Calculate the binding energy of a tritium nucleus, 3 1 H, in Joules and eV Proton mass = 1.67262 x...
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Transcript of Calculate the binding energy of a tritium nucleus, 3 1 H, in Joules and eV Proton mass = 1.67262 x...
Calculate the binding energy of a tritium nucleus, Calculate the binding energy of a tritium nucleus, 3311H, in H, in
Joules and eV Joules and eV Proton mass Proton mass = 1.67262 x 10= 1.67262 x 10-27 -27 kgkgNeutron mass Neutron mass = 1.67493 x 10= 1.67493 x 10-27 -27 kgkg
Tritium nucleus Tritium nucleus = 5.00641 x 10= 5.00641 x 10-27 -27 kgkg
Electron charge Electron charge = 1.6 x 10= 1.6 x 10-19 -19 CC
Do now:Do now:Wednesday, April 19, 2023
Hint:Hint:
Solution:Solution:
EEbindingbinding = m = mdeficitdeficitcc22
textbook, page 208textbook, page 208
1) Define binding energy per nucleon (p209)1) Define binding energy per nucleon (p209)
2) Sketch and describe the binding energy 2) Sketch and describe the binding energy curves (p209, 210)curves (p209, 210)
3) Describe nuclear fusion and fission 3) Describe nuclear fusion and fission in terms of binding energy per nucleon in terms of binding energy per nucleon (p210 – 213)(p210 – 213)
Today’s Learning OutcomesToday’s Learning Outcomes
Binding Energy per NucleonBinding Energy per Nucleon
Mass number50 100 150 200
Binding energy
per nucleon
(MeV)
2
4
6
856Fe
238U4He
7Li
Fusion Fission
Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission Breaking large unstable nuclei into smaller onesBreaking large unstable nuclei into smaller ones
1 2350 92n U 141
56Ba9236Kr
103 n
Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission
When a large nucleus is split into smaller When a large nucleus is split into smaller fragments, the fragments have fragments, the fragments have less massless mass per nucleonper nucleon
The lost mass is The lost mass is released as energyreleased as energy in in the form of kinetic energy of neutrons and the form of kinetic energy of neutrons and gamma raysgamma rays
Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission
Only one Only one neutron is neutron is needed to needed to start the start the reaction, but reaction, but several are several are producedproduced
n
UBa Kr
n n n
UBa Kr
n n n
UBa Kr
n n n
UBa Kr
n n n
This can start a “This can start a “chain reactionchain reaction” if there is a ” if there is a “ “critical masscritical mass” of Uranium” of Uranium
Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission
If the chain reaction is controlled it can be used in a nuclear If the chain reaction is controlled it can be used in a nuclear reactorreactor
- control rods (made of cadmium) absorb neutrons and prevent the chain - control rods (made of cadmium) absorb neutrons and prevent the chain reaction occurring too rapidlyreaction occurring too rapidly
If it is uncontrolled it explodes as a nuclear or atomic bombIf it is uncontrolled it explodes as a nuclear or atomic bomb
Nucelar Fission and FusionNucelar Fission and Fusion
Mass number50 100 150 200
Binding energy
per nucleon
(MeV)
2
4
6
856Fe
238U4He
7Li
Fusion Fission
Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion The joining of two small nuclei to form one larger oneThe joining of two small nuclei to form one larger one For example:For example:
This is the process that powers the sunThis is the process that powers the sun nHeHH 10
42
31
21
Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion
Fusing two light atoms together results in Fusing two light atoms together results in a nucleus with a nucleus with less massless mass per nucleon per nucleon
The lost mass results in a The lost mass results in a release of release of energyenergy
Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion
Fusion requires extreme temperature (eg Fusion requires extreme temperature (eg millions of degrees) to occur, and has not millions of degrees) to occur, and has not practically and economically been used in practically and economically been used in power generation (yet….)power generation (yet….)
Hydrogen bombs have been successfully Hydrogen bombs have been successfully made, but require a fission reaction to made, but require a fission reaction to provide the necessary temp.provide the necessary temp.