1. 1. CAPE RACHADO -SITE ANALYSIS-
2. 2. SITE PLAN 01/
3. 3. plan/
4. 4. location plan site plan PORT DICKSON
5. 5. location plan site plan
6. 6. key plan site plan
7. 7. site plan site plan
8. 8. topography/
9. 9. contours and topographysite plan
10. 10. section/
11. 11. section a-asite plan
12. 12. section b-bsite plan
13. 13. section c-c site plan
14. 14. EXISTING STRUCTURE 02/
15. 15. concrete pathway existing structure Built all along the hiking trail from the lighthouse to the beach
16. 16. concrete pavement existing structure EPOXY COATED RE-BARS REINFORCED CONCRETE COMPACTED SUBGRADE STRENGTHS: -low maintenance -relatively high friction surface prevents slipping -provides a clean and easy path for visitors to walk on -durable especially in forests with extreme climates water resistant ! ! WEAKNESS: -surface is very likely to crack as years pass. -moss growth makes it slippery
17. 17. concrete steps existing structure REINFORCED CONCRETE EPOXY COATED RE-BARS COMPACTED SUBGRADE The materials used are similar to concrete pavement. ! The measure of the stairs are different. Stair wide are all similar, about 60cm. Stair raise range from 20cm to 50cm. Stair run range from 20cm to 50cm. WEAKNESSES: -Some stairs on site were not built according to the standard requirement. -Some of the raise is too high or stair run is too cramped, making walking difficult and unsafe. ! REASON: -It was built according to the mountain surface, causing it to go against the set requirement.
18. 18. Wood installed along certain parts of the pathway acts as a boundary to separate natural and built landscapes ! WEAKNESS: Not able the withstand climate changes, such as moisture ( grow moss) and termite attacks. Some pathways were created based on the position of rocks in the area. Visitors have to step through the stones to continue their way. STRENGTH: Preservation of natural elements, minimal destruction of nature ! WEAKNESS: Hazardous, not suitable for children and old people
19. 19. metal railings existing structure Colour: brown ! Reason: To blend in with nature. The design principle of harmony avoids conflict with colours between it and its surroundings.
20. 20. Railing Measurements ! The railings can be found along the pavement and stairs when the terrain is steeper. ! Connected by hex bold screws. ! All railings share the same measurement. Hex Hex Bolt Railing Details
21. 21. Huge space between handles: -Visitors are able to experience the texture of the plants. ! -View of natural environment not obstructed. Experience of 5 senses emphasized. ! ! Material: Steel ! Strengths: Steel lasts longer compared to wood after painted. Cost-efficient. Weather resistance, strong and durable. ! Weaknesses: Openings too big, not safe for children Steel rusts if lack maintenance metal railings existing structure
22. 22. retaining wall existing structure A short wall that spans along parts of the walkway that are very steep Prevents soil erosion and landslides that could block the pathway
23. 23. Heights are inconsistent due to steep contour of the site Slanted by 20-40 degrees inconsistently throughout the whole walkway Top of the wall carved to resemble a tree log retaining wall details existing structure
24. 24. ! ! ! Material: concrete ! material used existing structure PROS ! -Firm and steady structure that will withstand the test of time -Suitable for holding loose and wet soil -Cost efficient ! ! ! CONS ! - Easily stained by dirt and soil - Plants easily grow through the cracks that may affect the structure
25. 25. entranced gazebo existing structure It is built after the light house, the hut act as an entrance for the journey to the beach below the hill ! REASON: The boards in it display information about the birds. Visitors learn about what they are going to see before they start walking the trail.
