BY:- RAVI MALKAT HARSH JAIN JATIN ARORA CIVIL -2 ND YEAR.
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Transcript of BY:- RAVI MALKAT HARSH JAIN JATIN ARORA CIVIL -2 ND YEAR.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEM(GIS)
BY:-
RAVI MALKAT
HARSH JAIN
JATIN ARORA
CIVIL -2ND YEAR
Geographic – 80% of government data collected is associated with some location in space
Information - attributes, or thecharacteristics (data), can be used to symbolize and provide further insight into a given location
System – a seamless operation linking the information to the geography – which requires hardware, networks, software, data, and operational procedures
…not just software! …not just for making maps!
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information
WHAT IS GIS?
A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial datato study the world
CAPTURE
MANIPULATE &
ANALYSE
INTEGRATE
OUTPUT
RETRIEVAL
STORE
DISPLAY
GIS
ESSENTIALS OF GIS
4 M’S
MEASUREMENT
LAND USE/LAND COVER
CADASTRALAGRICULTUREHYDROLOGY
MAPPING
MONITORING
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT,
DRAINAGE NETWORK
MODEL,TERRAIN MODELS,DTM
ETC.
MODELLING
GIS
MATHEMATICS
SURVEYING
PHOTOGRMATERY
DIGITALPHOTOGRMMET
RY
REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY
STATISTICS
GEOGRAPHY
CARTOGRAPHY
CAD, CACCOMPUTER SOFTWARE
AUTOMATEDCARTOGRPHY
CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES FOR GIS
WE LIVE IN TWO WORLDS
Self-Regulating Managed
Natural World Constructed World
. . . These Are Increasingly In Conflict
The possibilities are unlimited…Environmental impact assessmentResource managementLand use planningTax MappingWater and Sanitation MappingTransportation routingand more ...
WHAT CAN CIVIL ENGG. DO WITH A GIS?
GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference
This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using:
a latitude & longitude a national coordinate system an address a district a wetland identifier a road name
HOW DOES A GIS WORK?
Vectors Topology
Networks
Terrain
Surveys
Images CAD
Drawings
Annotation
Addresses
27 Main St.
Attributes
ABC
107’
3D Objects
Dimensions
GIS PROVIDES DATA INTEGRATION
COMBINING VARIOUS DISPLAY METHODS
SPATIAL TOPOLOGY: lines-nodes-segments
1
3
2
4
AB
C
D
E
Seg “A”
1:500,000 scale map of Harrisburg
1:50,000 scale map of Harrisburg
Vector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines,
polygons Raster
Grid and cells For continuous data such as elevation, slope,
surfaces
A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!
TWO FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF DATA
Raster
Vector
Real World
DATA REPRESENTATION
GIS OBJECTIVES
MAXIMIZE THE EFFICENCY OF PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING.
PROVIDE EFFICENT MEANS FOR DATA DISTRIBUTION AND HANDLING.
ELIMINATION OF REDUNDANT DATABASE-MINIMIZE DUPLICATION.
CAPACITY TO INTEGRATE INFORMATION FROM MANY SOURCES.
COMPLEX ANALYSIS/ QUERY INVOLVING GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCED DATA TO INTEGRATE NEW INFORMATION.
HOW ITS MAKE CIVIL ENGG. WORK EASIER????
Problem Statement – ?????
Formulate the question
Mitigate and change Seek solutions
Observe, acquire data
Geospatialdata
Ground-BaseddataOther
Ancillarydata
Analyze
Socio-Economic
data
1. PROXIMITY ANALYSIS
Two or more data layers are overlaid GIS creates buffers around features on a
particular layer This allows analyses such as flood zone
delineation and features near a route such as hotels along a bike route.
2. QUERY AND OVERLAY ANALYSES
Query building is a data exploration operation Example statement: ‘([acres] > 500 AND [age] >
55)’ This would highlight all land parcels of greater
than 500 acres owned by people older than 55 years old in a data set loaded into the GIS.
Map algebra with raster data, in this type of operation mathematical operations are done on each pixel of multiple data layers. This results in a new data layer that is calculated from all the input layers.
3. PLANNING FOR UNDERDEVLOPED AREA
4. 3-D MINE WITH DATA
GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. department of Defence.
GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use.
GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.
There are no subscription fees or
setup charges to use GPS.
THANK YOU