Carmin Spanish 2 Grammar Book

19
Spanish 2 Grammar Book Carmín Martin

Transcript of Carmin Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Page 1: Carmin Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Carmín Martin

Page 2: Carmin Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Table of contentsSer............Estar..........……Verbs like Gustar...Hacer Expressions...Pretérito...........Trigger Words.....Car Gar Zars......Spock Verbs......Cucaracha Verbs.....DOPs...............IOPs...............Commands..........Irregular commands...Snakes..............Snakeys..............Se impersonal.........

123456781011121314151617 Words in red are Examples. Words in light

blue are infinitive verbs.

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SER

DescriptionsOriginCharacteristicsTimeOccupationRelationships

PossessionEventsDates

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Estar

HealthEmotionsLocationPresent conditionING (ar–ando, er/ir–-

endo/-yendo)

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Verbs Like Gustar

Doler (o→ue)FascinarMolestarEncantar

FaltarImportarDisgustarInterestar

Me disgusta el espinago.

Nos molesta Justin Bieber.

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Hacer Expressions

Hace + time + “que” + conjugated verb

Hace dos días que corro.(English: It has been 2 days since I ran.)

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Preterito

-e / -í -amos / -imos

-aste/ -iste

¡Esto es el preterito!

-ó/ -ió -aron/ -ieron

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Trigger Words• Ayer• Anteayer• A las ocho*• El miercoles*• El día anterior• El lunes* pasado• El fin de semana*• Ayer por la mañana

• El otro día • Una vez• Esta tarde*• Esta noche*• Entonces• Desde el primer

momento• Durante dos siglos*• En ese momente• Hace dos* días

*Changes with time/day/month/year/time period

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-Car -Gar -Zars

Only change in the “yo” form.-Car → -qué-Gar → -gué-Zar → -cé

Comencé la prueba.

Jugaron fútbol.

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Spock” Verbs “

DA

R

VERIR

SER

HACER

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“Spock” Verbs (cont’d)

Fui Fuimos

Fuiste Ir y Ser

Fue Fueron

D/V -i D/V -imos

D/V -iste Dar y Ver

D/V -io D/V -ieron

Hice Hicimos

Hiciste Hacer

Hizo Hicieron

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Cucaracha VerbsAndar →Estar →Poder →Poner →Querer →Saber →Tener →Vener →Conducir →Producir →Traducir →Decir →Traer →

Anduv-Estuv-Pud-Pus-Quis-Sup-Tuv-Vin- Conduj- Produj- Traduj-Dij-Traj-

-e -imos

-iste Cucaracha

-o -ieron

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DOPs• Direct Object

Pronouns• Go before the

conjugated verb• Can only hook onto

the conjugated verb in 3 instances:1. Infinitive2. Affirmative

Commands3. Gerunds (-ing

verbs)

Me Nos

Te DOPs

Lo/La Los/Las

Cómalo. No lo comió.

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IOPs• Indirect Object

Pronouns• ALWAYS also have

a DOP and ALWAYS go before the conjugated verb AND DOP.

Me Nos

Te

Le* Le*

* Changes to ‘se’ when using a third person DOP (lo/los or la/las)

Me lo di.

Se lo leyó.

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CommandsTu affirmative Command:Simply drop the ‘s’

Ud./Uds. Affirmative Command:

1. Put it in the ‘yo’ form2. Change to opposite

vowel

Tu Negative Command:1. Put in ‘yo’ form2. Change to opposite

vowel3. Add an ‘s’

Ud./Uds. Negative Command:Same as Ud./Uds. Affirmative Command

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Irregular Commands• TVDISHES:• Tener → Tenga Dar→ Dé • Vener → Venga Ir → Vaya • Sea → Ser • Hacer → Hago• Estar → Esté

• Saber → Sepa

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Snakes

Dormí Dormimos

Dormiste

Dormir

Durmio Durmieron

Pedi Pedimos

Pediste

Pedir

Pidió Pidieron

For Snake verbs, the first vowel in the third person changes. For ‘dormir’, the ‘o’ changes to a ‘u’. For ‘pedir’, the ‘e’ changes to an ‘i’.

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Snakeys

Snakey verbs are verbs that change the second ‘e’ in the verb. These go into verbs such as leer, creer, oir, etc. For first and second person, the second ‘e’ changes to an ‘i’, and in third person, the ‘e’ changes to a ‘y’. Leí Leímos

Leíste Leer

Leyó Leyeron

Creí Creímos

Creíste

Creer

Creyó Creyeron

Oí Oímos

Oíste Oir

Oyó Oyieron

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Se Impersonal

In order to not specify who is doing the action of the verb, ‘se’ is used. The verb ALWAYS needs to be in third person, and can be used in all tenses.

Se corre en el parque. Se comío la hamburguesa.