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! "

Learning Target: I CAN describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the

Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa.

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Today’s Topic: Aztecs and Incas

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# SS6H1 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America.

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Assignments

Today we will be discussing the Aztecs and Incas. The Aztec capital was in present-day Mexico City and the Incas were in Peru. Locate on this map the location of both ancient civilizations.

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Today we will be discussing the Aztecs and Incas. The Aztec capital was in present-day Mexico City and the Incas were in Peru. Locate on this map the location of both ancient civilizations.

Aztecs

Incas " !

The Aztecs

•  The Aztec civilization was located in central Mexico. Their capital city, Tenochtitlan, was on the site of present-day Mexico City.

•  They rose to power by conquering nearby cities. •  The Aztecs were skilled farmers, but they also traded for many goods. •  Warfare was a very important part of Aztec culture. •  Their civilization fell to the Spanish conquistadors in 1521

1. It was built on water. 2. It had a giant gold temple in the middle. 3. One of the main temples in Tenochtitlan was "Templo Mayor". 4. Human Sacrifices were held on the temples. "Huey Tzompantli" is where they kept the skulls of the sacrifice victims. 5. They used Chinampas to farm. They did not have proper places to build farms and gardens. So they made gardens on platforms in the water called chinampas.

#  The emperor was the head of government, chosen by the elders, and he consulted with priests and the elders before making decisions.

#  Montezuma I ruled the Aztec Empire in the 1400s. During his reign, the empire became more organized and expanded as it conquered neighboring territories.

#  Tenochtitlan, the capital city, was the center of Aztec culture and religion and was located on an island in Lake Texcoco.

Montezuma

#  Aztecs were located in which Latin America country?

#  Who was the Aztec ruler in the 1400’s?

#  What was unique about the Aztec capital?

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•  Aztec society was divided into classes including nobility, priests, warriors, merchants and artisans, serfs, and slaves. Membership in the nobility class was originally based on ability and strength, but it eventually became hereditary—the child of a noble was more likely to become a noble than a commoner's child was.

•  Religion was polytheistic, focused mainly on the sun and war gods, and beliefs centered on myths about the gods.

•  Pyramids with temples at the top were built to worship the gods.

•  Human sacrifice was practiced throughout the empire, mostly given at the main temple in Tenochtitlan.

•  The humans sacrificed were prisoners of war and were killed after battle. Aztec Pyramid

Aztec Sun God Tribute

•  Slavery was common, though it was different than the slavery practiced by Europeans. Many Aztec slaves were prisoners of war, and others were people who were unable to pay their debts. Slaves had hard lives, but they could own some property (including other slaves), and in some cases, they were able to buy their freedom. Slavery was not inherited; the child of a slave was considered free.

•  Crops such as squash, tomatoes, corn, and beans were grown in chinampas, which were rectangular plots of land surrounded by water.

# The Aztec Empire was at its height when the Spanish conquistadors arrived in 1519.

# Some believe that Hernán Cortés, the leader of the conquistadors, was mistaken for the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl.

# VIDEO: # Watch this video and type in the chatbox

what factors led the Aztecs to believe Cortés was Quetzalcoatl. Hernán Cortés

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict between the Spanish & the Aztecs as well as the roles of Cortes & Montezuma.

# According to Aztec prophecies, Quetzalcoatl was supposed to return one day to serve as the ruler of the Aztecs.

# The Aztec emperor Montezuma II therefore invited Cortés into Tenochtitlan. Cortés used this to his advantage, capturing Montezuma and making demands to the Aztec people.

#  Fighting soon began & Montezuma was killed, which forced the Spanish to leave Tenochtitlan. Cortés soon returned, however, to conquer the city.

Hernán Cortés

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict between the Spanish & the Aztecs as well as the roles of Cortes & Montezuma.

#  Though Cortés only commanded 500 soldiers, many of the surrounding kingdoms were enemies of the Aztecs, and they agreed to help the Spanish attack Tenochtitlan.

#  A long siege then occurred, during which much of the Aztec population died of smallpox and starvation in Tenochtitlan.

#  Disease and starvation killed more people than the fighting itself, which allowed the Spaniards to easily conquer the surviving Aztecs.

Hernán Cortés I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict

between the Spanish & the Aztecs as well as the roles of Cortes & Montezuma.