26. 26. entranced gazebo existing structure -Equipped with information signboards about the site -Pitch shaped roof ease elimination of rainwater -Shelters visitors from rain and sunlight ! ! -In terms of form, it is a common design ! STRENGTHS: Allow visitors to be sheltered from unpleasant climate. Durable and long-lasting ! ! WEAKNESSES: Plain and boring design No seats provided
27. 27. signboards in the gazebo existing structure STRENGTHS: Allow visitors to learn about the site Reduce the plainness of the gazebo WEAKNESS: Lack of maintenance Information is not updated regularly (no improvements made)
28. 28. 2. Wood ! Subjected to corrosion Strong supporting structure Non-resistant to wet and fire ! 1.Zinc Roof Tile ! Highly resistant to corrosion Cheap, durable, light ! 3. Concrete column ! Function as supporting system Durable Resistant to corrosion 1 2 3 materiality-gazebo existing structure
29. 29. PlanFront Elevation Right Elevation drawings-gazebo existing structure
30. 30. gazebo-roofing existing structure WOODEN STRUCTURE: Strong and able to blend with the surroundings. Connected together by metal nails METAL ROOF: Shelter for visitor while raining. Save cost and light in weight, easy to install. ! STRENGTHS: Zinc roof resistant to weather Low maintenance Metal reflects heat and blocks its from heating the interior ! ! ! WEAKNESSES: Metal nails rust easily Zinc roof creates noisy sound when hit by rain. Lack light penetration Lack maintenance
31. 31. Roof Structure Type Material Timber ! Structure Tri-bearing roof trusses. ! Strength Span much longer distance Very stable and strong Cheap ! Weaknesses Timber will rot or warp, especially when exposed in natural environment Wood attracts insects invaders such as termites Suffer damage from high winds or violent weather.
32. 32. columns-gazebo existing structure Concrete column painted like wood appearance ! To synchronize with the surrounding nature ! Create the beauty rather than a plain grey column STRENGTH: As a supporting structure in the same time enhance the aesthetic of the structure. WEAKNESS: Bulky in size but overall acceptable
33. 33. curved benches existing structure Place for people to rest, sit and enjoy nature ! Located 3 M from entrance gazebo ! Facing the sea, enables visitors to see birds flying from the sea
34. 34. Curved Bench Measurements Front Elevation Side elevation Material: Concrete Strong and sturdy Low maintenance requirement Can easily withstand local weather conditions Can last very long Cost efficient
35. 35. Strength ! Accessible Placed near a place where all visitors pass by, easily spotted ! Weakness ! Damaged Cracks and signs of vandalism can be found all over the bench Opportunity ! Potential Hotspot Structures can be built here due to high accessibility and good view. ! However, tall trees blocked the view. Threat ! Vandalism Prone No security to stop hooligans from damaging public property
36. 36. observatory decks existing structure All observatory decks are located at the side of the slope facing towards the sea.
37. 37. Wooden platform is elevated based on terrain The observatory deck serves as a bird watching platform The railing is painted yellow in colour so that it attracts attention from afar Birds come from the direction of the sea into the forest, making it easier to spot them
38. 38. ! ! ! ! It is designed without a roof, so that visitors will be able to watch the birds from any direction ! Larger and further field of vision ! A platform is created by piercing the steel railing deep into the soil to strengthen the grip. ! Flat surface surrendered to pathway, pushing the deck above a slope !
39. 39. layout of the observatory deck existing structure Information rack Bench STRENGTHS: Square observatory deck maximizes space. Information rack placed in front,convenient to read. Bench located at the back to not block the other visitors who are observing the birds. ! WEAKNESSES: No rain shelter for visitors Poor maintenance: Information rack vandalised and abandoned Rusted steel and softened wood jeopardizes visitor safety !
40. 40. Observatory Deck Measurements Plan Front Elevation Right Elevation Front Elevation
41. 41. picnic tables existing structure A modifiedtablewith attached benches, designed for picnicking Signboard ! Picnic Tables ! Trail
42. 42. picnic tables existing structure MATERIALS: Wood, steel, nuts and bolts ! NUTS AND BOLTS: Made of medium carbon steel Balanced ductility Good wear resistance But rusts rather quickly Bolts Screws Wooden Panel STRENGTHS: Strong timber panels which blends in with nature. Steel can withstand a huge amount of weight. ! WEAKNESSES: Color on panels wear off the wood panels are not secure due to rusty nuts and bolts
43. 43. Picnic Table Measurements Plan Axonometric Drawing 0.3M 0.7M 1.83M 1.94M 0.4M 0.74M Front Elevation
44. 44. materiality-picnic tables existing structure Wood Metal Concrete ! ! WOOD Cheap and easy to attain. Wood protectant protects it from cracking, warping, or rotting due to moisture. The table-top and bench-top boards are attached to the trusses or beams using screws or nails. ! ! METAL Heavy, durable and require little maintenance. Stable, strong. Painted to avoid rusting. ! CONCRETE Sets the benches in place.
