Cape Rachado Reserve Forest Site Analysis

CAPE RACHADO -SITE ANALYSIS-

SITE PLAN01/

location plansite plan

PORT DICKSON

location plansite plan

key plansite plan

site plansite plan

topography/

contours and topographysite plan

section/

section a-asite plan

section b-bsite plan

section c-csite plan

EXISTING STRUCTURE02/

concrete pathwayexisting structure

Built all along the hiking trail from the lighthouse to the beach

concrete pavementexisting structure

EPOXY COATED RE-BARS

REINFORCED CONCRETE

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

STRENGTHS: -low maintenance

-relatively high friction surface prevents slipping -provides a clean and easy path for visitors to walk on

-durable especially in forests with extreme climates water resistant

!!

WEAKNESS: -surface is very likely to crack as years pass.

-moss growth makes it slippery

concrete stepsexisting structure

REINFORCED CONCRETE

EPOXY COATED RE-BARS

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

The materials used are similar to concrete pavement. !The measure of the stairs are different. Stair wide are all similar, about 60cm. Stair raise range from 20cm to 50cm. Stair run range from 20cm to 50cm.

WEAKNESSES: -Some stairs on site were not built according to the standard requirement. -Some of the raise is too high or stair run is too cramped, making walking

difficult and unsafe. !

REASON: -It was built according to the mountain surface, causing it to go against the set

requirement.

Wood installed along certain parts of the pathway acts as a boundary to separate natural and built

landscapes !

WEAKNESS: Not able the withstand climate

changes, such as moisture ( grow moss) and termite attacks.

Some pathways were created based on the position of rocks in the area. Visitors have to step through the stones to continue their way.

STRENGTH: Preservation of natural elements, minimal

destruction of nature !

WEAKNESS: Hazardous, not suitable for children and old people

metal railingsexisting structure

Colour: brown !Reason: To blend in with nature. The design principle of harmony avoids conflict with colours between it and its surroundings.

Railing Measurements

!The railings can be found along the pavement and stairs when the terrain

is steeper. !

Connected by hex bold screws. !

All railings share the same measurement.

HexHex Bolt

Railing Details

Huge space between handles: -Visitors are able to experience the

texture of the plants. !

-View of natural environment not obstructed. Experience of 5 senses

emphasized. !!

Material: Steel

!

Strengths: Steel lasts longer compared to wood after painted.

Cost-efficient. Weather resistance, strong and durable.

!Weaknesses:

Openings too big, not safe for children Steel rusts if lack maintenance

metal railingsexisting structure

retaining wallexisting structure

A short wall that spans along parts of the walkway that are very steep

Prevents soil erosion and landslides that could block the pathway

Heights are inconsistent due to steep contour of the site Slanted by 20-40 degrees inconsistently throughout the whole walkway

Top of the wall carved to resemble a tree log

retaining wall detailsexisting structure

!!!

Material: concrete

!

material usedexisting structure

PROS !-Firm and steady structure that will withstand the test of time -Suitable for holding loose and wet soil -Cost efficient

! !!

CONS !- Easily stained by dirt and soil

- Plants easily grow through the cracks that may affect the structure

entranced gazeboexisting structure

It is built after the light house, the hut act as an entrance for the journey to the beach below the hill !REASON: The boards in it display information about the birds. Visitors learn about what they are going to see before they start walking the trail.

entranced gazeboexisting structure

-Equipped with information signboards about the site

-Pitch shaped roof ease elimination of rainwater

-Shelters visitors from rain and sunlight !!

-In terms of form, it is a common design !

STRENGTHS: Allow visitors to be sheltered from

unpleasant climate. Durable and long-lasting

!! WEAKNESSES:

Plain and boring design No seats provided

signboards in the gazeboexisting structure

STRENGTHS: Allow visitors to learn about the site

Reduce the plainness of the gazebo

WEAKNESS: Lack of maintenance

Information is not updated regularly (no improvements made)

2. Wood ! Subjected to corrosion Strong supporting structure Non-resistant to wet and fire

!1.Zinc Roof Tile ! Highly resistant to corrosion Cheap, durable, light

!

