By...Loss of Honey Bees as Pollinators n More than 50% of managed colonies have been lost in 50...
Transcript of By...Loss of Honey Bees as Pollinators n More than 50% of managed colonies have been lost in 50...
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Beekeeping Basics
By Paul Dietmann Sauk Co. UWExtension Agricultural Agent
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Why Keep Bees?
n Honey – Another product to market n Pollination
n Value to US Agriculture $40 billion/yr n Worth 5060 times the value of honey & wax
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Loss of Honey Bees as Pollinators
n More than 50% of managed colonies have been lost in 50 years; 25% in just five years
n Populations of native pollinators also in steep decline – 7090% of wild bees lost in many states
n More than 90% of flowering plants depend on pollinators to produce seed
Source: Smithsonian Institute’s ZooGoer, Jan/Feb., 1999
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40% Watermelons 80% Sunflowers 60% Carrots 90% Cabbage 90% Asparagus 30% Strawberries 50% Pears 60% Cherries 80% Apples
Crop Loss Without Honey Bee Pollination
Crop
Dependence of Selected Crops on Honey Bee Pollination
Source: World Resources Institute, 2000
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You don‛t have to produce honey to reap huge benefits
from keeping bees!
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Basic Equipment: Mesh helmet; folding veil; smoker with fuel and lighter; electric uncapping knife; hive tool; bee brush; sting resistant gloves.
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$3 Bee brush
$76 TOTAL (not necessary to start) Electric knife
$5 Hive tool $7 Gloves $34 Smoker $14 Veil $13 Mesh helmet
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A typical brood setup: Bottom board, two deep supers, 20 frames, an inner cover (not visible in this photo), and a telescoping outer cover.
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Open hive showing inner cover.
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$3 Nails, paint
$159 $76 Plus basic equipment $83 TOTAL $14 Outer cover
$7 Inner cover $30 20 Deep frames & foundation $20 2 Deep supers $9 Bottom board
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Two “packages” of bees
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A twopound package of bees with syrup can.
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$197 TOTAL
$159 Plus equipment
$38 Twopound pkg. of bees
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Queen cage
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The presenter’s beeyard. Hives face southeast with a windbreak to the north.
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Installation of a package of bees.
Queen cage
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Feeding bees after installation.
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Feeding Bees
n Feed from installation to dandelion bloom n Feed a 1:1 or 2:1 (sugar:water) syrup n Pail feeders work well n Pollen substitute??
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$2 Sugar
$203 TOTAL
$197 Plus previous amount
$4 Pail feeder
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Brood nest with eggs visible in cells.
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Capped larval cells.
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Worker bee covered with pollen and carrying full pollen sacks.
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Honey Flow Management
n Add honey super as frames in brood nest fill n When 56 frames of honey are capped, add another
n Use mediumdepth (65/8”) supers n Queen excluder??
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Burr comb filled with honey covering the top of a shallow super. Indicates that the bees need another honey super.
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$274 $203 Plus previous amount $71 TOTAL $8 Queen excluder $42 30 frames & foundation $21 3 Mediumdepth supers
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Typical colony with two deep supers, queen excluder, and shallow honey supers above the excluder.
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Gregg Coenen’s beeyard near Prairie du Sac, WI
How did I manage to get myself into this??!!
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Honey Harvest
n Mid to late August in Wisconsin n Getting bees out of the supers
n Brush n Bee escape n Fume board
n Take only capped honey n Protect it from robbers
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$291 $274 Plus previous amount $17 TOTAL $15 Fume board & “Bee Go” $2 Bee escape 0 Bee brush
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Extracting Honey n Keep supers warm and dry n Borrow an extractor n Get free 5gallon buckets from bakeries or delis
n Borrow an electric knife or use a warm filet knife for “uncapping”
n Extracting is messy…do it in the garage
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Automatic uncapper at Dan Licht’s (Honey Boy Honey Co.)
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Manual uncapper at Paul Dietmann’s.
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Electric extractor with cappings tank to the left.
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Handcrank Extractor
Cranky extractor
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Double sieve below the honey gate catches wax and other impurities before honey is stored. Honey is run through cheese cloth as it is being bottled
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$5 Cheese cloth
$296 $291 Plus previous amount
$0 Free 5gallon buckets $0 Borrowed electric knife $0 Borrowed extractor
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Bottling and Selling n Wide variety of bottles available. I use canning jars and squeeze bears
n Honey is exempt from food processing regs n Current (2004) retail prices:
n Pints $5.50 n Quarts $9.00 n Ross Rounds $5.33
Source: Bee Culture magazine, p. 11, Feb. 2004
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Bottling bucket with honey gate. Foodgrade buckets are available from bakeries. Note hose clamps joined together around rim of bucket to secure cheese cloth.
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What’s It Going to Cost?
$27 40 pint jars, lids, labels
$323 $296 Plus previous amount
$3 Hose clamps $10 Honey gate $0 Bucket
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What could you make?
$72 Expenses – bees, jars, etc. $148 Net income (loss)
$220 Income 40 pints Second Year
($103) First year net income (loss) $323 cost of eqpt., bees, supplies $220 40 pints (60 lb. Crop) @$5.50
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Labor requirements? n Spring – High. Installation, feeding, manipulation to avoid swarming.
n Summer – Low. Check occasionally, add supers as needed.
n Late Summer – High. Remove honey and extract.
n Fall – Medium. Bottling, labeling, marketing. Feeding and wrapping hives for winter.
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A hive ready for a Wisconsin winter. Wrapped with 15# felt tar paper, entrance reducer installed, top hole cut out to allow for ventilation.
Entrance reducer
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Same hive on February 6, 2004. Melted snow around lower entrance indicates that colony is still alive.
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Other things you need to know n Disease and mite control n Winter preparation n Swarm control n Swarm capture n Everything else!
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What about Organic Honey??
n US Organic Honey Standards not yet in place
n No pesticides with 2 miles of hive n Everything natural or organic, including bees, foundation, paint, etc.
n No repellents or other synthetic chemicals n No heating of honey
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Where to get more info n Other local beekeepers n Magazines, particularly Bee Culture and American Bee Journal
n State and Local beekeeping organizations n Beekeeping workshops, particularly University of Minnesota Beekeeping Short Course
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Questions?
Thank you! Paul Dietmann
Sauk Co. UWExtension
505 Broadway, Baraboo, WI 53913