are just more. It also uses symbolism by displaying Isis as scorpions, an insect commonly found in the deserts Middle East, so it shows them as a scary swarm of unpleasant bugs coming out of the Middle East, where Isis is mainly resid-ing. They use labeling to name the swarm Isis and they also used a play on the term ‘global warming’ to label the cartoon “Global Swarming.” Many people are worried about global warming and climate control and the cartoonist is calling them out a little bit, saying that we might have bigger problems on our plates here. The artist also used symbolism by making the poisonous stinger on one of the scorpions to represent the knife that they use to behead their victims.Scorpions use their stinger to inject poison into their prey to weaken them, so the artist could be saying that Isis is using their beheadings to emotionally weaken their enemies.

Sources: http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isis-advances-anbar-september-1-octo-ber-7-2014http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2014/09/231216.htmhttp://www.breitbart.com/Big-Peace/2014/09/03/4-Sep-14-World-View-ISIS-and-Saudi-Arabia-in-the-Mideast-realignment

Sept. 2 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/isis-swarm/

Coding Sheet:Team Member name: Landon PozernickPublication:Date: September 25, 2014Cartoonist: Cameron CardowUS/International: USTitle of Cartoon: Saudi Arabia AttacksCartoon #: 16 Action/Context Analysis: This cartoon is a straightforward accusation of Saudi Arabia for putting oil revenue above lives of ISIS victims and international security, stereotyping the Saudis as greedy capitalists who care only about money and who leave problems to others to be fixed. This cartoon comes in response to Saudi reluctance to enter the conflict, despite calls from America and other nations to send aid. There is also reference in the cartoon to Saudi policy on criminals, a justice system that frequently holds public beheadings, not to mention the floggings and amputations also common to the kingdom. This year alone there have already been 59 Saudi beheadings, causing widespread concern among humane societies, and earning the capital city’s square the prefix “chop chop”(Giovanni). It should be noted, however, that Saudi Arabia has joined the cause, “[taking] part in at least two rounds of airstrikes and has agreed to hosting Ameri-can training of the so-called moderate Syrian rebels” (McClam and Williams).

Tone of the cartoon: This cartoon is framed negatively, is opposed to supporters, and is supportive to opponents.

What “reality” is constructed/framed about your issue? The reality constructed here is that Saudi Arabia is not concerned with what’s happening outside Saudi Arabia, even regarding atrocities like the murders commit-ted by ISIS, unless those events concern oil or money. In this reality, Saudi Arabia very enthusiastically joins the coalition, but only with the knowledge that Arab oil revenue is being jeopardized by the terrorists.

Saudi Arabia Attacks

Stakeholders: Stakeholders involved are, obviously, the Saudi Arabians, who are invested, quite literally, in the fortunes of war. Beyond them there are the Americans and other coalition forces whose load would be lightened if shared by the Saudis, the members of ISIS, and as always, the actual victims of conflict, the local populations of middle easterners affected by the Islamic State.Background: There is no visual background, only blank white, but here it might be good to note that this cartoon is arranged in panel format, with four of the five panels demonstrating the reluctance of Saudi Arabia to get involved with ISIS, building up to the fifth panel, which portrays the sudden Saudi enthusiasm at the news that ISIS is stealing oil revenue. Active: The active member of this cartoon is a disembodied voice trying to spur Saudi Arabia into action, citing the conflict in Syria and Iraq and the atrocities committed by -ISIS. Passive: Saudi Arabia, represented by a typical black-bearded man in a turban and robes, is initially the passive audience, but suddenly becomes active in the last panel with a rousing Allah Akbar! in defense of oil revenue.Sympathetic/Neutral/Unsympathetic: The cartoon is Unsympathetic towards Saudi Arabia, which is rendered as uncaring, impersonal, and callously selfish. The country’s “talk to the hand” attitude is presented as especially egregious, given in the in text references to the deaths of Syrians and Iraqis as well as the victims of beheading. Primary emotion: Despite the humorous conclusion, the principal emotion involved is anger. This anger is directed at oil-rich Saudi Arabia, due to their representation as cold, inhuman, and mercenary. Which stakeholders are not included in the image? The amorphous voice pursuing the Saudi is specifically disembodied, remaining ambiguous. This ambiguity reflects the fact that not only Saudi Arabia is involved with ISIS economically. The rest of the world depends on oil as well, including America, and is impacted by ISIS economically, but no mention is made of them. What is the message of the image? The cartoon censures Saudi Arabia for its reluctance to engage and ally with other nations opposing ISIS, as well as criticizing them for their supposed monetary motivations. It urges Saudi Arabia, and transitively, other nations, to get involved with a growing concern, making ISIS the world’s problem, not just the Middle East’s, based on humanistic morals. Which biases, if any, are conveyed by this image? The bias seems to be a Western one. Logi-cally, it would follow that whoever is pursuing Saudi Arabia is someone already involved in the fight against ISIS, therefore, one or more of the nations involved in the coalition, specifically an American. This is backed up in the cartoon, as the Saudi man retorts, “Get the Americans to do it.”

Analysis: The primary tool illustrated here is symbolism. The symbol here is mostly the attire the man is portrayed in, which is typical Middle Eastern wear: a black robe, white keffiyeh, and an agal. The man has a beard and is wearing some kind of glasses, which may be a reference to King Abdullah, Saudi Arabia’s leader, who also has a beard and wears glasses. This symbolism allows the figure to easily represent Saudi Arabia and hence its political stances. The other major tool utilized is irony, which is present through the man’s contradictory responses. It’s ironic that, where we would expect Saudis to be concerned about their “brothers in Iraq and Syria” they show none at all, but that, on the fourth and least important point of concern, the money, Saudi Arabia becomes very concerned and animated about joining the cause.

Sources: http://www.newsweek.com/2014/10/24/when-it-comes-beheadings-isis-has-nothing-over-sau-di-arabia-277385.htmlhttp://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/which-countries-are-doing-what-isis-coali-tion-n212596

Sept. 25 http://www.cagle.com/2014/09/saudi-arabia-attacks/

Cartoonists use a wide variety of angles to explore the ISIS con-flict and its effects on the US and foreign nations. Some draw atten-tion to the president’s follies, others poke fun at the media and a few bring the seriousness of the issue to the forefront of their illustrations with no trace of humor involved. Consistently, Barack Obama and politicians in general are de-picted as out of touch with the public, either out of arrogance or igno-rance. Several of our chosen examples put Obama on display as the catalyst for the entire ISIS mess. The media itself also tends to be depicted negatively, usually in packs of featureless, unfeeling reporters chasing drama and war. ISIS is consistently shown in all black, either imposing and ominous or harmless and fleeing depending on the context of the cartoon. Some artists prefer using humor as a tool to convey a message about ISIS without losing touch with the public. Others use the shock value of a frightening statistic to prove a point with little help from their illustration at all. Cartoons seemed to always come back to three major inspira-tions; American successes and failures involving ISIS, international involvement, and Barack Obama in particular. The end result is a medium that, despite its exaggerations, over-sim-plifications and biases, provides a desperately needed perspective on a serious issue. The lens through which cartoonists portray inter-national conflicts like ISIS is imperfect, yet the artist’s images often contain truths either too biting or too opinionated to be expressed in traditional print. This perspective attracts the eye of a passive reader and explains an issue of importance in an amount of time fitting to today’s general attention span, and brings what would otherwise be overlooked news into the public discussion.

Conclusion

Compiled by: Emily Duke, Logan Jones, Ashlyn Rogers &

Landon Pozernick

Isis Crossword

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Citations Cont.

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Citations Cont.