3. Concrete column ! Function as supporting system Durable Resistant to corrosion

1

2

3

materiality-gazeboexisting structure

PlanFront Elevation Right Elevation

drawings-gazeboexisting structure

gazebo-roofingexisting structure

WOODEN STRUCTURE: Strong and able to blend with the surroundings. Connected together by metal nails

METAL ROOF: Shelter for visitor while

raining. Save cost and light in weight, easy to install.

!STRENGTHS:

Zinc roof resistant to weather Low maintenance

Metal reflects heat and blocks its from heating the interior

!!

!WEAKNESSES:

Metal nails rust easily Zinc roof creates noisy sound when hit by rain.

Lack light penetration Lack maintenance

Roof Structure Type

Material Timber

!Structure Tri-bearing roof trusses.

!Strength Span much longer distance Very stable and strong Cheap !Weaknesses Timber will rot or warp, especially

when exposed in natural environment Wood attracts insects invaders such as

termites Suffer damage from high winds or

violent weather.

columns-gazeboexisting structure

Concrete column painted like wood appearance !

To synchronize with the surrounding nature !

Create the beauty rather than a plain grey column

STRENGTH: As a supporting structure in the same time enhance the

aesthetic of the structure.

WEAKNESS: Bulky in size but overall acceptable

curved benchesexisting structure

Place for people to rest, sit and enjoy nature ! Located 3 M from entrance gazebo ! Facing the sea, enables visitors to see birds

flying from the sea

Curved Bench Measurements

Front Elevation Side elevation

Material: Concrete Strong and sturdy Low maintenance requirement Can easily withstand local weather conditions Can last very long Cost efficient

Strength !Accessible Placed near a place where all visitors pass by, easily spotted !

Weakness !Damaged Cracks and signs of vandalism can be found all over the bench

Opportunity !Potential Hotspot Structures can be built here due to high accessibility and good view. !However, tall trees blocked the view.

Threat !Vandalism Prone No security to stop hooligans from damaging public property

observatory decksexisting structure

All observatory decks are located at the side of the slope facing towards the sea.

Wooden platform is elevated based on terrain

The observatory deck serves as a bird watching platform

The railing is painted yellow in colour so that it attracts attention from afar

Birds come from the direction of the sea into the forest, making it easier to spot them

!!!! It is designed without a roof, so that visitors will be able to watch the birds from any direction !

Larger and further field of vision

! A platform is created by

piercing the steel railing deep into the soil to strengthen the grip. !

Flat surface surrendered to pathway, pushing the deck above a slope !

layout of the observatory deckexisting structure

Information rack

Bench

STRENGTHS: Square observatory deck maximizes space.

Information rack placed in front,convenient to read. Bench located at the back to not block the other visitors who are observing the birds.

!WEAKNESSES:

No rain shelter for visitors Poor maintenance: Information rack vandalised and abandoned Rusted steel and softened wood jeopardizes visitor safety

!

Observatory Deck Measurements

Plan

Front Elevation

Right Elevation

Front Elevation

picnic tablesexisting structure

A modifiedtablewith attached benches, designed for picnicking

Signboard !Picnic Tables !Trail

picnic tablesexisting structure

MATERIALS: Wood, steel, nuts and bolts

!NUTS AND BOLTS:

Made of medium carbon steel Balanced ductility Good wear resistance

But rusts rather quickly

Bolts Screws Wooden Panel

STRENGTHS: Strong timber panels which blends in with nature.

Steel can withstand a huge amount of weight. !

WEAKNESSES: Color on panels wear off

the wood panels are not secure due to rusty nuts and bolts

Picnic Table Measurements

Plan

Axonometric Drawing

0.3M 0.7M

1.83M

1.94M

0.4M

0.74M

Front Elevation

materiality-picnic tablesexisting structure

Wood

Metal

Concrete

!!WOOD Cheap and easy to attain. Wood protectant protects it

from cracking, warping, or rotting due to moisture.

