Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information...
Transcript of Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information...
![Page 1: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Home 1
Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information Processing Approach
James P. Sampson, Jr., Robert C. Reardon,
Gary W. Peterson, and Janet G. Lenz
Florida State University
Copyright 2003 by James P. Sampson, Jr., Robert C. Reardon, Gary W. Peterson, and Janet G. Lenz
All Rights Reserved
![Page 2: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Home 2
Chapter Six
Using the Career Thoughts Inventory to Measure Career
Choice Readiness
![Page 3: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Home 3
Chapter Organization
• Background of the CTI
• Use of the CTI and the CTI Workbook
• CTI Case Studies
• Development of the CTI and the CTI Workbook
![Page 4: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Home 4
Background of the CTI
• A theory-based assessment and intervention resource intended to – Improve the quality of career decisions made by
adults, college students, and high school students
– Improve the quality of career service delivery
• A self-administered, objectively scored 48-item measure of dysfunctional thoughts in career choice
![Page 5: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Home 5
Components of the CTI
• Traditional assessment components – CTI Test Booklet and Professional Manual
• Learning resource component – CTI Workbook
![Page 6: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Home 6
Goals of the CTI
• To link the test booklet and workbook to help clients and practitioners make more efficient use of their time
• To more effectively incorporate assessment concepts from the test booklet into interventions from the workbook to promote change
![Page 7: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Home
Development of the CTI & Workbook
• Theoretical basis of the CTI and the CTI Workbook – Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Theory
– Beck’s Cognitive Theory
![Page 8: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Home 8
8 CIP Content Dimensions
• To simplify instrument development, Cognitive Information Processing concepts (the Pyramid of Information Processing Domains and the CASVE Cycle) were organized into eight content domains
![Page 9: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pyramid of Information Processing Domains
EXECUTIVE PROCESSING DOMAIN
KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS
DECISION-MAKING SKILLS DOMAINS
Self Knowledge
Occupational Knowledge
CASVE Cycle
Meta-cognitions
![Page 10: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CASVE Cycle Communication
Identifying the problem - the gap
Analysis Thinking about
alternatives
Execution Taking action to narrow the gap
Synthesis Generating likely
alternatives
Valuing Prioritizing alternatives
![Page 11: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Home
8 CIP Content Dimensions
• Self-Knowledge
• Occupational Knowledge
• Communication
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Valuing
• Execution
• Executive Processing
![Page 12: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Home
Beck’s Cognitive Theory
• Dysfunctional cognitions have a detrimental impact on behavior and emotions
![Page 13: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Home
Beck’s Cognitive Theory
• Dysfunctional cognitions can be replaced with functional cognitions by
– Cognitive restructuring
– Collaborative empiricism
– Attention to emotions, and
– Development of an effective helping relationship
![Page 14: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Home 14
Assumption
• While dysfunctional thinking in career choice cannot be measured directly, it can be inferred from an person's endorsement of test items reflecting dysfunctional career thoughts
![Page 15: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Home
Career Thoughts Defined
• Outcomes of one’s thinking about assumptions, attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, feelings, plans, or strategies related to career choice
![Page 16: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Home
Use of The CTI and CTI Workbook
• A resource for – Screening – Needs Assessment – Learning
![Page 17: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Home
Screening
• CTI Total Score – Identify individuals who are likely to have career
choice problems due to negative thoughts
– Higher number of negative career thoughts – lower readiness for career choice and more need for assistance
– Lower number of negative career thoughts – higher readiness for career choice and less need for assistance
![Page 18: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Home
Screening
• CTI Total Score – A single global indicator of dysfunctional career
thoughts
– Help practitioners and clients decide how much help an individual needs
– The practitioner and client make a collaborative decision - tests do not make decisions
![Page 19: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Home
Screening
• For all normative groups, higher CTI Total scores are associated with lower scores on – vocational identity – certainty – knowledge about occupations and training
![Page 20: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Home
Screening
• For all normative groups, higher CTI Total scores are associated with higher scores on – indecision – neuroticism – vulnerability
![Page 21: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Home
Screening
• Adults with Higher CTI Total scores also tend to – have a greater need for information – be less decided – perceive more barriers to choice – be more anxious