45. 45. colour selection ! REDDISH-BROWN Nature and down-to-earth color signifying stability, structure and support. Encourages a strong need for security and a sense of belonging, with family and friends being of utmost importance. Suits to the surroundings such as colour of soil and trees. Harmonizes with nature. YELLOW Evokes a warming effect, arouses cheerfulness Strengthens relationship between family and friends Stimulates mental activity and energy (able to continue journey after an exhausting hiking).
46. 46. beach gazebo existing structure A structure designed for visitors to rest and enjoy the view of the beach. Most of the structure were made of timber, which absorbs less heat and blends in with nature.
47. 47. 3m2m 0.9m Plan 2.1m 3m 0.6m Front elevation drawings Elevated, in case of rising sea levels and invading insects. Elements of traditional Malay architecture and ornamentation. Wooden decorative design Metal cover
48. 48. materials and colors Bench (Timber) Base (Concrete) Structure (Timber) Deck (Timber) Roof (Metal) Metal (painted blue) Able to withstand tough weather conditions. Reflects sunlight. (absorbs less heat) In correllance with the blue sea ! Timber (brown) Blends in with nature. Less heat absorbed. Gives a feeling of peacefulness and harmony. ! ! existing structure
49. 49. LANDSCAPE 03/
50. 50. dense Less dense density of greeneries landscape
51. 51. soil condition landscape Forest soil Accumulation of organic matter Low pH Low plant nutrient High clay content Mud Holds moisture Good drainage Sand Dry Insufficient nutrients Cannot transport water from lower strata longitudinal section
52. 52. Beach 1 Beach 2 Forest soil Mud Sandy soil Beach 2 condition of soillandscape
53. 53. Longitudinal section Tallest shortest height of treeslandscape
54. 54. Beach 2 Beach 1 height of treeslandscape
55. 55. Longitudinal section species of treeslandscape
56. 56. Longitudinal section H: approx. 60m ; D: 12m Large Trees Meranti Tembaga Approx. 12m
57. 57. 60m meranti tembaga ( S h o r e a L e p r o s u l a ) Greyish brown bark with shallow V-shaped fissures ! Outer Bark Dull purplish brown. Hard and brittle ! Inner Bark Dull yellowish brown ! Grows on: Flat topography Well drained soil Strongly light demanding Sapwood Pale cream Resinous ! Heartwood
58. 58. Longitudinal section H: approx. 50m ; D: 2.5m Big ass tree Meranti Seraya Approx. 18m-20m
59. 59. meranti seraya (Shorea Curtisii) 130ft Giant grey or reddish-brown bark with course fissures ! Defined as a floristic tree ! Tree as a crown appears greyish-green as stand-out among other trees of forest canopy ! Grows on: Low land/Steep land Elevation 300-800m Near sea level
60. 60. Longitudinal section H: approx. 12.5m ; D: 2.5m Arang-arang tree Approx. 12m
61. 61. Arang-arang (Diospyros spp.) 80ft Medium hardwood ! Density: 595-1,055 kg/m3 air dry ! Natural durability: lighter coloured is non durable. Darker coloured is durable ! Texture: fine and even with straight to slightly interlocked grain ! Machining property: easy to work with to produce smooth surface ! Shrinkage: high, especially in the streaky material. Radial shrinkage averages 4.7% while tangential shrinkage averages 8.7%. ! !