The table-top and bench-top boards are attached to the trusses or beams using screws or nails.

!!

METAL Heavy, durable and

require little maintenance.

Stable, strong. Painted to avoid

rusting. !

CONCRETE Sets the benches in

place.

colour selection

!REDDISH-BROWN

Nature and down-to-earth color signifying stability, structure and support.

Encourages a strong need for security and a sense of belonging, with family and friends being of utmost importance.

Suits to the surroundings such as colour of soil and trees. Harmonizes with nature.

YELLOW Evokes a warming effect, arouses

cheerfulness Strengthens relationship between family and

friends Stimulates mental activity and energy (able

to continue journey after an exhausting hiking).

beach gazeboexisting structure

A structure designed for visitors to rest and enjoy the view of the beach.

Most of the structure were made of timber, which absorbs less heat and blends in with nature.

3m2m

0.9m

Plan

2.1m

3m

0.6m

Front elevation

drawings

Elevated, in case of rising sea levels and invading insects.

Elements of traditional Malay architecture and ornamentation. Wooden

decorative design

Metal cover

materials and colors

Bench (Timber)

Base (Concrete)

Structure (Timber)

Deck (Timber)Roof (Metal)

Metal (painted blue) Able to withstand tough weather conditions. Reflects sunlight. (absorbs less heat) In correllance with the blue sea !Timber (brown) Blends in with nature. Less heat absorbed. Gives a feeling of peacefulness and harmony. !!

existing structure

LANDSCAPE03/

dense Less dense

density of greenerieslandscape

soil conditionlandscape

Forest soil Accumulation of organic matter Low pH Low plant nutrient High clay content

Mud Holds moisture Good drainage

Sand Dry Insufficient nutrients Cannot transport water from lower strata

longitudinal section

Beach 1

Beach 2

Forest soilMud

Sandy soil

Beach 2

condition of soillandscape

Longitudinal section

Tallest shortest

height of treeslandscape

Beach 2

Beach 1

height of treeslandscape


species of treeslandscape


H: approx. 60m ; D: 12m Large Trees Meranti Tembaga

Approx. 12m

60m

meranti tembaga (Shorea Leprosula)

Greyish brown bark with shallow V-shaped fissures !Outer Bark Dull purplish brown. Hard and brittle !Inner Bark Dull yellowish brown !Grows on: Flat topography Well drained soil Strongly light demanding

Sapwood Pale cream Resinous !Heartwood


H: approx. 50m ; D: 2.5m Big ass tree Meranti Seraya

Approx. 18m-20m

meranti seraya (Shorea Curtisii)

130ft

Giant grey or reddish-brown bark with course fissures !Defined as a floristic tree !Tree as a crown appears greyish-green as stand-out among other trees of forest canopy !Grows on: Low land/Steep land Elevation 300-800m Near sea level


H: approx. 12.5m ; D: 2.5m Arang-arang tree

Approx. 12m

Arang-arang (Diospyros spp.)

80ft

Medium hardwood !Density: 595-1,055 kg/m3 air dry !Natural durability: lighter coloured is non durable. Darker coloured is durable !Texture: fine and even with straight to slightly interlocked grain !Machining property: easy to work with to produce smooth surface !Shrinkage: high, especially in the streaky material. Radial shrinkage averages 4.7% while tangential shrinkage averages 8.7%. !!


H: approx. 30m ; D: 0.6m Panarahan tree

Penarahan (Myristicaceae)

Straight with longitudinal fissures and dappled bark. !Stilt roots enables growth at 100-2100m elevation !Large elliptic leaves !Grows on sandy soil !Durability: Adapts to rainy weather Non resistant to growth of fungi Prone to termite attack !Birds feed on its ripen fruits

30m


H: approx. 21m ; D: 0.75m Bintagor tree

Bintangor (Calophyllum)

Wood has a streaked, ribboned, or zig-zag grain. !Outer sapwood Yellowish brown !!Sensitive to frost and fire !Grows on: Sandy beaches Temperature moderated by the proximity of the sea and by the breezes !Uses: Boats Furniture Medicine Massage oil !

