By: Susan M. Pojerand Lynne Pierce

By: Susan M. Pojerand Lynne Pierce

Characteristics of UrbanizationCharacteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age During the Gilded Age

1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.

2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.

3.3. Pronounced class Pronounced class distinctions -suburbsdistinctions -suburbs

4.4. Squalid living conditions for Squalid living conditions for many.many.

5.5. Political machines.Political machines.

6.6. Ethnic neighborhoodsEthnic neighborhoods..

Apartment Building - Apartment Building - ChicagoChicago

Railway Railway ExchangeExchange

FlatironFlatironBuildinBuildin

g g NYC – NYC – 19021902

WesterWestern n Union Union Bldg, Bldg, NYCNYC

ManhattManhattan Life an Life InsurancInsurance Bldg., e Bldg., NYCNYC

Singer Building - NYC - Woolworth Singer Building - NYC - Woolworth BuildingBuilding

““Dumbbell“ Dumbbell“ TenementTenement

Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving

Inside the TenementsInside the Tenements

Street ChildrenStreet Children

Ellis IslandEllis IslandThe “New Immigrants” Southern & Eastern Europe – Italians, Greeks, Poles, Russians – and Asians

Ellis IslandEllis Island

Waiting for EntryWaiting for Entry

The Test You Can’t Afford The Test You Can’t Afford To FailTo Fail

So So NearNear, yet , yet ….

So So FarFar

The New Colossus……Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, ……her name - Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command………."Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"Emma Lazarus, 1883

Struggling Immigrant Struggling Immigrant FamiliesFamilies

Mulberry Street – “Little Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”Italy”

St. St. Patrick’s Patrick’s

CathedralCathedral

Hester Hester Street – Street – Jewish Jewish SectionSection

Pell St. - Pell St. - Chinatown,NYCChinatown,NYC

Chinese laborers

The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”

Chinese Exclusion Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)Act (1882)

””Black & Tan” SaloonBlack & Tan” Saloon””Black & Tan” SaloonBlack & Tan” Saloon

1890s ”Morgue” – Basement 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement SaloonSaloon1890s ”Morgue” – Basement 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement SaloonSaloon

Bandits’ RoostBandits’ RoostBandits’ RoostBandits’ Roost Mullen’s Alley Mullen’s Alley GangGang

Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

Anti-Immigrant Anti-Immigrant Reaction Reaction

•American Protective Association

•Immigration Restrictive Acts (quotas)

Political Bosses Old Political Bosses Old and Newand New

19th Century boss

Richard Daly – Chicago 1960s

President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-18761876 President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-18761876

Political Bosses and Political Bosses and MachinesMachines

•Tammany Hall - NYCWilliam Tweed

Thomas Nast

Nast attacks TweedNast attacks Tweed

Other Nast CartoonsOther Nast Cartoons

Nast self portrait

Charles Guiteau

Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Civil Service Act.

Civil service jobs now awarded on basis of merit – test required or college education

End of spoils system

Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)

A Dirty CampaignA Dirty Campaign

Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!

Cleveland takes on the bosses Cleveland takes on the bosses

1888 Presidential Election1888 Presidential Election

Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)

Disposing of the SurplusDisposing of the Surplus

1892 Presidential Election

1892 Presidential Election

Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)

Only President to serve split terms

Changing CultureChanging Culture

John Dewey – learning by doing Frederick Law

Olmstead

Mark

Twain

Newspapers & Yellow Newspapers & Yellow JournalismJournalism

JosephPulitzer

WilliamRandolphHearst

Yellow Kid

City TransportationCity Transportation

ShoppingShopping

F.W. WoolworthChain store

Marshall-Fields, 1st dept. store

1st grocery store

Sears,Roebuck

PhotograpPhotographyhy

George Eastman

EntertainmentEntertainment

P.T. Barnum & Col. Tom Thumb

Vaudeville

flyer

BaseballBaseball

FFoooottbbaallll

Walter Camp

Father of Am Football

BasketballBasketball

Boxing - Bare Knuckles to Boxing - Bare Knuckles to Gloves Gloves

John L. Sullivan

Jim Jeffries v. Jack Johnson

The Healthy The Healthy LifeLife

Gym suit 1912