![Page 22: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Home
Screening
• College students with Higher CTI Total scores also tend to be – less decisive and – more depressed
![Page 23: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Home
Screening
• High School Students with Higher CTI Total scores also tend to – lack self-clarity
![Page 24: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Home
Needs Assessment
• Identifying the specific nature of dysfunctional thoughts
• CTI Construct scores - Decision-making confusion
- Commitment anxiety
- External conflict
• Specific career interventions can be related to specific construct scores
![Page 25: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Home
Decision-Making Confusion
• Inability to initiate or sustain decision making due to – disabling emotions – a lack of understanding about decision
making
![Page 26: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Home
Commitment Anxiety
• Inability to commit to a specific career choice, accompanied by decision making anxiety
![Page 27: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Home
External Conflict
• Inability to balance self-perceptions with input from significant others
• Difficulty in assuming responsibility for decision making
![Page 28: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Home
Needs Assessment
• CTI Construct scores related to capability - Decision-making confusion - Commitment anxiety
• CTI Construct scores related to complexity - External conflict
![Page 29: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Home 29
Learning
• The CTI Workbook can be used in assisting individuals – to challenge and alter the specific dysfunctional
thoughts identified in the prior needs assessment process
– to take action needed to complete a career choice
• By reducing dysfunctional career thinking, clients are more likely to effectively process information needed for career choice
![Page 30: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Home
Learning
Use the CTI and CTI Workbook to help clients
– Identify negative thoughts (CTI Test Booklet)
– Challenge restructuring exercise (CTI Workbook)
– Alter thoughts restructuring exercise (CTI Workbook)
– Act by completing Individual Action Plan (Workbook)
![Page 31: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Home
CTI Workbook Sections 1. Identifying Your Total Amount of Negative Career
Thoughts
2. Identifying the Nature of Your Negative Career Thoughts
3. Challenging and Altering Your Negative Career Thoughts and Taking Action
4. Improving Your Ability to Make Good Decisions
5. Making Good Use of Support from Other People
![Page 32: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Home 32
Use of Metaphors
• Common, simple representations of concepts linked to more abstract constructs – Stone wall - impact of negative thoughts on
decision making
– Uneven stone wall - priorities for cognitive restructuring
– Cooking with a recipe - the content and process of decision making
![Page 33: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Low Amount of Negative Career Thoughts
![Page 34: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
High Amount of Negative Career Thoughts
![Page 35: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Identifying the Nature of Negative Career Thoughts
![Page 36: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Identifying the Nature of Negative Career Thoughts
Decision-Making Confusion
![Page 37: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Identifying the Nature of Negative Career Thoughts
Decision-Making Confusion
Commitment Anxiety
![Page 38: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Identifying the Nature of Negative Career Thoughts
External Conflict
Decision-Making Confusion
Commitment Anxiety
![Page 39: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Improving Your Ability to Make Good Decisions
![Page 40: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Recipe for Career Decisions
Ingredients 1. Knowledge about myself 2. Knowing my options 3. Know how I make
decisions 4. Thinking about my
decision making
Steps 1. Realize I need to make a
choice 2. Make sure I understand
myself and my options 3. Expand & narrow my
options (as needed) 4. Choose an occupation or
field of study 5. Implement my choice
Knowing Doing
![Page 41: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Home
Appropriate Users of the CTI
• 11th and 12th grade high school students • College students • Adults
![Page 42: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Home
Readability
• CTI Test Booklet - 6.4 grade level • CTI Workbook - 7.7 grade level
![Page 43: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Home
Administration and Scoring
• Review directions with the user • User completes the CTI in approximately 7-15
minutes • Practitioner completes hand scoring in 5-8
minutes – The user may complete hand scoring with
supervision in some group settings
![Page 44: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Home
Use of Terminology
• All client materials use ”negative” career thoughts instead of “dysfunctional” career thoughts
• Practitioners should also use ”negative” career thoughts instead of “dysfunctional” career thoughts
![Page 45: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Home
Diversity Issues
• Consider the impact of group membership on career choice
• The influence of age, disability, ethnicity, gender, race, sexual orientation, and socio-economic status on career thoughts can influence the complexity of career choice
• Use the CTI as a stimulus to discuss diversity issues
