1C A N A R Y I N A C O A L M I N E

Karianne Fonn Jrvik & Erlend Espens

DEFINING NEW LIFELINES FOR THE FUTURE OF LONGYEARBYEN

I N D E X

3nowp. 22-29

timelinep. 18-21

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t org

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1

4

7

2

5

8

3

6

9

topicp. 4-5

sustainabilityp. 34-37

site visitp. 44-45

frameworkp. 40-43

cv`sp. 46-49

the placep. 6-17

nextp. 30-33

Northern sea route

North-West passage

Transpolar sea Route

Arctic circle

5TO P I C

Karianne Fonn Jrvik & Erlend Espens

Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, between Norway and the North Pole. The main island is used as a base for coal mining, research and education. Extraction of coal has been an important reason for settlement on Svalbard. Some places the coal industry has left, like in Pyrami-den, a small Russian mining town now abandoned.

The contradictions are striking; Longyearbyen, totally relying on coal as a power source, is one of the places where scientists and researchers are settled to study the increasing effects of the changing climate. When considering the current pressure to phase out, there is no reason to thinkthat this Norwegian industry of coalmining has a bright future at Svalbard.

When the coal industry withdraws from Longyearbyen, there will be many built structures left. Structures directly linked to the mining, infra-structure on land, harbor areas connected to sea cargo, as well as dwellings for the coal miners. These could have a different future than the stru-ctures in Pyramiden. The mining structures could provide Longyearbyen with a new type of energy, a breath of fresh air into one of the worlds northernmost settlements.

THE FUTURE OF LONGEARBYEN, AFTER THE COAL

SVALBARD

74 - 81 N / 10 - 35 E

61 022 km2

60 % ice

10 % vegetation

3000 polar bears 2562 inhabitants

Employment rate 85 %

600 listed buildings and industrial heritage

T H E P L A C E

7

LONGYEARBYEN

78 13 0 N / 15 38 0 E

2118 inhabitants

2131 registered snowmobiles

Polar night 14. nov. - 29 Jan.

Midnight sun 20 Apr. - 22 Aug.

Average period of recidense: 7 years

9

31

42

5

6

7

Mine 3. 1971-1996

Mine 1. (a) 1906-1920 (b) 1939-1958

Mine 4. 1966-1970

Mine 2. (a) 1921-1968 (b) 1937-1968

Mine 5. 1959-1972

Longyearbyen

Mine 6. 1969-1981Mine 6. 1969-1981

11

3

1

42

5

6

7Mine 6. 1969-1981

Mine 7. 1972-Present

Mine 6. 1969-1981

600OF THE 2118 INHABITANTS IN LONGYEARBYEN ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY EMPLOYED BY THE COAL MINING INDUSTRY

13

100 OF 320 EMPLOYEES IN STORE NORSKE IN LONGYEARBYEN LOST THEIR JOB, NOVEMBER 2014

Portal building

Svalbard tube

DIFFERENT SEED SAMPLES ARE DEPOSITED IN THE VAULT FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE (2013)

The seed vault is a completely unique and incredibly fascinating facility. Here the precautionary principle in practised in the best possible man-ner by providing long-term storage for future seed. Without seed we would be empty-handed and without the ability to produce food. The seeds frozen in the mountains of Svalbard may help to adapt our crops to changing climatic conditions and be an important key to global food security, Trygve Slagsvold Vedum, Minister of Agriculture and Food

770 000

15

Access tunnel

Major international seed vaults

Svalbard Global Seed Vault

Rock tunnel

Storage caverns

Transverse tunnel

Air locks

Operation centre

17

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t org

anize

d to

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to S

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urce

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r

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hias

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n Za

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H U N T I N G & E X P E D I T I O N S

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( N

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19

S T R U G G L E F O R C O A LH U N T I N G & E X P E D I T I O N SS

ren

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ondo

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ium

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inau

gura

ted

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1960

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weg

ian

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bard

and

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tic

sea

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veys

( N

SIU

) is

es

tabl

ished

, th

e fo

reru

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of w

hat l

ater

bec

ame

the

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weg

ian

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r In

stitu

te.

