By ZacharySpace TelescopesSpace Telescopes

Contents• 4 = Part 1 – Introduction• 6 - 8 = Part 2 – History• 10 = Part 3 – Fame• 12 - 13 = Part 4 – How Do They Work• 19 - 21 = Part 5 – Launching• 22 – 27 = Part 6 – Timeline

INTRODUCTIONPART 1

IntroductionIn this presentation I’ll talk about space telescopes.

There are some really interesting facts.

Look out for cool images! Carina Nebula: This zoom video shows the location of Hubble's 20th anniversary image of the Carina Nebula in the sky.

I hope you enjoy it!

HISTORY

PART 2

History of Space Telescopes• Telescopes were first invented in 1608 by Hans Lippershey, Sacharias

Jansen and Jacob Metius• These telescopes were optical and used combinations of convex and

concave lens• Early telescopes were used for earth based astronomy • Galileo Galilei improved the telescope• In 1610 he used telescopes to:

– Discover the moons of Jupiter– Spots on the sun– Phases of Venus– Hills & valleys on the Moon

History of Space Telescopes• By the 18th century, telescopes showed planets stars & nebulas• In 1924, American astronomer Edwin Hubble used the 100 inch Hooker

telescope to observe billions of other galaxies besides the Milky Way• In 1923, German scientist Hermann Oberth suggested a telescope

propelled into earth orbit by a rocket• By 1946, astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer wrote about the scientific benefits

of a telescope in space, above Earth’s turbulent atmosphere• So in 1969 US National Academy of Sciences gave approval for the Large

Space Telescope (LST) project• Soon after man walked on the moon• This led to the launch of lot so telescope including the famous Hubble

Space Telescope (HST) in 1990

Timeline

1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2017+

Hans Lippershey invented telescope (1608)

Hans Lippershey invented telescope (1608)

Sputnik I launched (1957)Sputnik I launched (1957)

Hubble launched by Space Shuttle Discovery (1990)

Hubble launched by Space Shuttle Discovery (1990) Orion Project

approximate launch (2017)

Orion Project approximate launch (2017)

Jupiter Project launch (2011)Jupiter Project launch (2011)

Mars rover launch (1965)Mars rover launch (1965)

First manned space mission (1961)

First manned space mission (1961)

James Webb Space Telescope launch (approx. 2013) / approx. Hubble’s end

James Webb Space Telescope launch (approx. 2013) / approx. Hubble’s end

Man on the moon/ Large Space Telescope (LST) project (1969)

Man on the moon/ Large Space Telescope (LST) project (1969)

Galileo Galilei improved the telescope

Galileo Galilei improved the telescope

Hermann Oberth suggested a telescope propelled into space by a rocket (1923)

Hermann Oberth suggested a telescope propelled into space by a rocket (1923)

Lyman Spitzer wrote about the scientific benefits about having a telescope in space (1946)

Lyman Spitzer wrote about the scientific benefits about having a telescope in space (1946)

FAMEPART 3

Famous Telescopes

• One of the most famous telescopes is the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)

• Did you know that the HST had a US$634 million repair because the primary mirror was 0.0002cm out of length?

• THAT’S A RIPOFF!!!!!!!!

Hubble Space Telescope

HOW DO THEY WORK?

PART 4

How They Work

• Here is a diagram of three space telescopes and their components– Spitzer– Hubble – XMM-Newton

• Space telescopes can view the universe in

– Visible light, ultraviolet and Infrared– X-ray, gamma rays– Radio waves

Spitzer

Hubble

XMM-Newton

How They Work

Solar Panels absorb sunlight

and make electricity for

power

Solar Panels absorb sunlight

and make electricity for

power

Batteries store power form the

solar panels

Batteries store power form the

solar panels

Navigation and pointing systems

move the telescope using thrusters (RCS)

Navigation and pointing systems

move the telescope using thrusters (RCS)

HOW DO THEY GET INTO ORBIT?

PART 4

SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS

HOW THEY WORK - PART 4

Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB)

DimensionsLength: 4547 cmDiameter: 371 cm

Nozzle thrust vector control

Approximate weight and thrust (each)Gross weight 583 600 kgInert weight 81 900 kgThrust (se level) 11 800 000 N

SRB/ET thrust attachment

Four separation motors88 964 N thrust

SRB/ET attachment& sway bracesDrogue

chute

Four seperat

MAIN FUEL TANKHOW THEY WORK – PART 4

Main Fuel Tank

The main fuel tank is the main fuel source in a space shuttle. It holds at the top liquid oxygen and in the middle liquid hydrogen. These are mixed to forum liquid fuel to power the main engines.

SHUTTLE OR CAPSULE

HOW THEY WORK – PART 4

Shuttle or Capsule

• The space shuttle or capsule holds cargo, passengers and scientific equipment to do repairs, discovery’s and upgrades.

SATELLITES & OTHER SCIENTIFIC

INSTRUMENTS

HOW THEY WORK – PART 4

Satellites +other scientific instruments

Satellites• Some spacecraft carry

satellites which are a special scientific instrument, which can help us in different ways everyday eg. telling the weather.

Other Instruments• Other spacecraft carry other

scientific instruments eg. space telescopes space shuttles and many more.

FUTURE MISSIONSPART 7

James Webb Space TelescopeThis space telescope is a brand new & is created by NASA. It’s going to replace the Hubble program. It’s approximate launch date is 2013. Its

arrival is 2018.It’ll discover the very first galaxies of the early universe following the Big

Bang. Webb will peer through dusty clouds to stars forming planetary systems, it’s instrument’s will be designed to work primarily in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some compatibility in the visible

range. It’s distance away from earth: 1’000’000 miles away.JWST Movies

JUPITER MISSION (NASA)This mission from NASA is a mission to learn about Jupiter. The

approximate time of arrival is 2015. It’ will discover more about Jupiter and scientists suggest Jupiter is a critical planet for space exploration.

ORION SPACECRAFT (NASA)In 2017 NASA will probably launch a space probe called ‘Orion’. This

project is to replace the old space shuttle program which has retired. It’ll be taller more aerodynamic and quicker.

SUMMARY

One last movie…• NASA overview of Hubble and future space telescope missions

• Other space agencies are also planning space telescopes– European Space Agency (ESA)– Russian Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)– National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA)– Canadian Space Agency (CSA)– United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA)– & many more…

THE END!

Thank you for listening to my presentation!

Zachary

References

http://en.wikipidia.org/wiki/history_of_the_space_telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_telescopeshttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/herschel/overview_prt.htmhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/the_story_prt.htmhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/timeline_prt.htmhttp://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=lihttp://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

QUESTONS?!?!

NOW… ARE THERE ANY OF YOU WANTING YOU TO ASK ME ANY