Carbon cum Energy Audit Workshop Mr. Coleman Tse 27 Feb 2012.

Carbon cum Energy Audit Workshop

Mr. Coleman Tse27 Feb 2012

2

Talk Outline

Part 1 – Carbon Audit Part 2 – Carbon Reduction Label Part 3 – HKQAA Background

Carbon Audit

Part I

Introduction to:

• What is a “Carbon Audit”?

• Why should we do a “Carbon Audit”?

• How to do a “Carbon Audit”?

What is a Carbon Audit? A means of measuring (accounting or

quantification) and recording (reporting) the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions of an organisation [in tonnes of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) equivalent]

Sometimes it is called a ‘Carbon Footprint’

Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere Six internationally-recognized greenhouse

gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxides (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

Why should we do a Carbon Audit?

Global Warming is being caused by GHGs Carbon Dioxide (CO2) accounts for 84% of all GHGs

Greenhouse Gas Emission

Source: Energy Information Administration, Washington D.C. United States


Kyoto Protocol (latest ratified by UN membership in 2007) establishes targets for industrialised nations to cut GHG emissions

Industrialized countries to reduce their combined greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% compared to 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012

Carbon Audit is the first step in developing strategies to manage and reduce GHG emissions of the organization Input for setting GHG target (emission reduction, some

may lead to potential saving!)

Demonstration of corporate social responsibility

Meeting stakeholder expectation / brand value


How to do a Carbon Audit?

1. Define Organizational Boundary Decide “Where” to measure based on operations that a

company legally owned or control Two main options for consolidating GHG emission

Management Control Approach Account for all GHG emissions from facilities over which you have

operational or financial control Operational control approach most accurately represents the

emission sources that an organization can influence Wholly owning an operation, facility, building, process or project Having the full authority to introduce and implement operational

policies Licence / contract to operate

Equity Share Approach Account for GHG emissions in proportion to the % ownership

over the facility

Reporting Emission under Management Control Approach & Equity Share

Management Control Equity Share

Full ownership 100% 100%

30% owned with control of the facility (joint venture company)

100% 30%

80% owned without control of the facility (joint venture company)

0% 80%

0% owned, but operator of the facility (property management)

100% 0%

Not owned but have financial or operating lease

100% 0%

Fixed asset investment 0% 0%


2. Define Geographical Boundary Physical location, area, services, facilities, e.g. site

boundaries of building

3. Establish base year Set a base year to track emission trends Year in which Scope 1 & 2 data can be reliably

collected Single base year Average of several year Rolling base year [the base year is always last year]

How to do a Carbon Audit? 4. Define Operational Boundary The specific activities that are components of GHG emission

Scope of Control GHG Sources

1 Direct emission from source owned or controlled by the organization

Stationary sourceProcess emissionMobile sourceFugitive (leaks or venting)

2 Indirect emission from purchased electricity, gas, heating or cooling

Purchased electricityPurchased gas

3 Other indirect emission which are consequences of an organization’s activities, but arise from sources that are owned or controlled by others(optional)

Transport-related activities Outsourced activitiesWaste disposal

How to do a Carbon Audit?5. Identify GHG Sources [Example: Connie Pizza & Noodle Shop]

Scope Operation Process / Activities GHG Sources

1 (Direct) Stationary combustion

Emergency generator set Boiler for steam generation Gas cooking stove

CO2, N2O

Process emission

Solid waste treatment (food waste / oil scum / sludge)

CO2, CH4

Mobile combustion

Motorcycle for food delivery CO2, N2O, CH4

Fugitive emission

Use of refrigerant in air conditioning unit Fire extinguishing equipment

HFCs / PFCs

2 (Indirect) Electricity use Lighting / air conditioning Electricity consumption (CO2)

Towngas use Towngas for cooking & hot water Consumption of Towngas (CO2)

3 (other indirect)

Paper use Manu, bills, leaflets, printed matters CO2


6. Choosing Calculation Methodology Calculation-based approach :

Emission = Consumption (activity) x Emission Factor Direct measurement of consumption Consumption mass balance:

