Spanish grammar book22222

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Spanish Grammar Book Valentina Krysiak P.1

Transcript of Spanish grammar book22222

Page 1: Spanish grammar book22222

Spanish Grammar Book

Valentina Krysiak P.1

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Table of Contentstabla de contenidos

Title Page

Table of contents

Present (ar, er, ir)

Stem changers

irregular “yo”

Saber Vs. conocer

reflexives

“se” impersonal

dipthongs with accents

verbs like -ger/-gir, -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir

hace+___+que+___

imperfecto

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Present (-ar, -er, -ir)

yo- onosotros- amos

tú- asvosotros-

aís

el, ella,

usted- aellos, ellas,

ustedes-an

o emos

es éis

e en

o imos

es ís

e en

-ar -er -ir

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stem-changersSome spanish verbs are called stem-changers because when they are conjugated, the stem changes.

e -> Ie

empiezo empezamos

empiezas empiezan

empieza empiezan

empezar

the stem-changer only changes to -ie in the

‘boot’.

o -> uealmorzar

amuerzo almorzamos

amuerzas almuerzan

almuerza almuerzan

take the last letters off and whatever the accent falls on on

the root word, change it to the according letter.

e -> iconseguir

consigo conseguimos

consigas consigan

consige consigan

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irregular “yo”

it is a stem-changer in the “yo” form word,with the adding of a

“g”.

poner -> pongo

traer -> traigo

valer -> valgo

salir -> salgo

Hacer -> hago

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saber vs. conocerThe verb you choose depends upon the context in which it is used. These verbs are

not interchangeable.

To express knowledge or

ignorance of a fact or information

about something

use saberTo say that one is or is not

acquainted with a person, a

place, or an object

use conocer

EXAMPLE: Juan sabe donde está María.Juan knows where Maria is.

EXAMPLE: Yo no conozco a María.I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria.

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reflexivesA verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same

I wash myself.subject: Iverb: washobject: myself

When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."

lavarto wash (non-reflexive)

lavarseto wash oneself (reflexive)

To conjugate reflexive

verbs, you need "reflexive

pronouns." Reflexive

pronouns are put before

the verb, while the ending

"se" is dropped and the

verb is conjugated

normally.

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“se” impersonal

Verbs are always 3rd person singular and are commonly followed by a direct object.

se + 3rd person singular

Se habla español aquí.

No se permite fotos aquí.

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diphthongs with accents

Diphthongs happen when an unstressed "i", "u", or "y-endings" appear next to other vowels in the same syllable. Their vowel sounds do not change. They blend together to form a single syllable.

When there is a written accent over the letter "i", the diphthong is "broken" and the two vowels are pronounced separately.

Example: baile muerto

seis

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“-ger/-gir”, “-uir/-guir”, “-cer/-cir” verbs

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hace+____+que+_____

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imperfectothe imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed- use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end

To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:

aba ábamos

abas abais

aba aban

To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:

ía íamos

ías íais

ía ían