by Beverly Harris - Mrs. McCall's Fifth Grade...

by Beverly Harris

PAIREDREAD Machines to Push and Pull

Informational Text

Program: CR14 Component: LR B-PrintPDFVendor: SRM Grade: 2

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STRATEGIES & SKILLS

G

Photography Credit: Cover Image Source/Gael Conrad/Corbis

**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

ComprehensionStrategy: RereadSkill: Author’s Purpose

PhonicsLong a: a, ai, ay, ea, ei,

eigh, ey

Vocabulary StrategySimiles

Vocabularyamazing, force, measure, objects, proved, speed, true, weight

Content StandardsScience

Physical Science

Word count: 352**

Program: CR14 Component: LR G-PrintPDFVendor: SRM Grade: 2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-118936-6MHID: 0-02-118936-6

Printed in the United States.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 DOC 19 18 17 16 15

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PAIREDREAD Working Together . . . . . . . . . . 17

Essential QuestionHow do the earth’s forces affect us?

PAIREDREAD Machines to Push and Pull . . 17

Genre Expository Text

by Beverly Harris


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Mic

hael

New

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A force pushes or pulls something. Forces can make objects move.

Pushing is a force.

Program: CR14 Component: LRPDF

Vendor: SRM Grade: 2

2

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Ande

rson

Ros

s/Bl

end

Imag

es/C

ORB

IS

You push a door. It opens. You pull a door. It shuts.

STOP AND CHECK

What is a force?

Pulling is a force, too.


3


Jose

Lui

s Pel

aez

Inc/

Blen

d Im

ages

LLC

Gravity pulls the baseball toward the ground.

Gravity is a force. It pulls objects to Earth.

Drop a pencil. It falls. Gravity pulled it. It’s true! You proved gravity works!

4

Program: CR14 Component: LR C-PrintPDFVendor: SRM Grade: 2


Rob

Schu

ster

Friction slows down the mug when it is pushed.

Friction is another force. Friction happens when two things rub against each other. It makes things move more slowly.

pushing force

friction



5


Gae

l Con

rad/

Corb

is

You can see friction work. Visit a park. Watch.

A girl sits on a slide. Gravity pulls her down. Her clothes rub on the slide. Friction changes her speed.

Smooth things, like a slide, make less friction than bumpy things.


6


Oce

an/C

ORB

IS

Children play soccer. They kick the ball. It rubs the grass. This makes friction between the grass and the ball. The ball slows down.

The ball moves faster over short grass than long grass.

STOP AND CHECK

What is friction? What does it do?



7


CORB

IS/S

uper

Stoc

k

Friction helps the children. Their shoes dig into the ground. The friction keeps the children from slipping. The yellow points are cleats that help make friction.



88


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One player kicks the ball up. Gravity pulls it down. There is friction between the ball and the air. The ball slows down.

A kick pushes the ball up high.

STOP AND CHECK

How does friction affect a soccer game? How does gravity affect it?



9


imag

e100

/Pun

chSt

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Get

ty Im

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A skater uses friction, too. The skates roll over the path. This creates friction, so the skater does not fall.

Friction between the ground and the skate keeps the skater from falling.


10


Gre

er &

Ass

ocia

tes,

Inc.

/Sup

erSt

ock

The skater needs to put the stopper down to stop. The stopper drags on the ground. Friction helps the skater stop.

The skater can stop safely.


11


Tim

Lam

an/N

atio

nal G

eogr

aphi

c/G

etty

Imag

es

Pushing on the pedals makes the bike go.

A boy rides a bike. He uses the brakes to stop. The brakes grab the wheels. That causes friction. The bike slows down and stops.

STOP AND CHECK

How does a boy on a bike use friction?



12


Hill

Str

eet S

tudi

os/B

lend

Imag

es/G

etty

Imag

es

The football’s shape helps the ball go faster.

Sometimes we want less friction. That is why a football is pointed. It does not make much friction in the air. It zips through the air like a rocket.



1313


Swimmers put on suits. Their suits make less friction with the water. The swimmers can swim like fish!

Forces are everywhere. Where do you see them?



14


John

Bie

ver/

Spor

ts Il

lust

rate

d/G

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Imag

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Some swimmers wear special suits so they can swim faster.



15


Clue Clue

Author’s Purpose

Summarize

Use details to summarize Forces at Work.

Text Evidence

1. How do you know Forces at Work is expository text? Genre

2. Why do you think the author wrote this book? Author’s Purpose

3. What is a football compared to on page 13? Similes

4. Write about how you use forces. Use details. Write About Reading

Summarize

Text Evidence


16


Compare TextsMachines help us push and pull.

Genre Expository Text

Gravity gives objects weight. We can measure weight. Some things are heavy. They are hard to move.

Machines are tools. They help us work against gravity. Amazing!

Force Push Pull

Moving a grocery cart X

Playing tug-of-war X

Hitting a baseball X


17

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Dav

id R

. Fra

zier

Pho

tolib

rary

, Inc

./Ala

my

RampsA ramp is a simple machine. One end is on the ground. The other is lifted up. People can slide a heavy object up the ramp. That is easier than lifting it.

The workers use a ramp to move the piano safely.



18


Man

chan

/Dig

ital V

isio

n/G

etty

Imag

es

LeversA lever is a simple machine, too. It helps lift heavy things. A wheelbarrow is a lever.

Make ConnectionsHow does friction affect us? Essential Question

Think about a person using a wheelbarrow. Is there any friction? Text to Text

The man uses the handles to move the wheelbarrow.


19


Purpose To see friction at work

What to Do

Work with a partner. Get a toy car with wheels and a wooden block. Go to a place with no carpet.

Take turns pushing the car and block along the floor. Use the same force. Which item goes farther?

Do this again on a carpet. What happens?

Conclusion Tell how the activity shows friction at work.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3



20


Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The TopicWhat is Forces at Work mostly about?

VocabularyWhat new words did you learn in the text?

Author’s PurposeWhy did the author write Forces at Work?

Make Connections Which of the examples from Forces at Work have you seen? Which of the tools from Machines to Push and Pull have you used or seen?



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www.mheonline.com

Grade 2 • Unit 3 Week 1

GR G • Benchmark 12 • Lexile 220

The Earth’s Forces Science



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by Beverly Harris - Mrs. McCall's Fifth Grade...

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