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1928

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s thr

ee g

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s mak

e a

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y of

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sible

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l/ga

s e

lds

in t

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outh

of I

sfjor

den

1938

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e re

sear

ch s

tati

on e

stab

lishe

d in

Ny-

le

sund

Min

e 6

open

s &

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weg

ian

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oriti

es fu

nds

the

coal

m

inin

g w

ith

over

40

mill

ion

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nder

lined

pol

itica

l si

gni

canc

e of

the

indu

stry

in t

he A

rcti

c

Sval

bard

air

eld

est

ablis

hed

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1976

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weg

ian

gove

rnm

ent a

lloca

tes f

unds

fors

tate

take

over

of

the

priv

ate

shar

es in

SN

K

1978

Sval

bard

is c

onne

cted

to th

e te

leph

one

netw

ork

in N

orw

ay

1981

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stat

e ta

kes o

ver h

ospi

tal &

hea

lth se

rvic

es

1989

1993

Svab

ard

Uni

vers

ity (U

NIS

) is o

pene

d

1993

Svab

ard

Uni

vers

ity

(UN

IS) i

s ope

ned

2002

Gove

rnm

ent d

ecid

es th

at th

e Sv

alba

rd la

w sh

ould

be

mod

erni

zed.

Lon

gyea

rbye

n be

com

es a

loca

l dem

ocra

cy

with

the

elec

ted

body

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gyea

rbye

n lo

kalst

yre

and

the

Sval

bard

Cou

ncil

is di

ssol

ved

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bard

rese

arch

par

k is

open

ed, c

onta

inin

g U

NIS

, Sv

alba

rd m

useu

m a

nd N

orw

egia

n Po

lar

Insti

tute

2008

2014

2015

Mos

t org

ans w

hich

ear

lier w

as c

ontr

olle

d by

SN

K is

mad

e in

depe

nden

t

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glob

al se

ed b

ank

is op

ened

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e N

orsk

e w

ants

to re

duce

the

wor

kfor

ce to

cut

cos

ts

100

min

ers l

ose

thei

r job

s

N O R M A L I Z A T I O N1975 - 2015

21

1976

Nor

weg

ian

gove

rnm

ent a

lloca

tes f

unds

fors

tate

take

over

of

the

priv

ate

shar

es in

SN

K

1978

Sval

bard

is c

onne

cted

to th

e te

leph

one

netw

ork

in N

orw

ay

1981

The

stat

e ta

kes o

ver h

ospi

tal &

hea

lth se

rvic

es

1989

1993

Svab

ard

Uni

vers

ity (U

NIS

) is o

pene

d

1993

Svab

ard

Uni

vers

ity

(UN

IS) i

s ope

ned

2002

Gove

rnm

ent d

ecid

es th

at th

e Sv

alba

rd la

w sh

ould

be

mod

erni

zed.

Lon

gyea

rbye

n be

com

es a

loca

l dem

ocra

cy

with

the

elec

ted

body

Lon

gyea

rbye

n lo

kalst

yre

and

the

Sval

bard

Cou

ncil

is di

ssol

ved

Sval

bard

rese

arch

par

k is

open

ed, c

onta

inin

g U

NIS

, Sv

alba

rd m

useu

m a

nd N

orw

egia

n Po

lar

Insti

tute

2008

2014

2015

Mos

t org

ans w

hich

ear

lier w

as c

ontr

olle

d by

SN

K is

mad

e in

depe

nden

t

The

glob

al se

ed b

ank

is op

ened

Stor

e N

orsk

e w

ants

to re

duce

the

wor

kfor

ce to

cut

cos

ts

100

min

ers l

ose

thei

r job

s

N O R M A L I Z A T I O N

Increase in polar and climate research

Increasing the capacity of installations for ground-space research,satellite and telecommunications

Development within renewable energy resources(geothermal, macroalgea, wind power etc)

More dierentiated tourist industry targeting specic groups in a all year round perspective

Longyearbyen as a tourist destination

Increased cruise trac

Increased maritime activity from shing vessels in the Svalbard zone and the surrounding waters

New industries established in bioprospecting and biotechnology

Service and supply to shing eets

Strategic position in the Arctic in relation to intercontinental shipping

Further development of arctic SAR (Search and rescue) competance center

P O S S I B L E F U T U R E D E V E L O P M E N T S

TOURISM

RESEARCH

MARITIME

N O WTHE IMPORTANCE OF THE COAL-MINING INDUSTRY

25 years ago the coal-mining sector dominated at Svalbard. At that time there were three major towns, Longyearbyen, Barentsburg and Pyramiden, with a total of about 1100 inhabitants in Longyearbyen and 2000 in Barentsburg and Pyramiden. Now Pyramiden is close to abandoned and the population in Barentsburg is around 500 people. In Longyearbyen the population has increased to around 2100 people. The very positive development in Longyearbyen has meant that the place today is a normalized Norwegian local community with schools, kindergartens, sports, hospitals, etc.

