Can snacking really be good for today’s teens? - Vitafoods Europe 2016

Vitafoods Europe May 10, 2016

Can snacking really be good for today’s teens?

Garry J. Mendelson, PhD

Applied Nutrition Science Manager, EMEADuPont Nutrition & Health

Preventing unhealthy weight gain during childhood and

throughout adolescence may represent the most desirable

approach to preventing an increase in or reducing the

prevalence of obesity in the future.

1. Wake, M., et al., Int J Obes, 2013. 37(1): p. 86-932. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response. 2007. 3. Freedman, D., et al., J Pediatrics, 2007. 150(1): p. 12-17.4. "Global food security index 2014 special report: The burden of obesity." The Economist Intelligence Unit. http://www.eiu.com/

overweight or obese

adolescents

likely to become

overweight adults

60%

Who’s Snacking?Snacking Frequency

2,5

3.02,9

2,4 2,32,2

Snacks / Day

Source: 10 Key Trends in Food, Health & Nutrition, 2016, New Nutrition Business

• Millennials are leading the snacking trend

• Kids significantly impact snacking frequency in families

• Seniors have the lowest snacking frequency

Comparison Across Countries

1,4 1,61,8

1,9

2,2

2,52,7Snacks / Day

Key Demographics

When Are Consumers Snacking?Snacking Frequency At All Times of the Day is On the Rise

45%

57%

69%

37%

20%

24%

44%

51%

22%

7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Late Evening

Evening

Afternoon

Morning

Early Morning

2010 2016

Source: IRI – 2016 IRI Snacking Survey, April 2016

Snacking has increased

at all points of the day,

2010-2016, with

particularly large gains

seen in the

breakfast/morning time

frame and late evening.

Contribution of snacks to daily dietary intake

Globally, children are eating 2-3 snacks per day

16%

44%

31%

7%

2%

1

2

3

4

5

Source: proprietary research conducted by Ipsos for DuPont Nutrition & Health

Q: In a typical day, how many total snacks does your child eat? Response mechanism: Open text field. Base Respondents: 200

Piernas C , and Popkin B M Health Aff 2010;29:398-404

-Children in the US, are consuming almost 3 snacks per day.-Snacking accounted for up to 27 percent of children’s daily caloric intake in 2006.

Is there a role of snacking in healthy eating?

Snacking may be protective against over-

eating and weight gain in normal weight individuals

Snacking has also been associated with

increased daily intake and increased weight

status

It is unclear as to whether the replacement of high-fat and/or high-sugar snacks with healthier versions would lead to improvements in obesity-

related outcomes in overweight young people.

Recent study in Adolescents

Intervention products formulated with SUPRO® Soy Protein, part of DuPont™ Danisco® ingredient range

No Snacking(- Control)

(NS)

High Fat

(+ Control)

(HF)

High Protein

(HP)

Snack Water Pudding & WaterPudding &

Water

Energy Content (kcal) 0 259 266

Total Mass (g) 217 400 400

Protein (g) 0 4 26

Carbohydrates (g)Sugar (g)

Fiber (g)

00

0

3219

2

2719

2Fat (g) 0 12 6

Leidy et al. 2015; J Nutrition; Jul; 145(7): 1614-22

Crossover Study in 31 Healthy Adolescents (age: 17±1 y)

Aim: To examine the effects of a nutrient-rich, high-protein snack vs. a typical nutrient-poor, high-fat snack vs. no snack on appetite

control, satiety, & subsequent food intake mood, and cognition in adolescents.

Study Details

Testing Day (6 ½ h)

Outcomes• Time to Dinner Request (Eating Initiation)• Pre and Post-snack Perceived Appetite & Satiety

Net Incremental Area Under the Curve (niAUC)

• Energy Content & Macronutrient Composition of: Ad libitum Dinner, Evening Snacks, & Daily Intake

• Food Selection/Choice Evening Snacks

Meals• Standardized Breakfast: Quesadilla & Pineapples (438 ± 24 kcal)• Standardized Lunch: Turkey Pita, Chips, Applesauce (452 ± 9 kcal)• Ad libitum Dinner (4000 kcal; 210g Protein/246g CHO/229g Fat)• Ad libitum Evening Snacks (7000 kcal; 162g Protein/1040g CHO/227g Fat)

3- day At Home Snack Acclimation

Results: Appetite Response

Data is graphically truncated (on the line graph) to illustrate fullness changes prior to the mean dinner request within each patternLeidy et al. 2015; J Nutrition; Jul; 145(7): 1614-22

a

b

c

Different letters denote sig., p<0.05

Eating Initiation


Dinner was requested at

~5:40 pm (5 ½ h post-lunch)

