Proton Mass and EoS for Compressed Baryonic Matter
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Transcript of Proton Mass and EoS for Compressed Baryonic Matter
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Proton Mass and EoS forCompressed Baryonic Matter
ATHIC 14/11/12
Mannque Rho(Saclay and Hanyang)
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QCD Phase
???
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Next Era
KoRIA FAIR LIGO
EoS for T~ 60 MeV & n ~ 4n0
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Questions
Now that the higgs-like boson (“H”) is discovered, do we understand where the proton mass comes from? Is there a connection between “H” and what gives mass to the proton (“h”)?
How to see “h”?
No
Yes, with different scales
Nuclear physics
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Where does the mass – that we see -- come from?
Masses of Busan, Molecules, Atoms, Nuclei: = Sum of masses of constituents + e (binding energy) Constituents: protons, neutrons (+ electrons)
Nuclear BE < 1%
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Mass right around us
•Proton/Neutron Mass=938/940 MeV
Constituents: Quarks and gluons
• Proton= uud ; Neutron= udd
Sum of “current-quark” masses ≈ 10 MeV
Where do ~ 99% of the mass come from?
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QCD
“ Energy stored in the motion of the (nearly) massless quarks and energy in massless gluons that connect them”
Proton mass ≈ 1 GeV
“Mass without mass”
• QCD on lattice explains the proton mass within ~ 10% .
F. Wilczek:
“Shedding” the mass = unbreaking symmetries
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Spontaneously Broken Symmetries: Lattice
Trace anomaly:
Chiral Symmetry Scale Symmetry
Tc
1
0.5D
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Story of Scalar named Dilaton
When chiral symmetry is restored at Tc , scale symmetryIs still broken “explicitly broken” scale symmetry (D)
Attribute “spontaneously broken scale symmetry” to
At the critical point, both broken chiral symmetry and spontaneously broken scale symmetry are restored
“dilaton” = Goldstone boson
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It is not but <c> that enters in BR scaling !!!
Dilepton measurements?
Beautiful experiments
Did they probe <c> or ?
Neither
NOTE!!
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Dilatons at TeV and GeV Scales
Electroweak • Lew ~ 4pfh ~ 3TeV• Higgs-like
technidilaton ch
• Large anomalous dimension
• mh =125 GeV << Lew
• EW (techni) skyrmion at mass ~ TeV
• Dark matter candidate
QCD• Lchiral ~ 4pfp ~ 1 GeV• s-like dilaton c• strong 2-quark, 4-
quark and gluonium mixing
• ms ≈ 0.6 GeV < Lchiral
• Baryonic skyrmion at mass ~ GeV
• Physics of compact stars
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The Proton Mass
0 m0
m0 is chirally invariantIf m0 is large, parity-doubling in baryonsIf too small, nuclear physics goes haywire
Where does m0 come from and how large is nuclear physics problem.
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Calculating the proton mass
Start low energy with chiral symmetry: p
Gauge equivalence HLS: p, r, w ... Large Nc Lchiral ~ 4pfp ~ 1 GeV
Trace anomaly dilaton c
Only unknown: dilaton mass
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Baryons appear as skyrmionsso the proton is a skyrmion
Same story with techni-skyrmionat ~ 10 TeV
Ellis and Karliner 2012
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How Does Dilaton Affect Proton?
Heavy dilaton with mass >> L 4pfp mN 1500 MeV
Light dilaton with mass < L mN 900 MeV
So proton prefers low-mass dilaton
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Dense Matter
Same reasoning in density as in temperature.Has been shown in terms of the bag constant treated à la RMF theory
When chiral symmetry is restored, SBSSis restored, but there is explicit symmetrybreaking (i.e., non-zero bag constant).
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T
Spontaneously Broken Symmetries: Lattice
Chiral Symmetry Scale Symmetry
Tc
1
0.5D
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In-Medium
The dilaton as Walecka s meson binds nucleons againststrong short-distance repulsion at normal density.
The mechanism that brings the scalar mass from the chiral scale down to ~ 600 MeV must play a crucialrole as density increases in nuclear and neutron-star matter.
Put skyrmions on crystaland squeeze dense matter
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Skyrmions on crystal
Simulate dense matter by putting skyrmions in FCC crystals and squeeze them: ½-skyrmions in CC appear at n1/2 (1.5-2.0) n0
skyrmions Half-skyrmions
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Half-Skyrmion Phase
on the average but <c>≠ 0
And p is present, i.e., fp ≠ 0
And baryons (bound ½-skyrmions) are present
InhomogeneousQuarkyonic?
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Half-skyrmion phase“Topological phase transition”
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G.E. Brown & MR, 2008
Topology change
Drastic effect on tensor force
Parameters of the effective Lagrangianchange at the point of topology change
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Tensor forces p, r
N
Tensor forces play a crucial role in shell evolution
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Changes to Tensor Forcesn/n0
123
(a) (b) Scenarios In Nuclear structure
Without topology change With topology change
KoRIA physics
p exchange
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Effect on Symmetry Energy
“Symmetry energy is dominated by the tensor forces”:
Esym
n
(a) Without topology change (b) With topology change
Schematically predicts
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n1/2 = (1.5-2.0) n0
Symmetry Energy Esym Dong, Kuo, Lee, Rho
KoRIA?
Gives missing explanation for transition from “soft” to “hard” EoS!
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EoS Dong, Kuo et al 2012
Symmetric matter Neutron matter
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Compact Star Mmax vs. R
Shapiro delay M = 1.970.04 M⊙ R = 11-15 km
Dong, Kuo, Lee, Rho 2012
R (km)
Mmax =2.4 Msun
R = 11 km
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Maximum density in 2.4 Msolar
~ 5.5 n0 arena of FAIR and LIGO
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Summary
Dense baryonic matter (at KoRIA, FAIR…) will unbreak ``bit by bit” chiral/scale symmetry
Will probe origin of the proton mass tied to the trace anomaly and the dilaton (resembling technidilaton for higgs-like boson)
Mass and radius of compact stars will uncover the mystery of proton mass.
Gravity wave (LIGO) will measure EoS at T~ 60 MeV and n ~ 4 n0. Will communicate with FAIR!!