By - pubs.usgs.gov · The ICP-AFS procedure used in. this study is described by Sanzolone and Meier...
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Analytical data and sample locality map for stream water samples from the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska By J. E. Gray, J. L. Ryder, R. F. Sanzolone, J. B. McHugh, and W. H. Ficklin Open-File Report 88-55 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature." Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. 1988
Transcript of By - pubs.usgs.gov · The ICP-AFS procedure used in. this study is described by Sanzolone and Meier...
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Analytical data and sample locality map for
stream water samples from the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska
By
J. E. Gray, J. L. Ryder, R. F. Sanzolone,
J. B. McHugh, and W. H. Ficklin
Open-File Report 88-55
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature." Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS.
1988
CONTENTS
Tage
Studies Re] ated to AMRAP. .................................... .1
Introduction................................................. 1
General Geology.............................................. 1
Methods of Study ............................................ 3
Samp]e Media............................................3
Samp]e Collection ....................................... 4
Samp]e Analysis ......................................... 4
Rock Analysis Storage System (RASS).......................... 5
References Cited.............................................H
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Index map of the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska. ..... .2
Plate? 1. Sample locality map of theIditarod quadrangle, Alaska. ............... .in pocket
TABLES
Table 1. Geochemical data of stream water samples from the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska....
STUDIES RELATED TO AMRAP
The U.S. Geological Survey is required by the Alaska National Interests Lands Conservation Act (Public Law 96-487, 1980) to survey certain Federal lands to determine their mineral values. Results from the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) must be made available to the public arid be submitted to the President and Congress. This report is one of a series of publications that presents geochemicaJ and mineralogicaL data determined during the mineral assessment study of the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska. The analytical results of the stream water samples collected during the study are presented in this report.
INTRODUCTION
During the summers of .1984-86, a reconnaissance geochemical survey was conducted in the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska (Fig. 1). The quadrangle is bounded by latitude 62°N to 63°N and by longitude 156°W to 159°W. The area comprises approximately 6,700 mi 2 (17,3,r-0 km2 ) in the west-central portion of the Alaskan interior and includes the Beaver Mountains and part of the Kuskokwirn Mountains. Part of the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge is located in the northwestern corner of the quadrangle and is also included in the study area. The quadrangle is sparse.1 y populated with two small communities at Flat and Takotna and a few isolated mining camps. Few roads exist throughout the quadrangle and access to much of the area is limited to travel by air or foot. However, boat access is possible on some of the larger rivers.
The terrain is dominated by low rolling hills and broad sediment filled lowlands. This terrain is best exemplified by the Kuskokwim Mountains in the central portion of the quadrangle. The most rugged topographic expression occurs in the Beaver Mountains and a few other mountain peaks scattered throughout the quadrangle. The maximum elevation, 4,055 ft (1,236 m), in the quadrangle is located in the northern Beaver Mountains. Much of the western portion of the quadrangle is swampy, especially Ln the Yetna and Iditarod River basins. Most of the quadrangle is covered with vegetation that ranges from northern latitude forests to subarctic tundra.
GENERAL GEOLOGY
Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Kuskokwim Group form the dominant bedrock in the Iditarod quadrangle. These rocks consist of thick sequences of intercalated sandstones, shales, and conglomerates (Bundtzen and Laird, 1983). Rocks of the Kuskokwim
300 KM
Figure 1. Index map of the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska.
Group primarily represent deep water turbidite facies, but lesser amounts of shallow shoreline facies rocks also occur in the sequences (Miller and Bundtsen, 1987). These rocks have been deformed into northeast trending sync.lines and anticlines; high- angle faults appear to parallel these folds. A major northeast trending strike-slip transcurrent fault, the Iditarod-Nixon B'ork fault, transects the central portion of the quadrangle.
Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary volcanoplutoriic complexes intrude or overlie the Kuskokwim sedimentary rocks at several localities. These complexes consist of basalt and andesite volcanic flows that are in fault contact with or overlie monsonite plutons. Emplacement of these rocks is apparently controlled by the high-angle faults. An extensive felsic to mafic volcanic field, that is coeval with the; volcanoplutoni c complexes, covers much of the western portion of the Tditarod quadrangle (Miller and Bundtzen, .1987),
Precambrian to late Paleozoic rocks that represent parts of the Innoko, Ruby, and possibly Kilbuck terranes are exposed in a narrow belt, in the west-central part of the Iditarod quadrangle. The extension of the Innoko terrane in the quadrangle consists of Mississippian to Jurassic chert and volcanic rock (M. L. Miller, written commun., 1987). The Ruby terrane is composed of greensohist facies metamorphio rocks of probable Precambrian to Pa 1 e o s o i c a ge (An ge 1 on i a r; d M i 11 e r, 1985). T h e po s s i b 1 e K i 1 b s; c. k terrane equivalent consists of amphibolite grade rocks that yield a Proteroaoic protolith age, but have a complex metarnorphie history (Miller and Bundtaen, 1987), All three units are poor.ly exposed as narrow northeast-southwest trending belts,
A relatively minor exposure of ultramafic and mafic rocks has been mapped in the northern-most central, portion of the quadrangle. These rocks are probably correlative with the Jurassic ophielites of the Yukon-Koyukuk trend further to the north in the Ophir quadrangle (Miller and Angeloni, 1985).