Coal mining is still the most important industry sector at Svalbard. Of the 1600 FTEs that were performed in Longyearbyen / Svea in 2012 400 are directly related to coal mining, 230 to accommodation / dining and cultural sector and 200 to research and education. Building and construction and transportation and storage are also significant with a total 310 posts, but rely on activities in basic sectors. If we include indirect Wemployment, the coal-mining sector aggregates approximately 600 FTEs.

Basis Sectors represents approximately 70% of the fixed employment in Longyearbyen. Within different industries many of the permanent employees commute. In addition there are many seasonal workers.

23

The Governor is the state`s supreme representative on Svalbard and also exercise police authority. After Svalbard Act 2 applies Norwegian civil law, criminal law and procedural law on Svalbard, unless otherwise specified by law. Svalbard is a part of Norway but has no municipality and is not part of a county, but there is a local government in Longyearbyen. Therefore Svalbard has no constituencies for city and parliamentary electi-ons, and voters must vote according to their affiliation on the mainland.

Svalbard has its own Tax and Tax Appeals Boards own elected by the local council. Taxation on Svalbard happens after the law of Svalbard Taxati-on. Collected taxes are only enough to support the local government. Svalbards revenues and expenses are budgeted seperately from mainland Norway.

Norway has a responsibility to preserve and respect the environment on Svalbard. Svalbard Treaty entails certain specified limitations for Norwegian exercise of authority, particularly Non - Discrimination. Every citizen or compa-ny of every nation under the treaty1 are allowed to become residents, fish, and hunt or undertake maritime, industrial or trade activity. Residents must respect Norwegian law.

Svalbard is declared a de- militarized zone. According to the Svalbard Treaty Article 9, Norway has committed itself not to create or allow naval bases or to construct any kind of military fortifications and Svalbard must not be used for warlike purposes. The provision only prevents the crea-tion of permanent bases. Norway is not precluded from defending its sovereignty over Svalbard.

1 Signature states of the treaty in 1925 was Norway, USA, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands & Sweden. Later; Russia, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Iceland, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Finland, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Monaco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, India, China, Japan, New Zealand & Australia.

SVALBARD TREATY

25

COAL, REASEARCH, TOURISM AND EVERYDAY LIFE

Today coal mining is one of three important sectors in Longyearbyen. Store Norske extracts coal from two mines: Mine 7 that is situated 15 kilometers outside Longyearbyen. Around 20 people have their workplace here, and the coal is transported to Longyearbyen Energiverk (Longyearbyen power plant), which in turn is delivering electricity and heat to Longyearbyen. Svea Nord is the largest mine, 60 kilometers west of Longyearbyen. 300 people work here. Employees commute to the site. Some live in Longyearbyen, but most live in Norway.

Research within natural science has long traditions in Svalbard. Today research plays an even more important role, mostly due to increased focus on climate. The University center in Svalbard was established in 1993. 350 students from around the world studies Arctic biology, Arctic geology, Arctic Geophysics and Arctic technology. Norwegian Polar Institute and the Svalbard Museum are housed in the same building. Tourism, service sector and the food industry are the third pillar of Longyearbyen economy.

Most of the residents are Norwegian, but 15 percent are foreign nationals. The largest group is the Thai population of 70 people (2007) There are people from Denmark, Sweden, Germany, USA, Brazil, Spain, the Netherlands, Finland, Greenland, Russia, England, Canada and the Philippines. In the university half of the students are foreign nationals.

What is the reason for people to settle in Longyearbyen today? There is low taxation and possibility for work with high wages. In an investigation of living conditions carried out in 2000 48 % of the persons asked said they moved to Svalbard for the adventure, and 41 % said that the main reason was the experience of living close to nature.

27

29

COLOURS DEFINING IDENTITY

In 1981 Grete Smedal was given the commission to make a colour scheme for the external facades of buildings in the entire town. The initiative came from the director of Store Norske Spitsbergen Kullkompani and was decided to happen gradually during ten years, as new buildings were made and old renovated. Painting the buildings was not done for any other reason than beatifying, as wood does not rot in Longyearbyen. The inhabitants well-being was the main goal for the project. Today it can be seen on the many row houses as well as on public buildings. The buil-dings define a common space and identity for the inhabitants as well as for Longyearbyen.