30m

Inner sapwood Light reddish


H: approx. 30m ; D: 4m Kelat tree

Kelat (Syzygium spp.)

Medium hardwood !popularly used as an urban landscaping plant due to its hardiness and adaptability !Density: 495-1,010 kg/m3 air dry. !Natural durability: Moderately durable timber Average service life of 3.3 years under natural Malaysian conditions !Texture: moderately fine and even with interlocked, irregular or wavy grain. !Shrinkage: high, with radial shrinkage averaging 1.9% and tangential shrinkage averaging 3.3%. !Uses: Structural purposes Ships and boats Tramways and bridges

30m


H: approx. 30m ; D: 2.5m Karas tree

Karas(aquilaria malaccensis)

Straight and smooth-barked. sometimes fluted or with thick (10 cm) buttresses up to 2 m high !Good smell. Contains high amount of resin !Provides agarwood !Grows on: Primary and secondary forests Grows well on sandy loams developed from sandstone

!

6-20mENDANGERED SPECIES

H: approx. 5m ; D: 0.8m Mangrove tree

Mangrove tree (Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera)

Medium height !Salt tolerant trees (halophytes) adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions !Adapts to low oxygen !Adaptation to limit water loss: restrict the opening of theirstomata vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the harsh midday sun !Grows in: Saline coastal sediment habitats

!

4-9m

Ashen coloured water !

Land covered with sand and rocks in various

sizes !

Sea snails attached onto rocks

beach condition analysislandscape

migratory bird/

P A C I F I C S W I F T ( A p u s p a c i f i c u s )

Can be distinguished through white rump band and heavily marked under part !Breeds in sheltered locations such as caves. !Strongly migratory !Call: typical swift screams but softer and less wheezy !Status and threats: Not considered at risk.

B A R N S W A L L O W ( H i r u n d o R u s t i c a )

Most widespread species ofswallow !Passerine bird with blue upperparts a long forkedtail curved, pointedwings !Uses man-made structures to breed !Feeds on insects caught in flight !Strongly migratory !Call: typical swift screams !Status and threats: Not considered at risk.

C O M M O N S A N D P I P E R ( A c t i t i s h y p o l e u c o s )

1820cm long with a 3235cm wingspan !greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts, !breeds across most oftemperateandsubtropicalEuropeandAsia !Gather and stop overs at Palau in Micronesia departs around the last week of april !Call: Chirp. !Status and threats: Not considered at risk. but is a vulnerable species in some states of Australia.

B l U E - T H R O A T E D B E E - E A T E R ( M e r o p s v i r i d i s )

Small !Contrasting blue throat !Long central tail streamer !Call:Described as a liquidbe-rek,be-rek;terrip-terrip. Alarm call is a sharpchip. !Migration: April-September. Before the arrival of Blue-tailed Bee-eater !Status and threats: Nesting sites affected by human interuption

B l U E - T A I L E D B E E - E A T E R ( M e r o p s p h i l i p p i n u s )

Small !green crown and back; yellow and rufous throat; brown upper breast; underparts apple green. !Call: Described as a liquid be-rek, be-rek; or rillip rillip rillip. !found in scrub, mangrove, forest, cultivated areas and grasslands. !Status and threats: Blue-tailed Bee-eaters are not considered at risk

C H I N E S E G O S H A W K ( A c c i p i t e r s o l o e n s i s )

3036 cm in length !Female larger than the male !Adult has prominent black wing tips !Call: Vocalizes only in breeding season, especially early on; sharp "keee-keee-keee...". Generally silent. !A bird of wooded areas. !Status and threats: Not considered at risk

G R A Y F A C E B U Z Z A R D

41-46 cm in length !Call: Main call described as a peevish, whistled "whick-awee" or "pik-wee". !Utilize rising air currents to gain altitude and cover great distances by soaring during migration !Status and threats:Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Size and trends of populations very poorly known.

