CARBONCARBON

Radka BachratáRadka Bachratá

Tereza HalasováTereza Halasová

The essentialsThe essentials

NameName: carbon : carbon SymbolSymbol: C : C AtomicAtomic numbernumber: 6 : 6 AtomicAtomic weightweight: :

12.0107 12.0107 Group number: 14 Group number: 14 Period number: 2 Period number: 2 Block: p-block Block: p-block

Sources of carbonSources of carbon

OrganicOrganic

Limestone CaCOLimestone CaCO33

Dolomite Dolomite CaCOCaCO33.MgCO.MgCO33

Magnezite MgCOMagnezite MgCO33

AnorganicAnorganicCoalCoalNatural gasNatural gasCrude oilCrude oilcrude – surový

Modification – graphitModification – graphit Graphite has a structure Graphite has a structure

containing layers of atoms containing layers of atoms arranged at the corners of arranged at the corners of contiguous hexagons. The contiguous hexagons. The ease with which layers ease with which layers slide against each other is slide against each other is consistent with the much consistent with the much larger distance between larger distance between carbon atoms in different carbon atoms in different layers (335 pm) than layers (335 pm) than between carbon atoms in between carbon atoms in the same layer (142 pm). the same layer (142 pm).

contiguous – sousedícícontiguous – sousedící

ease – snadnost ease – snadnost

Modification – diamondModification – diamond

A diamond structure A diamond structure has a face-centered has a face-centered cubic arrangement of cubic arrangement of atoms plus more atoms plus more atoms (of the same atoms (of the same element) in half of element) in half of the tetrahedral holes. the tetrahedral holes. If the atoms in the If the atoms in the tetrahedral holes are tetrahedral holes are different, the zinc different, the zinc blende structure blende structure results. results.

zinc blende – sfalerit

Modification – fullerensModification – fullerens In the 1980s scientists In the 1980s scientists

characterized a new set characterized a new set of allotropes of carbon in of allotropes of carbon in which a large number of which a large number of carbon atoms join to carbon atoms join to make a structure make a structure resembling the stitching resembling the stitching on a soccer ball. The on a soccer ball. The molecule Cmolecule C6060 is the most is the most easily prepared of these easily prepared of these allotropes and has been allotropes and has been extensively studied. This extensively studied. This structure and that of Cstructure and that of C7070 appear below. appear below.

resembling – podobný; stitching – šití; soccer – fotbalový

UseUse Graphit has wide Graphit has wide

useage in industry a useage in industry a specialy in production specialy in production of pencils.of pencils.

Another important use Another important use is in chemical is in chemical matallurgy. matallurgy.

Natural diamonds are Natural diamonds are used for used for manufacturing of the manufacturing of the most valuable jewels. most valuable jewels.

Manmade diamonds Manmade diamonds are components of are components of cutting tools.cutting tools.

Distribution of organic Distribution of organic carboncarbon

Carbon polutionCarbon polution

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