N E X TTHE LIQUIDATION OF THE COAL-MINING INDUSTRY

Longyearbyen will in the future be crucial in the development of Svalbard. To continue the positive development of society and be an attractive migration area, it is important to achieve a critical mass of people and commercial businesses. With higher number of inhabitants and still high percentage families, the society will be more robust because population and employment growth generates synergy that provide increased and extended operating basis for public and private service - which has a positive effect on living quality and the desire to live there.

The interest for the Arctic is increasing. Climate changes, tourism, geopolitics and research of natural resources are the main drivers. There is increased international interest in participating in research and commercial activity.In addition to Norwegians there are people from more than 40 countries on Svalbard and more than 50 % of students at UNIS are foreign.

Due to climate changes and climate politics coal mining on Svalbard is controversial. Future operations are also challenged by the low coal price recently, which has resulted in large deficits Store Norske. Combined with the need to open new mines that ensure continuity, this gives the company great challenges.

31

Coal

?

Tourism

TourismResearch

Research

FUTURE SHIPPING ROUTES?

The Northwest Passage goes through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The islands of the archipelago are separated from one another and the Canadian mainland by a series of waterways collectively known as the Northwest Passages or North-western Passages. The Parliament of Canada renamed these waterways the Canadian Northwest Passage in 2009. It was first navigated by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen with a small expedi-tion of six men in 19031906. Arctic pack ice has previously prevented year-round shipping. Sovereignity claims over the waters may complicate future shipping as Canada considers the North-western Passages a part of Canadian internal waters. Some European coutries and the U.S claim they are international territory, and free passage should be allowed. The route`s viability as an Euro- Asian shipping route may be reduced, as it is claimed that part of the eastern end of the passage is only 15 meters deep.

The Northern Sea Route is defined by Russian legislation to stretch from the Kara Sea to the Pacific Ocean, running along the Russian Arctic co-ast. The entire route lies in Arctic waters and is ice-free inly two months a year. It connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, includes all East Arctic seas but does not include the Barents Sea. The Finnish-Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiold made the first complete & confirmed passage in 1878. The route is today traversed by ships with ice-breaking capabilities, but is expected to become more accessible in the future due to climate change.

The Transpolar sea route (TSR) is expected to emerge as the predominant Arctic shipping route by 2030. Rapidly shrinking sea ice could open up a temporary routes where moderately ice strengthened ships can sail directly over the North pole, dramatically reducing travel time rom Asia to Europe. Even a moderate amount of warming will open up the arctic to traffic previously unimagined. In contrast to the Northeast Passage and Northwest Passage it avoids territorial waters and lies in international high seas. The Due to high seasonal variability of ice conditions throughout the entire Arctic basin, the TSR will not exist as one fixed shipping lane, but will follow a number of navigational routes. It passes outside the exclusive economic zones of Arctic states and is thus of geopolitical importance to countries looking to the Arctic for future economic revenue. The Chinese icebreaker Snow Dragon was one of the first major vessels to utilize the route during its 2012 journey through the Arctic Ocean.

33

Northern sea route

North-West passage

Transpolar sea Route

Arctic circle

Northern sea route & Southern sea route

We used to be able to take our snowmo-biles right across that fjord. Now we cant do that any more and we have to go the long way around. Kristin Grotting

35

S U S TA I N A B I L I T YSince 2007 UNIS (University in Svalbard) CO2 lab has led the drilling outside Longyearbyen to investigate the opportunity to store CO2 undergro-und. The drilling resulted in the discovery of shale gas (Nordlys 22.09)

The coal industry does not pay off economically anymore, and most are expecting Store Norske to put an end to the coal export from Svalbard (the company is considering the option of shale gas to continue operations on Svalbard) One of Norway`s two coal power plants is situated in Longyearbyen. In total the power plant in Barentsburg and the one in Longyearbyen has yearly emissions of 200.000 tons CO2, counting for about half of Svalbards emissions (2009). Coal is the most polluting of all fossil fuels.