B L A C K B A Z A ( A v i c e d a l e u p h o t e s )

Small raptor !Often seen in groups !Soars high in the air during the migrations. But usually, it flies low with deep wing-beats interspersed with short glides on almost flat wings. !Call: Soft quavering, plaintive or whistling notes. Harsh squaks when in group.

CLIMATIC STUDIES04/

sunpath/

Cape Rachado is located in Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

As Malaysia is located near the equator, it allows for the location to receive more sunshine.

Being close to the equator, the sun path or position does not shift much throughout the year.

On the average, Malaysia receives about 6 hours of sunshine per day. However, seasonal variations may influence the amount of sunshine received.

!Sun Orientation

Knowing the sun path and orientation of the site is vital to the design of the observation deck in order to control the amount and direction of sunlight entering the space.

!!

Sunrise & Sunset The site receives sunlight at around 7.13 a.m. (annual average).

Most facilities are built in the area

where HIGHER/LOWER light intensity is received, as shown in the diagram below.

sunpath-januarylandscape

sunpath-februarylandscape

sunpath-marchlandscape

sunpath-aprillandscape

sunpath-maylandscape

sunpath-junelandscape

sunpath-julylandscape

sunpath-augustlandscape

sunpath-septemberlandscape

sunpath-octoberlandscape

sunpath-novemberlandscape

sunpath-decemberlandscape

wind pathclimatic studies

Direction : South East to North West !Wind Speed during Site Visit : 6.7mph -8.8mph !Temperature : 25- 31 Celsius !Slight wind can be felt at the start of the trail from Southwest as a result of Southwest Monsoon !Stronger wind can be felt at the end part of the trail as well as the beach because of the land breeze from the sea. from southwest

northeast to southwest

wind path-southwest monsoonclimatic studies

Period : April to September !Areas Affected : West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia !Rainfall at site will be higher than normal time during monsoon season. However, the monsoon wind at site cannot be felt as the site is surrounded by trees.

southwest monsoon wind

wind path-northeast monsoonclimatic studies

northeast monsoon wind

Period : October to March !Areas Affected : East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia !The site is not affected by this monsoon wind as it is surrounded with trees. Rainfall normal at site

wind strengthclimatic studies

weak strong

wind analysis- trailclimatic studies

wind analysis-beachclimatic studies

a

B!

wind blowing

from southeast

windy +cooling

HOT+STUFFY

land breeze and sea breezeclimatic studies

land breeze

sea breeze

The wind pattern near the beach is generated by the heat gain, heat loss, and heat storage variations between land and water.

average rainfall-malaccaclimatic studies

average rainfall precipitation-malaccaclimatic studies

average temperature-malaccaclimatic studies

relative humidity-malaccaclimatic studies

CIRCULATION05/

circulation

VIEWS+VISTAS06/

AIM

#1 To look / observe a site which has more positive view and also look into the contrasting view which is the negative view.

!!

#2 To look / observe the sites through view framing from every angle and openings, panoramic view of the best angles and also

view of the approaching site.

Positive viewNeutral viewNegative view

view analysisviews+vistas

site spotsviews+vistas

STRENGTH nearest/shortest distance from

standby point great view for bird watching great panoramic view good light penetration

WEAKNESS forest reserve view more than sea view no proper space to view the area

site 1 -observation deck 1views+vistas

STRENGTH very thin trees (only at this area) sunset light penetration interesting backdrop great bird watching view