#  Watch this short video describing the fall of the Aztec Civilization:

#  http://viewpure.com/W08sSUI60sw

#  When finished type in the chatbox 2 reasons the Aztecs were so easily defeated by the Spanish

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict between the Spanish & the Aztecs as

well as the roles of Cortes & Montezuma.

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#  The first people to make chocolate were the ancient tribes of Mexico and Central America, including the Incas, Aztec and Mayans.

#  They mixed ground cacao seeds with various seasonings to make a spicy, frothy drink which they called chocolatl.

#  It was reported in 1519, that Emperor Montezuma, who drank 50 or more portions daily, served chocolatl to his Spanish guests in golden goblets, treating it like a food for the gods.

#  Montezuma's chocolatl was very bitter, and the Spanish did not appreciate its taste. To make the drink more to the liking of the Europeans, Cortez and his countrymen sweetened the Aztec Chocolate with cane sugar.

" ! The Incas

•  The Inca Empire was located in the Andes Mountains in South America.

•  As a society, they were peaceful farmers and traders.

•  They had large resources of gold and silver, and they made many contributions to medicine, mathematics, and architecture.

•  They were conquered by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533.

•  The Inca government was run by an emperor, who was chosen out of the original Inca tribe descendants.

•  Cuzco was the capital of the Inca Empire. •  There were four provinces in the empire, and

governors oversaw local officials in the provinces. •  The Inca people had separate chains of command

for military and religion. •  The Inca expanded their empire by conquering

nearby civilizations and peacefully assimilating other cultures into Incan culture.

#  Incas were located in what prominent geographical feature of South America?

#  While the Aztecs would be described as WARRIORS, the Incas were ______________ FARMERS & TRADERS

•  Descendants of the original Inca tribe were similar to nobility, and some even became royalty.

•  Those not in the original Inca tribe had their intelligence tested at a young age to determine if they would learn a trade or would go to school to become administrators, who were included in the nobility.

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•  Inca religion was polytheistic, meaning they worshiped many gods, including Inti, the sun god. The emperor of the Incas was believed to be a descendant of the sun god and therefore had the divine right to rule the empire.

•  The Inca sacrificed llamas to the gods on many important occasions, and they sacrificed humans in times of natural disaster and times of distress.

•  The Inca believed in the afterlife, and they mummified members of the nobility.

•  They believed that people who were good went to the sun after dying, while those who were evil stayed on the Earth.

•  In 1532, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro invaded the Inca Empire with about 200 men.

•  The Spanish captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa, put him in prison, & demanded a large ransom of silver & gold.

•  The Spanish also ordered the emperor to convert to Christianity.

Francisco Pizarro

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict between the Spanish & the Incas as well as the roles of Pizarro & Atahualpa.

•  The Inca paid the ransom, but Atahualpa refused to convert.

•  The Spanish killed Atahualpa & felt that they were justified in doing so because he had refused to convert to Christianity. Francisco Pizarro

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict between the Spanish & the Incas as well as the roles of Pizarro & Atahualpa.

# The Inca population as a whole weakened from being exposed to European diseases.

# Because many Inca were sick or had died, it was easier for the Spanish to conquer them.

#  It was not long before the Spanish had taken over the entire Inca Empire.

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict between the Spanish & the Incas as well as the roles of Pizarro & Atahualpa.

# Watch this short video describing the fall of the Incan Civilization:

# http://viewpure.com/zxUhA00MJwg

# When finished type which Spanish Conquistador defeated the Incas. Do you think the Spanish acted fairly? Why or Why not??

I CAN describe the encounter & consequences of the conflict

between the Spanish & the Incas as well as the roles of Pizarro & Atahualpa.

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Which letter on the map is the location of the center of Aztec culture and its capital, Tenochtitlan? A. Y B. Z C. X D. W

In 1532, which Spanish explorer invaded Peru and eventually conquered the Inca Empire? A. Juan Ponce de León B. Hernán Cortés C. Francisco Pizarro D. Vasco Núñez de Balboa E. I don�t know

Which letter on the map is the location of the Inca Empire? A. Y B. W C. X D. Z

Which person is described by the following: • Spanish Conquistador • Captured the Aztec emperor Montezuma in 1519 • Defeated the Aztec Empire in 1521

A. Juan Ponce de Leon B. Christopher Columbus C. Hernando Cortes D. Francisco Pizarro E. I don�t know

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