C Mechanical Harvest

8/12/2019 C Mechanical Harvest

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SUITABILITY OF THE NEW POLISHBLACKCURRANT CULTIVARS FOR

MECHANICAL FRUIT HARVEST

Pluta S. urawicz E.Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture

96-100 Skierniewice, Poland


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Premises for undertaking studies

Big economic importance (1st . place in the world in the fruitsproduction, 30-40% of the world production of the blackcurrant),

Great interest in the commercial and amateur cultivation,

High nutrient and health benefits contents of fruits and good

usefulness to the processing and freezing industries,

Construction and production of di fferent types of harvesters inPoland,

Working out the technology of cultivation and maintainingplantations established for fruit picking by harvests,

Good weather and soil conditions for blackcurrant growing inPoland.

Long tradition in blackcurrant production


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AIMS OF STUDIES:

Assessment of the

usefulness of new, Polish

blackcurrant cultivars for

the cultivation on

commercial plantations

established for fruit picking

by di fferent harvesters


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New blackcurrant cult ivars released at the RIPF

Skierniewice and evaluated in the experiment

TISEL TIBEN

ORES RUBENTINES

In 2000

The List of Cultivars and Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) - Poland

In 2005

PBR on the territory of EU till 2030


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MATERIAL and METHODS:Studies were carried out in 2 separate experiments located

on fields of the Experimental Orchard (SD) in Dabrowice

near Skierniewice, Central Poland

EXPERIMENT I establ ished in 1998

Cultivars tested: Tiben, Tisel , Tines

Standard cul tivars: Titania, Ben ConnanBen Lomond

Studies carried out in 2000 - 2006

EXPERIMENT II establ ished in 2002

Cultivars tested: Tiben, Tisel , Tines,Ores and Ruben

Standard cultivars: Ojebyn andTitania

Studies carried out in 2005- 2007

Both experiments were established according to the same arrangement of

random blocks in 4 replications, with 50 bushes per the plot, planted in the

densi ty of 3.80 x 0.50 m (c. 5.000 plants/ha). Bushes of each cul tivar grew in

separate (neighboring) rows, each of the length of about 200 m.

3,8 m

0,5 m


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MATERIAL and METHODS:

Fruits were picked withtwo types of Polish

made harvesters:

1. KPS 4b self-propelled

2. Arek 3 half-row

1

2


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Traits were evaluated in both experiments:

1. Date of ripening (harvesting) of fruits2. Fruit yield [t/ha]

3. Fruit size as a weight of 100 berries [g]

4. Size of bushes (high x width [m2]

5. Field resistance to fungal diseases: [ranking scale 1-5],1 no symptoms, 3 medium, 5 the highest infection

- Powdery mildew (Sphareoctheca mors-uvae),- Leaf spot (Drapenopezisa ribis)

- White pine blister rust (Cronatrium rubicola)

6. Damages of shoots and plants by harvester during fruit picking

In Experiment II, addit ionally were evaluated:

- losses of the fruit yields (fruit left on bushes and droppedon the soil)

- effectiveness of frui t picking by the self-propelled KPS-4bharvester.


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RESULTSEXPERIPMENT I.

2000-2006


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FRUIT YIELD [t/ha]

(Experimental Station at Dbrowice)EXPERIMENT I established in autumn 1998

Average for 2002-2006 harvester picking

6,2

7,3 7,0

8,4

8,0

9,9

0

1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

Titania Ben

Connan

Ben

Lomond

Tisel Tines Tiben


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FIELD RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL DISEASESEXPERIMENT I (average for 2002-2006), [ranking scale 1-5]

1,72,31,06. Tiben2,01,71,0

5. Tines

1,01,41.04. Tisel

2,32,04,03. Ben Lomond

2,11,81,02. Ben Connan

1,02,31,01.Titania

White pine

blister rustLeaf spot

Powdery

mildew

Infection by fungal diseases

Cultivar

Ranking scale: 1-5, 1 no symptoms, 3- medium, 5 very severe symptoms


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BUSH SIZE (high x width) [m2]