62. 62. Longitudinal section H: approx. 30m ; D: 0.6m Panarahan tree
63. 63. Penarahan (Myristicaceae) Straight with longitudinal fissures and dappled bark. ! Stilt roots enables growth at 100-2100m elevation ! Large elliptic leaves ! Grows on sandy soil ! Durability: Adapts to rainy weather Non resistant to growth of fungi Prone to termite attack ! Birds feed on its ripen fruits 30m
64. 64. Longitudinal section H: approx. 21m ; D: 0.75m Bintagor tree
65. 65. Bintangor (Calophyllum) Wood has a streaked, ribboned, or zig-zag grain. ! Outer sapwood Yellowish brown ! ! Sensitive to frost and fire ! Grows on: Sandy beaches Temperature moderated by the proximity of the sea and by the breezes ! Uses: Boats Furniture Medicine Massage oil ! 30m Inner sapwood Light reddish
66. 66. Longitudinal section H: approx. 30m ; D: 4m Kelat tree
67. 67. Kelat (Syzygium spp.) Medium hardwood ! popularly used as an urban landscaping plant due to its hardiness and adaptability ! Density: 495-1,010 kg/m3 air dry. ! Natural durability: Moderately durable timber Average service life of 3.3 years under natural Malaysian conditions ! Texture: moderately fine and even with interlocked, irregular or wavy grain. ! Shrinkage: high, with radial shrinkage averaging 1.9% and tangential shrinkage averaging 3.3%. ! Uses: Structural purposes Ships and boats Tramways and bridges 30m
68. 68. Longitudinal section H: approx. 30m ; D: 2.5m Karas tree
69. 69. Karas(aquilaria malaccensis) Straight and smooth-barked. sometimes fluted or with thick (10 cm) buttresses up to 2 m high ! Good smell. Contains high amount of resin ! Provides agarwood ! Grows on: Primary and secondary forests Grows well on sandy loams developed from sandstone ! 6-20m ENDANGERED SPECIES
70. 70. H: approx. 5m ; D: 0.8m Mangrove tree
71. 71. Mangrove tree (Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera) Medium height ! Salt tolerant trees (halophytes) adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions ! Adapts to low oxygen ! Adaptation to limit water loss: restrict the opening of theirstomata vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the harsh midday sun ! Grows in: Saline coastal sediment habitats ! 4-9m
72. 72. Ashen coloured water ! Land covered with sand and rocks in various sizes ! Sea snails attached onto rocks beach condition analysislandscape
73. 73. migratory bird/
74. 74. P A C I F I C S W I F T ( A p u s p a c i f i c u s ) Can be distinguished through white rump band and heavily marked under part ! Breeds in sheltered locations such as caves. ! Strongly migratory ! Call: typical swift screams but softer and less wheezy ! Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
75. 75. B A R N S W A L L O W ( H i r u n d o R u s t i c a ) Most widespread species ofswallow ! Passerine bird with blue upperparts a long forkedtail curved, pointedwings ! Uses man-made structures to breed ! Feeds on insects caught in flight ! Strongly migratory ! Call: typical swift screams ! Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
76. 76. C O M M O N S A N D P I P E R ( A c t i t i s h y p o l e u c o s ) 1820cm long with a 3235cm wingspan ! greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts, ! breeds across most oftemperateandsubtropicalEuropeandAsia ! Gather and stop overs at Palau in Micronesia departs around the last week of april ! Call: Chirp. ! Status and threats: Not considered at risk. but is a vulnerable species in some states of Australia.
77. 77. B l U E - T H R O A T E D B E E - E A T E R ( M e r o p s v i r i d i s ) Small ! Contrasting blue throat ! Long central tail streamer ! Call:Described as a liquidbe-rek,be- rek;terrip-terrip. Alarm call is a sharpchip. ! Migration: April-September. Before the arrival of Blue-tailed Bee-eater ! Status and threats: Nesting sites affected by human interuption
78. 78. B l U E - T A I L E D B E E - E A T E R ( M e r o p s p h i l i p p i n u s ) Small ! green crown and back; yellow and rufous throat; brown upper breast; underparts apple green. ! Call: Described as a liquid be-rek, be-rek; or rillip rillip rillip. ! found in scrub, mangrove, forest, cultivated areas and grasslands. ! Status and threats: Blue-tailed Bee-eaters are not considered at risk
79. 79. C H I N E S E G O S H A W K ( A c c i p i t e r s o l o e n s i s ) 3036 cm in length ! Female larger than the male ! Adult has prominent black wing tips ! Call: Vocalizes only in breeding season, especially early on; sharp "keee-keee-keee...". Generally silent. ! A bird of wooded areas. ! Status and threats: Not considered at risk
80. 80. G R A Y F A C E B U Z Z A R D 41-46 cm in length ! Call: Main call described as a peevish, whistled "whick-awee" or "pik-wee". ! Utilize rising air currents to gain altitude and cover great distances by soaring during migration ! Status and threats:Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Size and trends of populations very poorly known.