WEAKNESS view covered by the amount of

trees quite humid steep


STRENGTH sound of waves can be heard more light penetration into this area thin trees which does not affect the

view from top shady from the sunset sun

WEAKNESS steep terrain which has higher

risk for trees to fall narrow space


STRENGTH wide range of sea view (horizon

line) view of sunrise direct access from forest trail

WEAKNESS no view of sunset tide increases and covers up half

of the shore in the morning

site 4 -south east beachviews+vistas

Site V & VI- south west beach -

STRENGTH wide area interesting 180 view breezy great sunset view

WEAKNESS very rocky area 2 tombstones on top of the hill of

the mini peninsular high tide covers up the shore

during the night

site 5+6-south west beachviews+vistas

ACTIVITIES07/

introduction/

activities at tanjung tuan

main activity zoningactivities

jungle traildry activities

beachwet activities

birdwatching zoningactivities

1)LIGHTOUSE- the highest viewing point

of tanjung tuan.

1

2

3

3)VALLEY- an open sky clearing.

2)OBSERVATION DECK 1-

an open sky clearing above

the rest benches.

birdwatching zoningactivities

4)OBSERVATION DECK 2- a view of trees ahead

and above.

5)OBSERVATION DECK 3- a view of trees and

slope.

6)ROCKY CLIFF- a higher

viewing point towards the

ocean.

4

5

6

migratory birds in cape rachadoactivities

Oriental Honey Buzzard

(from Japan)

Black Baza (forests ofSouth East

Asia)

Chinese Goshawk (Southeast China)

Blur-throated Bee Eater

(Brunei,Cambodia,China)

bird migration routesactivities

SIBERIA

CAPE RACHADO

AUSTRALIA

Birds migrate from Siberia to Australia stop by Tanjung Tuan on their way. - Tanjung Tuan Rangers

bird watching eventsactivities

Yearly event: RWW (Raptor Watch Weekend)

Organised by: MNS (Malaysian Nature Society)

Months: March early April

Turnout: 20,000 people per day

Bird enthusiasts gathering at the base of the lighthouse to catch a sight of the raptors.

1

3

2

4

meditation zonesactivities

BEFORE OBSERVATION DECK 2

OBSERVATION DECK 3

BACKDOOR BEACH

Skinny, straight trees Sense of verticality

Spiritual and overpowering

First sounds of sea waves Cooling sea breeze

Small U-shaped bay Rocks frame the sea view

Panoramic view of the sea Higher up, isolated

Full sunset view

rocky zone, main beachactivities

camping zoneactivities

Flat beach to set up tent

Shaded and dry for rest space

Dry land for campfire

CAMP SITES

SHADED REST AREA

types of fishactivities

Small Cuda (Barracuda)

Small Snapper

SHALLOW FISHING

DEEP BOAT FISHINGQueen Fish

history/

activitiesOLD TRAIL

trail timelineactivities

hotspot/

people/

peak seasons in a yearactivities

peak hours in a dayactivities

population by visitorsactivities

localsactivities

foreignersactivities

population by raceactivities

religionactivities

types of crowdsactivities

CASE STUDY: grand canyon observation deck,arizona

CONCLUSION/

POTENTIAL FEATURES !

TOPOGRAPHY !

ACTIVITY !

VIEW !

CLIMATE !

CIRCULATION !

TOPOGRAPHY !

Contours / coast

Degree of slope

Water level

Soil type !

ACTIVITY !

Purpose of observation

deck Current

activities? Introduction

of new concept

VIEW !

Observation area

Landscape Coverage !

Climate !

Wind Sun

direction Shade

CIRCULATION !

Areas of congestion

Accessibility Private /

public space

SUGGESTIONS

1/ OBSERVATION DECKS

PUBLIC SPACE

BUSY

CIRCULATION

Existing

vantage point

2/ MANGROVE SWAMP

INTERESTING

VEGETATION

OPTIMUM

OBSERVATION

3/ BACK BEACH

HIDDEN /

SECLUDED

FOCUSED

VIEWPOINT

THANK YOU

Cape Rachado Reserve Forest Site Analysis

Data & Analytics

Transcript of Cape Rachado Reserve Forest Site Analysis