EXPERIMENT I established in autumn 1998

Experimental Station Dbrowice

Average for 2000-2006

1,69 1,03 1,18 1,78 1,68 1,98

0,00

1,00

2,00

Titania Ben

Connan

Ben

Lomond

Tisel Tines Tiben

Damages of shoots: the biggest: TITANIA, TISEL, medium: TIBEN, TINES

the lowest : BEN LOMOND, BEN CONNAN


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RESULTSEXPERIMENT II

2005-2007


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-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1416

18

20

22

24

26 15.0

4

19.0

4

23.0

4

27.0

4

1.0

5

5.0

5

9.0

5

13.0

5

April 15 - May 15, 2007

Tempreture[oC

MAXIMUM and MINIMUM TEMPERATURES

Experimental Station (SD) Dbrowicenear Skierniewice, Central Poland 2007

-4,4 -5,0


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3738

47

49

59

62

66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ruben

Tiben

Ojebyn

Tisel

Titania

Tines

Ores

SPING FROST DAMAGES TO FLOWER BUDS,

Experiment II spring 2007 [%]


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FRUIT YIELD [t/ha]

(Experimental Station Dbrowice, 2007(cultivars arranged according to time of fruit r ipening)

Experiment II establ ished in 2002

2007 picking by harvester

5,5

4,5

3,43,9

5,1

5,65,1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Tisel Ojebyn Tines Titania Ores Ruben Tiben


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FRUIT SIZE (weight of 100 berries) [g]

Experimental Station Dbrowice,Experiment II established in 2002

Average for 2005-2007

96

121 121

146

131

150

108

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Ojebyn Titania Tisel Tines Ores Ruben Tiben


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FIELD RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL DISEASESEXPERIMENT II (average for 2005-2007), [ranking scale 1-5]

1,22,01,07. Tiben1,02,91,06. Ruben

1,02,71,05. Ores

1,83,41.04. Tines

1,02,91,03. Tisel1,02,51,02. Titania

2,73,71,01.Ojebyn

White pine

blister rustLeaf spot

Powdery

mildew

Infection by fungal diseases

Cultivar

Ranking scale: 1-5, 1 no symptoms, 3- medium, 5 very severe symptoms


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BUSH SIZE (heigh x width) [m2]

SD Dbrowice, (average for 2005-2007)Experiment II established in 2002

1,32 1,68 1,36 1,20 1,21 1,24 1,74

0,00

1,00

2,00


Shoot damages: the highest - TITANIA medium - TISEL, ORES. RUBEN

the lowest - OJEBYN, TIBEN i TINES


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Effectiveness of fruit picking by harvester [%]

(Experimental Station Dbrowice, 2007)Experiment II - established in 2002

93,788,490,688,394,592,691,3

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0


t/ha

4,5t/ha

5,1t/ha

5,6t/ha

5,1t/ha

3,4t/ha

5,5t/ha

3,9


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CONCLUSIONS

1. New Polish cultivars confirm their high fruit productivity. Moreover, theyproduce large or medium-size fruits.

2. From other studies we know that these cultivars posses high processingsuitability

3. All new Polish cultivars examined in both experiments demonstrate goodusefulness for the fruits picking by harvesters. In this respect, they equal

with the standard cultivars Ojebyn, Ben Lomond and Ben Connan, butthey are better than standard cultivar Titania.

4. Plants of Tisel, Ruben, Ores and Tiben are also resistant or lowsusceptible to the main fungal diseases.

5. Implementation of these cultivars into commercial plantations will allow

further blackcurrant production intensification in Poland.

6. Presented results confirm that the Polish blackcurrant breeding programhas been effective and we except to release next cultivars soon withincreased production value.


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THANK YOU

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