Our project should:

a. The architecture will house one or more alternative industries. When the coalmining industry stops, new industries need to be strengt-hened to maintain the number of inhabitants and a healthy economy.

b. The climate and permafrost sets very different parameters for building than what we are used to. There is also a challenge in the tem-peratures in Longyearbyen, with an annual average of -6,7 oC and -16,2 oC in February. Minimize the heat loss; maximize solar exposure, simple shape, and limitation on windows.

c. As an alternative to build new structures, we will investigate the possibilities to re-use obsolete structures related to the coal industry. To strengthen the places identity, as well as keeping the carbon footprint as low as possible, re-use could be a good solution.

d. We want to investigate how massive wood can perform under the extreme conditions in the Artic. Because of the dry climate wood is a preferred material because of its properties and long life span.

AN APPORACH TO BUILDING STRUCTURES AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IN AN ARTIC CLIMATE

Observed sea-ice September 2002

Projected sea-ice 2070-2090

Permafrost boundary2004

Projected permafrost boundary

SOURCE: Artic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2004Impacts of a Warming Arctic

+ 1 oC

+ 2 oC

+ 3 oC

+ 4 oC

+ 5 oC

+ 6 oC

+ 7 oC

+ 8 oC

+ 9 oC

+ 10 oC

+ 11 oC

+ 12 oC

+ 13 oC

+ 14 oC

+ 15 oC

+ 16 oC

SOURCE: the Met Oce, UK`s National Weather Service

MAP: Climate DestabilisationAverage global temperatures rise beyond 4 oC

KEY: change in climate from pre-industrial climate

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Observed sea-ice September 2002

Projected sea-ice 2070-2090

Permafrost boundary2004

Projected permafrost boundary

SOURCE: Artic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2004Impacts of a Warming Arctic

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The project will present a new program that will replace the mining industry and sustain Longyearbyen in the future.

On the community scale, show renewable energy resources as viable options for Longyearbyen.

In the building scale, the project will include material (wood) and light stategies to minimize the carbon footprint of the building(s).

F R A M E W O R K FEBRUARY

Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9

MARCH

Week 10

Week 11

Week 12

Week 13

2nd 1:1 Inspirational Day

4th-11th Site visit LongyearbyenThe place, the landscape, the people,the society. 1:1 investigations.

Synthesizing the material collected on the studytrip. Defining program(s).

Site model 1:5000Site model 1:500Concept models, sketches, diagrams

26th-27th 2. presentation conceptually in differenc scales

PHASE 1 01/01-28/02 City scale Defining program Investigate the site

PHASE 201/03-27/03 Defining concept Sustainability aspect Materials

PHASE 328/03-19/04 Refine concept Building scale Architectural proposal

PHASE 420/04-24/06 Develop project details Narrative Exhibition

Define arguments for the concept.3D model

Focus on the sustainability aspect of the project. Make investigations, sketches and presentation.

Define arguments for architectural proposal, diagrams.

1:200/ 1:100 plans, sections, model

24th sustainability presentation

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APRIL

Week 14

Week 15

Week 16

Week 17

28th-6th Easterpossibly a site visit to Longyearbyen or other relevant place

Synthesizing the material collected on the studytrip. Re-evaluate architectural proposal.

Define arguments for the main aspect of the project.

Develop project in 1:200 plans, sections, model

16th-17th 3. presentation PROJECT review

MAY

Week 18

Week 19

Week 20

Week 21

Week 22

Re-evaluate architectural proposal and produced material.

Develop project in 1:100/ 1:50 plans, sections, model

Construction detailsin model and drawings

VisualizingFIll in the gaps

Prepare material for exhibitionSite model 1:5000Site model 1:500

JUNE

Week 23

Week 24

Week 25

Week 26

1st Exhibition period starts

16th Exhibiton preview

24th Exhibition completed 27th-30th EXAM

situation plan 1:0000plans 1:200/ 1:00/ 1:50sections 1:200/ 1:00/ 1:50

AxonometricsVisualizations

model 1:5000model: 1:500model: 1:100detail models

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S I T E V I S I TTHOUGHTS, WISHES, GOALS

When in Longyearbyen we will spend our time figuring out what the people whish for their city to become. What they feel has the potential of replacing the coal industry. We will ask people with political power, economic power and power of local knowledge.

What would you like your city to become, after the coal?Which industries are welcome and which are not?Could Longyearbyen be self-sustained in the future?