81. 81. B L A C K B A Z A ( A v i c e d a l e u p h o t e s ) Small raptor ! Often seen in groups ! Soars high in the air during the migrations. But usually, it flies low with deep wing-beats interspersed with short glides on almost flat wings. ! Call: Soft quavering, plaintive or whistling notes. Harsh squaks when in group.
82. 82. CLIMATIC STUDIES 04/
83. 83. sunpath/
84. 84. Cape Rachado is located in Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. As Malaysia is located near the equator, it allows for the location to receive more sunshine. Being close to the equator, the sun path or position does not shift much throughout the year. On the average, Malaysia receives about 6 hours of sunshine per day. However, seasonal variations may influence the amount of sunshine received. ! Sun Orientation Knowing the sun path and orientation of the site is vital to the design of the observation deck in order to control the amount and direction of sunlight entering the space. ! ! Sunrise & Sunset The site receives sunlight at around 7.13 a.m. (annual average). Most facilities are built in the area where HIGHER/LOWER light intensity is received, as shown in the diagram below.
85. 85. sunpath-january landscape
86. 86. sunpath-february landscape
87. 87. sunpath-march landscape
88. 88. sunpath-april landscape
89. 89. sunpath-may landscape
90. 90. sunpath-june landscape
91. 91. sunpath-july landscape
92. 92. sunpath-august landscape
93. 93. sunpath-september landscape
94. 94. sunpath-october landscape
95. 95. sunpath-november landscape
96. 96. sunpath-december landscape
97. 97. rain/
98. 98. wind path climatic studies Direction : South East to North West ! Wind Speed during Site Visit : 6.7mph -8.8mph ! Temperature : 25- 31 Celsius ! Slight wind can be felt at the start of the trail from Southwest as a result of Southwest Monsoon ! Stronger wind can be felt at the end part of the trail as well as the beach because of the land breeze from the sea. from southwest northeast to southwest
99. 99. wind path-southwest monsoon climatic studies Period : April to September ! Areas Affected : West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia ! Rainfall at site will be higher than normal time during monsoon season. However, the monsoon wind at site cannot be felt as the site is surrounded by trees. southwest monsoon wind
100. 100. wind path-northeast monsoon climatic studies northeast monsoon wind Period : October to March ! Areas Affected : East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia ! The site is not affected by this monsoon wind as it is surrounded with trees. Rainfall normal at site
101. 101. wind strength climatic studies weak strong
102. 102. wind analysis- trail climatic studies
103. 103. wind analysis-beach climatic studies a B ! wind blowing from southeast windy +cooling HOT+STUFFY
104. 104. land breeze and sea breeze climatic studies land breeze sea breeze The wind pattern near the beach is generated by the heat gain, heat loss, and heat storage variations between land and water.
105. 105. wind/
106. 106. average rainfall-malacca climatic studies
107. 107. average rainfall precipitation-malacca climatic studies
108. 108. average temperature-malacca climatic studies
109. 109. relative humidity-malacca climatic studies
110. 110. relative humidity-malacca climatic studies
111. 111. CIRCULATION 05/
112. 112. circulation
113. 113. circulation
114. 114. VIEWS+VISTAS 06/
115. 115. AIM #1 To look / observe a site which has more positive view and also look into the contrasting view which is the negative view. ! ! #2 To look / observe the sites through view framing from every angle and openings, panoramic view of the best angles and also view of the approaching site.