For the NS pattern

• HP snack, but not the HF

snack, delayed eating (~20

min) vs. NS (P<0.05)

• HP tended to delay eating

(~10 min) vs. HF (P=0.08)

Energy Intake

NS(- control)

HF

(+ control)

HP

Energy (kcal) 1646 ± 167a 1310 ± 127b 1202 ± 123b

CHO (g) 255 ± 27a 203 ± 20b 189 ± 20b

Protein (g) 34 ± 5a 26 ± 3b 23 ± 3b

Fat (g) 58 ± 6a 47 ± 5b 42 ± 5b

Different letters denote sig., P<0.05

Dinner: On average, the participants consumed ~ 780 kcal with no differences in energy or macronutrient content between patterns.

Evening Snacking:

Both snacks reduced energy & macronutrient content vs.

NS (both, P<0.05) with no differences between snacks.

Differences in the types of foods selected were noted.

Daily energy intake


Diet Quality:

Compared to No Snacking,

High Protein Snacking led to:

• +10 g total protein (p<0.05)

• -10 g total fat (p=0.08)

• -1940 kJ (464 kcal) high

fat/sugar evening snacks

(p<0.01)


Daily energy intake



Diet Quality:

Compared to High Fat Snacking, High Protein Snacking led to:

• +10 g total protein (p<0.05)

• -20 g total fat (p<0.05)

• -510 kJ (122 kcal) high fat/sugar evening snacks

(p=0.09)

• +70% dietary compensation (p=0.16)

Summary of Findings

• The consumption of 260 kcal afternoon snacks led to reductions in appetite, increases in satiety, & reductions in evening intake compared to no snacking.

• The high-protein snack led to further improvements by delaying eating initiation, reducing the consumption of high fat/high sugar foods throughout the evening, & improving overall diet quality vs. high-fat snack.

• Afternoon snacking, particularly on foods rich in high qualitysoy protein, beneficially influenced certain aspects of mood and cognition.

• Removing an afternoon snack does not reduce daily intake

or improve diet quality in adolescents who frequently snack.

Follow-up study presented at Experimental Biology, (FASEB, 2016)

�Research supports a role for higher protein diets for maintenance of healthy body composition; however, the majority of studies have been conducted in adults.

� It is unknown if increasing daily protein intake in a free-living environment will affect body composition in young children.

� Soy is a lean source of high quality protein, highly digestible and meeting all the amino acid needs to support growth and development.

Can incorporation of lean, high quality protein snacks in daily diet support long-term

positive effects in young people?

Hypothesis: Children consuming a higher protein diet,

from incorporation of soy-based breakfast & snack

foods, will experience improvements in body

composition compared with children consuming a

standard protein diet.

Protein Quality of commonly consumed proteins

SUPRO Isolated Soy Protein

PDCAAS is the globally recognized method for

determining protein quality based on amino acid profile

and digestibility

(ISP)

Soy is a High Quality Protein - PDCAAS (Protein

Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score)

� PDCAAS = 1.00

� Comparable to milk & egg protein

� Can be consumed

throughout the life

cycle

� The only complete

vegetable protein

widely available

� Isolated soy protein

is low in fat,

saturated fat, cholesterol-free

and lactose-free

Across the lifespan, soy protein is a high quality protein that can play a role in:

Child Nutrition• healthy growth and development, tool against childhood obesity, early start

to a healthy heart, and a high quality alternative to dairy protein

Weight Management• soy protein helps improve body composition and induces satiety

Muscle Health • soy protein enhances muscle synthesis and promotes muscle growth

Healthy Aging• soy protein supports heart health by improving risk factors associated with

CVD, such as circulating cholesterol

• may improve muscle health and body composition & function

SUPRO® Soy protein part of DuPont™ Danisco® ingredient range is a high quality protein

Child Nutrition• healthy growth and development, tool against childhood obesity, early start

to a healthy heart, and a high quality alternative to dairy protein

Weight Management• soy protein helps improve body composition and induces satiety

Muscle Health • soy protein enhances muscle synthesis and promotes muscle growth

Healthy Aging• soy protein supports heart health by improving risk factors associated with

CVD, such as circulating cholesterol

• may improve muscle health and body composition & function

SUPRO® Soy protein part of DuPont™ Danisco® ingredient range is a high quality protein 10

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registered trademarks or trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates.

Thank you!

19

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Can snacking really be good for today’s teens? - Vitafoods Europe 2016

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