METHODS-OF STUDY
Sample Media
Geochemical results presented in this paper are from stream water samples that were collected from active channels of perennial first-order (unbranched) streams and second-order (below the junction of two first, -order) streams, as determined from topographic maps (scale 1:83,360). The area of the drainage basins ranged from 1 mi 2 (2.59 km2 ) to about 5 ml 2 (13 km"). Sampling density was approximately 1 sample site per 9 mi- (23.3 km2 i. Cample localities are shown on Plate 1.
S amp1e C o11e c t i on
Water samples were collected from as many streams as possible in the study area. At each site, both an urifiltered and a filtered water sample was collected. Approximately 250 ml,< of unfiltered water was taken directly from the stream ire polypropylene bottles that were thoroughly rinse>d w.i th the stream water at each site. Approximately 100 rnL of the stream water was filtered through a 0.45-micron Millipore filter at each sample site. Filtered water samples were stored in polypropylene bottles that were rinsed on site with a liberal amount of the filtered water. The filtered water samples were acidified with about 5 drops of concentrated nitric acid to prevent precipitation of metals and bacterial growth. Duplicate samp-lea were collected randomly throughout the study area and are designated with Dl, D2, D3, and D4 suffixes in Table 1.
Sample Analysis
The trace constituents lithium (Li), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), and sine (Zn) were determined directly from acidified stream water samples (Table 1) by inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ICP- AFS). The ICP-AFS procedure used in. this study is described by Sanzolone and Meier (1986). Arsenic (As) was analysed on acidified stream waters by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) using a method adapted from Perkin- Elmer (1977). The anions suJfate (S04- - ), nitrate (NOa- ), fluoride (F~), chloride (Cl~), and nitrite (N0a~) were determined by ion chromatography on unfiltered water samples following the procedure designed by Fishman and Pyen (1979). Uranium (IT) was determined on unfiltered water samples by laser excited fluorescence using the method of Scintrex (1979), Replicate analysis of laboratory standards indicates a analytical precision of about + 5 percent for all analytical procedures used in this study. The lower limits of determination for the elements listed in Table 1 are as follows:
As. ..........
Cd. ..........Cu. ..........Fe. ..........U. ...........K. ...........
.............. 1
.............. .1
.............. 1
.............. 1i
...........0.10
.............. 1
PPb
ppbPpbppbppb
ppbZn......................... 1 ppbS04.....................0.01 ppmNOs.....................0.01 ppmF~ ...................... 0.01 ppmCl" .................... .0.01 ppmNC>2 ".....................0.1 ppm
ROCK ANALYSIS STORAGE SYSTEM
Upon completion of all analytical work, the geoehemical results were entered into a computer-based file called Rock Analysis Storage System (RASS). This data base contains both descriptive geological information and the analytical data. Any or all of tlris information may he retrieved and converted to a binary form (STATPAC) for computerised statistical analysis or publication (VanTrump and Miesch, 1977).
REFERENCES CITED
Angeloni, L. M. , and Miller, M. L. , 1985, Greenschist fadesmetamorphic rooks of north-central Iditarod quadrangle, in Bartsch-Winkler, Susan, ed. , The U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska--Accomplishments during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 967, p. 19-21.
Bundtsen, T. K., and Laird, G. M., 1983, Geologic map of the Iditarod D-l quadrangle?, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Professional Report 78, 1 map, scale ];G3,360.
Fishman, J. J., and Pyen, G., 1979, Determination of selected anions in water by ion chromatography: U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 79-101, 30 p.
Miller, M. L., and Angeloni, L. M. , 1985, Ophioi.it.lc rocks of the Iditarod quadrangle, west-central Alaska (abs): American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v, 69, no. 4, p. 669-670.
Miller, M. L. , and Bundtsen, T. FC. , 1987, Geology and mineralresources of the Iditarod quadrangle, west-central Alaska, in. Sachs, J. S. , ed. , U.S.G.S. Research on Mineral Resources, 1987--Programs and Abstracts: U. S. Geological Survey Circular 995, p. 46-47.
Perkin-Elmer Corporation, 1977, Analytical methods for atomic- absorption spectrophotometry, using the FIGA graphite furnace: Norwalk, Connecticut, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, 208 p.
Sansolone, R. F., and Meier, A. L., 1986, Determination of Ca,Mg, Na, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li, and Zn in acid mine and reference water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrornetry: The Analyst, v. Ill, p. 645 649.
Scintrex Corporation, 1979, IJA-3 uranium analyser: Toronto, Canada, 45 p.
VanTrump, George, Jr., and Miesch, A. T., .1977, The U. S.Geological Survey RASS-STATPAG system for management, and statistical reduction of geochemical data: Computers and Geosciences, v. 3, p. 475-488.
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TABLE 1, 6EOCHEHIDAL DATA FOR MATERS FRDH THE IDITARDD QUADRANGLE, ALASKA.--Continued
Saiple
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Latitude
62 3562 3562 3662 3162 462 462 362 362 362 2
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62 362 362 462 762 962 1462 162 762 862 4
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