116. 116. Positive view Neutral view Negative view view analysis views+vistas
117. 117. site spots views+vistas
118. 118. STRENGTH nearest/shortest distance from standby point great view for bird watching great panoramic view good light penetration WEAKNESS forest reserve view more than sea view no proper space to view the area site 1 -observation deck 1 views+vistas
119. 119. STRENGTH very thin trees (only at this area) sunset light penetration interesting backdrop great bird watching view WEAKNESS view covered by the amount of trees quite humid steep site 2 -observation deck 2 views+vistas
120. 120. STRENGTH sound of waves can be heard more light penetration into this area thin trees which does not affect the view from top shady from the sunset sun WEAKNESS steep terrain which has higher risk for trees to fall narrow space site 3 -observation deck 3 views+vistas
121. 121. STRENGTH wide range of sea view (horizon line) view of sunrise direct access from forest trail WEAKNESS no view of sunset tide increases and covers up half of the shore in the morning site 4 -south east beach views+vistas
122. 122. Site V & VI - south west beach - STRENGTH wide area interesting 180 view breezy great sunset view WEAKNESS very rocky area 2 tombstones on top of the hill of the mini peninsular high tide covers up the shore during the night site 5+6-south west beach views+vistas
123. 123. ACTIVITIES 07/
124. 124. introduction/
125. 125. activities at tanjung tuan
126. 126. main activity zoning activities jungle trail dry activities beach wet activities
127. 127. birdwatching zoning activities 1)LIGHTOUSE- the highest viewing point of tanjung tuan. 1 2 3 3)VALLEY- an open sky clearing. 2)OBSERVATION DECK 1- an open sky clearing above the rest benches.
128. 128. birdwatching zoning activities 4)OBSERVATION DECK 2- a view of trees ahead and above. 5)OBSERVATION DECK 3- a view of trees and slope. 6)ROCKY CLIFF- a higher viewing point towards the ocean. 4 5 6
129. 129. migratory birds in cape rachado activities Oriental Honey Buzzard (from Japan) Black Baza (forests ofSouth East Asia) Chinese Goshawk (Southeast China) Blur-throated Bee Eater (Brunei,Cambodia, China)
130. 130. bird migration routes activities SIBERIA CAPE RACHADO AUSTRALIA Birds migrate from Siberia to Australia stop by Tanjung Tuan on their way. - Tanjung Tuan Rangers
131. 131. bird watching events activities Yearly event: RWW (Raptor Watch Weekend) Organised by: MNS (Malaysian Nature Society) Months: March early April Turnout: 20,000 people per day
132. 132. Bird enthusiasts gathering at the base of the lighthouse to catch a sight of the raptors.
133. 133. 1 3 2 4 meditation zones activities
134. 134. BEFORE OBSERVATION DECK 2 OBSERVATION DECK 3 BACKDOOR BEACH Skinny, straight trees Sense of verticality Spiritual and overpowering First sounds of sea waves Cooling sea breeze Small U-shaped bay Rocks frame the sea view
135. 135. Panoramic view of the sea Higher up, isolated Full sunset view rocky zone, main beach activities
136. 136. camping zone activities Flat beach to set up tent Shaded and dry for rest space Dry land for campfire CAMP SITES SHADED REST AREA
137. 137. types of fish activities Small Cuda (Barracuda) Small Snapper SHALLOW FISHING DEEP BOAT FISHINGQueen Fish
138. 138. history/
139. 139. activities OLD TRAIL
140. 140. trail timeline activities
141. 141. hotspot/
142. 142. people/
143. 143. peak seasons in a year activities
144. 144. peak hours in a day activities
145. 145. population by visitors activities
146. 146. locals activities
147. 147. foreigners activities
148. 148. population by race activities
149. 149. religion activities
150. 150. types of crowds activities
151. 151. CASE STUDY: grand canyon observation deck,arizona
152. 152. CONCLUSION/
153. 153. POTENTIAL FEATURES ! TOPOGRAPHY ! ACTIVITY ! VIEW ! CLIMATE ! CIRCULATION !
154. 154. TOPOGRAPHY ! Contours / coast Degree of slope Water level Soil type ! ACTIVITY ! Purpose of observation deck Current activities? Introduction of new concept
155. 155. VIEW ! Observation area Landscape Coverage ! Climate ! Wind Sun direction Shade
156. 156. CIRCULATION ! Areas of congestion Accessibility Private / public space
157. 157. SUGGESTIONS
158. 158. 1/ OBSERVATION DECKS PUBLIC SPACE BUSY CIRCULATION Existing vantage point
159. 159. 2/ MANGROVE SWAMP INTERESTING VEGETATION OPTIMUM OBSERVATION
160. 160. 3/ BACK BEACH HIDDEN / SECLUDED FOCUSED VIEWPOINT
161. 161. THANK YOU