Keywords: tourism, research, studies, cargo, fish, sea, technology

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C VERLEND ESPENS

from: Stavangerborn: 1985

Tlf: 99238311erlendespenaes@gmail.com

Education:

2010-2015 Bergen School of Architecture, Norway2014, spring Tampere University of Technology, Finland2013 Bachelor, Bergen School of Architecture, passed with distinction2008-2009 Kunstskolen i Rogaland

Work:

2014 Vicarious caretaker, BOB2012,summer Promoter for Kirkens Ndhjelp, Face2Face2011,summer Checkout and stock employee, Byggmax Norge as2009-2010 Customer and sales consultant, GE Moneybank 2006-2008 Stock employee, Bama dagligvare

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Courses:

1. semester Master City between security and freedom (30 cr) Case studies addressing the intersection of security and contemporary architecture and urbanism. Indivi dual project, re-designing Oslo Central Station in realtion to current security situation and discussion. Tutors: Deane Simpson, Vibeke Jensen, Haakon Rasmussen, Anders Rubing. Study trip to Oslo, London and Israel/ Palestine Course in cooperation with PST (Norwegian Police Security Service ), NSM (Norwegian National Security Authority).

2. semester Master Finnish wood architecture (8cr) Studies of contemporary and historical Finnish wood architecture. Individual design of small allotment garden cottages of re-used timber. Lecturer/ tutor: Satu Huuhka

History of Architecture, professional course (12cr) Studies of the Finnish city Seinjoki`s history and development. Individual design of a innfill building at a given site in Seinjoki city centre. Lecturer/ tutor: Olli-Paavo Koponen

Landscape Architecture (7cr) Individual design of a small scale landscape feauture in a chosen puclic area around Tamprere University of Technology. Paralell lecture series with a thorough introduction to landscape architecture. Lecturer/ tutor: Nathan Siter. Study trip to Copenhagen

Revit Architecture, basics (5cr) Introduction course to the most necessary tools in Revit. Lecturer/ tutor: Mika Mathlin

3. semester Master Complex context Studies of the historical development of Bergen and the city`s current issues. Design of building in relation to current discussions, group of three. Tutors: Arild Wge, Kalle Grude, Andre Fontes, Harald Rstvik. Study trip to Amsterdam/Rotterdam/Almere/Utrecht

C VKARIANNE FONN JRVIK

from: Bergenborn: 1991

Tlf: 975 94 613nor_400@hotmail.com

www.kariannejarvik.com

Education:

2010-2015 Bergen School of Architecture, Norway2014, Spring Tampere University of Technology, Finland2013 Bachelor, Bergen School of Architecture, passed with distinction

Work:

2012-2015 Sailing coach, optimist dinghy sailors age 10-15 , Berens Seilforening2011-2013, summer Promoter for Kirkens Ndhjelp, Face2Face2011 Model of Sandviken, Arkitektgruppen Cubus 2009 Logo design, ConStrada AS

Sport: 2009 Norwegian champion sailing (Europe Dinghy)

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Courses:

1. semester Master City between security and freedom (30 cr) Case studies addressing the intersection of security and contemporary architecture and urbanism. Indivi dual project, re-designing Oslo Central Station in realtion to current security situation and discussion. Tutors: Deane Simpson, Vibeke Jensen, Haakon Rasmussen, Anders Rubing. Study trip to Oslo, London and Israel/ Palestine Course in cooperation with PST (Norwegian Police Security Service ), NSM (Norwegian National Security Authority).

2. semester Master Finnish wood architecture (8cr) Studies of contemporary and historical Finnish wood architecture. Individual design of small allotment garden cottages of re-used timber. Lecturer/ tutor: Satu Huuhka

History of Architecture, professional course (12cr) Studies of the Finnish city Seinjoki`s history and development. Individual design of a innfill building at a given site in Seinjoki city centre. Lecturer/ tutor: Olli-Paavo Koponen

Landscape Architecture (7cr) Individual design of a small scale landscape feauture in a chosen puclic area around Tamprere University of Technology. Paralell lecture series with a thorough introduction to landscape architecture. Lecturer/ tutor: Nathan Siter. Study trip to Copenhagen

Revit Architecture, basics (5cr) Introduction course to the most necessary tools in Revit. Lecturer/ tutor: Mika Mathlin

3. semester Master Complex context Studies of the historical development of Bergen and the city`s current issues. Design of building in relation to current discussions, group of three. Tutors: Arild Wge, Kalle Grude, Andre Fontes, Harald Rstvik. Study trip to Amsterdam/Rotterdam/Almere/Utrecht

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www.diploma2015.wix.com/longyearbyen