![Page 46: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Home
Professional Requirements
Screening, Interpretation, and Intervention • Training in human behavior, helping skills, and
assessment
• Training in career development, career services, and cognitive therapy
• Supervised experience in delivering career services
• Familiarity with the CTI, CTI Workbook, and Professional Manual
![Page 47: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Home
Professional Requirements
Screening and Referral • Training in helping skills and assessment
• Training in career development & career services
• Supervised experience in delivering career services
• Familiarity with the CTI, CTI Workbook, and portions of the Professional Manual
![Page 48: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Home
Case Studies
• Karen –38 year old female seeking assistance at a
community college (Moderate readiness) • Jeff
–20 year old sophomore seeking assistance from a college counseling center (Low readiness)
• Carmen –17 year old high school senior participating
in a classroom guidance unit (Moderate readiness)
![Page 49: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Home 49
CTI and Workbook Development
• Item selection and scale construction
• Workbook development and pilot testing
• Standardization
• Reliability
• Validity
• Utility
![Page 50: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Home 50
Item Selection & Scale Construction
• After a literature review, criteria were established for items in the eight dimensions
• An initial item pool was created based upon actual client statements from the counseling experience of the authors
• Items were administered to college students and retained on the basis of psychometric quality, freedom from gender, ethnic, or social desirability bias, item-scale reliability, and content domain coverage
![Page 51: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Home 51
Item Selection & Scale Construction
• Factor analyses revealed three interpretable factors – Decision-making confusion (14 items) – Commitment anxiety (10 items) – External conflict (5 items)
• These three factors became the three construct scales of the CTI
• Each item in each scale could also be related to the eight CIP content dimensions
![Page 52: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Home 52
CTI Workbook Development
• A cognitive restructuring exercise was created to help clients challenge and alter negative career thoughts
• Reframing stimulus statements were written for each of the 48 test items
• These statements show how negative thoughts interfere with making career decisions and provide information on how to make effective use of time spent on career choice
![Page 53: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Home 53
CTI Workbook Development
• Reframing stimulus statements were examined for potential bias regarding ethnicity, gender, disability, and age
• The exercise was pilot tested and revised
• Sections were added on score interpretation, decision-making instruction, and use of social support
![Page 54: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Home 54
Standardization
• National norms were developed for – Adults (n= 571) – College students (n= 595) – 11th and 12th grade High schools students (n=396) – Clients seeking career services (n=376)
• Little relationship was found between gender and ethnicity and CTI scores, showing that separate norms were not needed
• Creation of local norms is recommended, provided appropriate expertise is available
![Page 55: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Home
Reliability
• Internal consistency – High to acceptable Alpha coefficients
• Stability – Good to acceptable test-retest reliability for college
students and high school students
![Page 56: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Home
Validity
• Face – Relevance of items to negative career thoughts
• Content – Clear relationship to the eight CIP content areas
• Factorial – Consistent results from a series of factor analyses
• Convergent – Predicted results shown with constructs from other
measures (MVS, CDS, CDP, & NEO PI-R) • Criterion
– Ability to separate clients from non-clients
![Page 57: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Home
Utility
• Quick administration – 7-15 minutes
• Rapid scoring – 5-8 minutes
• Easy interpretation – Small number of scales and interpretative data in
workbook • Easy integration into service delivery
– CTI workbook assigned as homework • Inexpensively used
– Relatively inexpensive purchase costs
![Page 58: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Home 58
Summary
• Background of the CTI
• Use of the CTI and the CTI Workbook
• CTI Case Studies
• Development of the CTI and the CTI Workbook
![Page 59: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Home 59
Getting the Most Benefit from Reading
• Compare the CTI with another test you have used
• Use the CTI yourself and get help interpreting the results
• Complete the CTI Workbook and have a practitioner review your work
• Discuss the three case studies with a practitioner who is familiar with the CTI
![Page 60: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Home
For Additional Information
www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/
Thank You
![Page 61: Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information ...career.fsu.edu/.../application/7b2a6e9a4ceb0351f680d2a35a58c2ed.pdf · Career Counseling and Services: A Cognitive Information](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110300/5b0237077f8b9af1148f56aa/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)