Guided By:-BHARTICOLLEGE OF POLYTECHNIC;DURG A Summer Vocational Training Report on Water Resource Department At Mogra Dam Dongergaon(CG Su!mitted "or partial "ull"illment o"Diploma #n C#V#$ %&GG'

Su!mitted By:-IntroductionA canal is deined as an artiicial c!annel constructed on t!e "round to carr# $ater ro% a ri&er or anot!er canal or a reser&oir to t!e ields' T#(es o CanalsT#(es o CanalsT#(es o Canals)BA*ED ON *OURCE OF *UPPLY+Continuous source o $ater su((l#'Also called (erennial canalsPer%anent CanalDra$s its su((lies ro% a ri&er onl# durin" t!e !i"! sta"es o t!e ri&er'Inundation CanalT#(es o Canals)BA*ED ON FUNCTION+Carries $ater ro% its source to a"ricultural ields'Irri"ation CanalUsed or trans(ort o "oods'Na&i"ation CanalUsed to carr# $ater or "eneration o !#droelectricit#'Po$er CanalFeeds t$o or %ore canals'Feeder CanalT#(es o Canals)BA*ED ON ALIGN,ENT+-aters!ed Canal or Rid"e CanalContour Canal*ide *lo(e CanalT#(es o Canals)BA*ED ON DI*CHARGE+,ain CanalBranc! Canal,a.or Distri/utar#,inor Distri/utar#-ater Course,AIN CANAL,ain Canal ta0es o directl# ro% t!e u(strea% side o $eir !ead $or0s or da%' Usuall# no direct culti&ation is (ro(osedMain Canal systemBRANCH CANALAll ota0es ro% %ain canal $it! !ead disc!ar"e o 12314 cu%ecs and a/o&e are ter%ed as /ranc! canals'Acts as eeder c!annel or %a.or distri/utaries A BRANCH CANAL IN,A5OR DI*TRIBUTARYAll ota0es ro% %ain canal or /ranc! canal $it! !ead disc!ar"e ro% 6'74 to 14 cu%ecs are ter%ed as %a.or distri/utaries',INOR DI*TRIBUTARY All ota0es ta0in" o ro% a %a.or distri/utar# carr#in" disc!ar"e less t!an 6'74 cu%ecare ter%ed as %inor distri/utaries-ATER COUR*E*%all c!annels $!ic! carr# $ater ro% t!e outlets o a %a.or or %inor distri/utar# or a /ranc! canal to t!e ields to /e irri"ated'T#(es o Canals)Based on linin" (ro&ided or not+Bed and /an0s %ade u( o natural soil'-ater &elocities !i"!er t!an 6'8 %9s are not tolera/le.Hi"! see(a"e and con&e#ance $ater losses'Prouse "ro$t! o a:uatic $eeds retards t!e lo$ 'Unlined CanalLinin" o i%(er&ious %aterial on its /ed and /an0s to (re&ent t!e see(a"e o $ater'Dierent t#(es o linin" used e'"' concrete; /ric0 or /urnt cla# tile; /oulder; etc'Lined CanalA PICTURE OF A UNLINED CANALA PICTURE OF A LINED CANALLosses o $ater in canalLosses o $ater in canalT#(es o losses o $ater in canalsLoss o $ater in canalE&a(oration Loss*ee(a"e LossPercolation A/sor(tionCanal Linin"Canal Linin"Ad&anta"es o Linin" Water Conservation< Linin" a canal results in reduction in $ater losses; as $ater losses in unlined irri"ation canals can /e !i"!' No seepage of water into a!a"ent #an or roas< I canal /an0s are !i"!l# (er%ea/le; t!e see(a"e o $ater $ill cause &er# $et or $aterlo""ed conditions; or e&en standin" $ater on ad.acent ields or roads' Linin" o suc! a canal can sol&e t!is (ro/le%'Ad&anta"es o Linin" )Contd'+Re$"e "ana# i%ensions& T!e resistance to lo$ o a lined canal is less t!an t!at o an unlined canal; and t!us t!e lo$ &elocit# $ill /e !i"!er in t!e lined canal ' T!ereore; $it! t!e !i"!er &elocit#; t!e canal cross3section or a lined canal can /e s%aller t!an t!at o an unlined canal' Re$"e %aintenan"e< ,aintenance costs or t!e ollo$in" issues are eli%inated usin" linin" o canals' Periodical re%o&al o silt de(osited on t!e /eds and sides o canals' Re%o&al o $eeds and $ater canals' ,inor re(airs li0e (lu""in" o crac0s; une&en settle%ents o /an0s; etc'T#(es o linin"Hard *urace Linin"Cast Insitu Ce%ent Concrete Linin"*!otcrete or Plastic Linin"Ce%ent Concrete Tile Linin" or Bric0 Linin"As(!altic Concrete Linin"Boulder Linin"Eart! T#(e Linin"Co%(acted Eart! Linin"*oil Ce%ent Linin"Cast In3*itu Concrete Linin"T!an0 You