Total fuel used = (fuel purchased) + {(stock at beginning of year) – (stock at end of year)}

Measurement-based approach Predictive emissions monitoring system Continuous emissions monitoring system


7. Choosing Emission Factor (EF) & Global Warming Potential (GWP) Use default emission factors (EPD / IPCC)

Fuel Type Emission Factor (for stationary source) Unit

Diesel 2.641 Kg CO2 / Liter

0.0239 g CH4 / Liter

0.0074 g N2O / Liter

Global Warming Potential

Each GHG has a different ability to trap atmospheric heat, gases with high GWP trap heat better than gases with lower GWP

GWP of CO2 is used as standard, other gases can be converted to carbon dioxide

equivalent(CO2-e) units


8. Collect Data Collect annual data for each of the activities

defined: Amount of Oil / gas combusted, refrigerant leaked,

petrol used for vehicles, annual kilowatt hour electricity consumed, etc.

Receipts & bills, Purchasing records Measurement data e.g. flow meter, level gauge Maintenance records e.g. replenishment Inventory Monitoring records e.g. discharge concentration


9. Calculate Emission: Diesel used for boiler = 5000L

[CO2 Emission (tons)]:

5000 (L) x Emission Factor (kg CO2 /L = 2.641) x 0.001(ton/kg) = 13.2

[CH4 Emission (tons)]:

5000 (L) x Emission Factor (g CH4/L = 0.0239) x 0.000001(ton/g) = 0.00012

[N2O Emission (tons)]

5000 (L) x Emission Factor (g N2O/L= 0.0074) x 0.000001(ton/g) = 0.00004

Converting to CO2 equivalent:

CH4 Emission (tons) x GWP = CH4 Emissions (tons CO2 equivalent)

0.00012 x 21 = 0.0025 N2O Emission (tons) x GWP = N2O Emission (ton CO2 equivalent)

0.00004 x 310 = 0.012Total Emission (tons CO2 equivalent) = 13.2 + 0.0025 +0.012 = 13.21

10. Develop GHG Inventory [ Connie Pizza & Noodle Shop]Source / Calculation

Methodology

Emission factor Activity data required GHG emission GHG Emission

(CO2 equivalent)

Diesel use for boiler[consumption (L) x EF]

CO2 = 2.614 (kg/L)

CH4 = 0.0239 (g/L)

N2O = 0.0074 (g/L)

Fuel supplier invoice from Jan to Dec 2008 Diesel tank level record from 1 Jan & 31 Dec 08 Spillage record in 2008

5000L used13.2 + 0.0025 +0.012

13.21

Gas use for cooking[consumption (unit) x EF]

CO2 = 2.815 (kg/unit)

CH4 = 0.0446 (g/unit)

N2O = 0.0099 (g/unit)

Towngas bill from Jan – Dec 08Gas leakage report in 2008

30000 units used84.45 + [0.0013x21] + [0.0003 x 310]

84.57

Leakage of refrigerant (R-407C)[leakage (kg) x GWP]

Purchase record 2008 Disposal record Maintenance record (before/after)New equipment filling record

568 +100– 27– 632 = 9Kg leakage9 x 1526 = 13734Kg = 13.7 ton

13.7

Fuel use for motorcycle[ Petrol (L) x EF]

CO2 = 2.36 (kg/L)

CH4 = 1.422(g/L)

N2O = 0.046(g/L)

Petrol invoice from oil company of 2008

12000L petrol used28.32+[0.017x21]+[0.00055x310]

28.9

Electricity = 25000 KWhTowngas = 30000 unit

0.7 Kg CO2 / KWh

0.6 Kg CO2 / unit

Electricity bill (2008)Towngas bill (2008)

17.5 + 18 35.5

Total (ton) 175.88


11. Reporting Tota l GHG emissions

Our total carbon footprint for 2008 is 175.88 tonnes CO2e

Carbon value per employee (per job / project / department) This equates to 11.8 tonnes per full time equivalent

staff member

Power used per square foot (offices) Benchmark results inter- and intra-industry

GHG Target

GHG target is a planning tool to drive GHG reduction Examples from corporations:

Polaroid Reduce CO2 emissions 20% below its 1994 emissions by year-end 2005; 25% by 2010

Shell Manage GHG emissions at 5% or more below 1990 baseline by 2010

Intel Reduce PFCs by 10% from 1995 levels by 2010

CLP A reduction in the CO2 intensity from 0.84kg CO2 /kWh (as at 30 June 2007) to 0.2kg CO2 /kWh by 2050

Johnson & Johnson

Reduce GHGs 7% from 1990 levels by 2010

GHG Target Our target for 2009 is to reduce our carbon

footprint by 5% as compare 2008 Actions planned include:

Understanding how to obtain the greatest energy efficiency from our kitchen and dinning hall ( re-commissioned HVAC systems, window replacement for better insulation, photo voltaic installation)

Increasing our efforts to encourage maximum recycling and energy saving by staff

Investigating whether it is feasible to compost our food waste.

GHG Removal One acre of trees removes up to 2.6 tons of

carbon dioxide each year.International Society of Arboriculture

Carbon Management begins with Carbon Audit Wal-Mart found that its biggest emissions were from refrigeration of transport

fleet Walkers found that the biggest part of its crisps’ carbon footprint is the fertiliser

farmers use to grow potatoes Brewer Adnams discovered that processing a bottle accounts for the biggest

chunk of CO2.

References World Resources Institute & World Business Council for

Sustainable Development, The Greenhouse Gas Protocol – A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard

The Climate Registry, General Reporting Protocol, 2008 Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006

IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories ISO 14064-1:2006 Greenhouse Gases - Part 1:

Specification with Guidance at the Organization Level for Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals

Carbon Reduction Label2.

Carbon Reduction Label

Helps companies communicate their reduction achievement on GHG emission

Allows an organization to demonstrate its commitment to manage and reduce GHG emission


Conduct carbon audit – base year

Implement GHG reduction programs

Conduct carbon audit – current year

Measure reduction results


Self assessment

Verification and confirm measurement by HKQAA

Award of label


Application – organization, buildings, products, projects, processes

Measure, Reduce and Communicate


Act as the bridge between carbon conscious organizations and their stakeholders

3. HKQAA Background

HKQAA BackgroundHKQAA Background A non-profit independent Conformity Assessment

Body (CAB), incorporated by Hong Kong Government Industry Department in 1989 as a company limited by guarantee

A leading CAB in Hong Kong that providing 8000+ manday services per year

With over 3800 system certificates spanning over various industries & accounted for more than 50% of market share

Headquarter in HK, with offices in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Suzhou, and with representatives in US and UK

Operation in China approved by Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China (CNCA)

Organization & Management

Direct & monitor by the Governing Council that is formed by 22 reputable leaders in different sectors, such as government, buyers, suppliers, trade association, academics and professional institutions

Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society

Established HKQAA-BCS Fund (Business and Community Supporting Fund) - $10 million

Funding to support the University research of best practice of management system

Advisory role to Government in product certification & related regulation

Setup Eco-manufacturing Resources Centre & Food Safety Resources Centre to support industry for meeting green manufacturing & food safety requirements

Annual symposium, conference and seminar Provide input to support 6 pillars initiatives of HKSAR Government Assist HKSAR Government to develop assessment standard for

Red Wine Storage certification scheme Organizing Quality Building Award (QBA) Supporting the annual OHS awards that organizing by OHS Council


Participation in charity works

HKQAA-BCS Fund to support the University

research


Sponsor to HK Eco-Products Award

Support Quality Building Award


Co-organize with Government and other public bodies to organize symposiums and seminars


Different symposiums for sharing


Co-operate with cooperates to promote the

management systems

Our Clients

Public Sectors

Utility Sectors

Our Clients

Private Sectors

The End

Thank you !

Carbon cum Energy Audit Workshop Mr. Coleman Tse 27 Feb 2012.

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Transcript of Carbon cum Energy Audit Workshop Mr. Coleman Tse 27 Feb 2012.