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Transcript of BVN BVN TM PEV1 – Pressure vessels and piping equipment Head Office – Department Technology...
BVNBVN TM PEV1 – Pressure vessels and piping equipment
Head Office – Department Technology Equipment - V0 – November 2009
CONTENT
1 – Objectives2 – Pressure vessels3 - Classification Rules requirements for pressure vessels4 – Piping equipment4 – Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment
1 – Objectives
4Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Pressure vessels – Objectives
• To be familiar with Classification Rules regarding pressure vessels and piping equipment
• Study of Classification Rules requirements for pressure vessels and piping equipment
2 – Pressure vessels
6Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Pressure vessels
FIRED PRESSURE VESSELS (Boilers and thermal heaters)
UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS
• RESERVOIRS
• HEAT EXCHANGERS
• STEAM GENERATORS
PRESSURE VESSELS WITH Maximum Allowable Pressure GREATER THAN
0.5bar
BUREAU VERITASRules for Classification
7Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Pressure vessels
STEAM GENERATORS
• Volume
• Type of fluid
• Phase of fluid / Liquid of gaseous
• Design Pressure
• Design Temperature
• Heating Surface/Maximum
• Steam Output
SCANTLINGS
MATERIALS
MATERIALS
PROPERTIES
CONTENTION AND RELEASE
SHAPE
RESERVOIRS
&
HEAT EXCHANGERS
•Toxic
•Corrosive
Type of Substance
8Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Pressure vessels
9Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Pressure vessels
• Opening reinforcements
10Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Typical pressure vessels
Air receivers
11Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Typical pressure vessels
Shell & tubes heat exchanger
1 – Shell
2 – Header
3 – Cooling fluid
4 – Cover seal
5 – Separation plate (for two pass arrangement)
6 – Header cover
7 – Tube plate
8 – Gaskets
9 – Hot fluid (to be cooled)
10 – Baffle
11 – Tube bundle
12 – Shell branches
13 – Elastomer seals
12Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Typical pressure vessels
Plate heat exchangers
4 – Classification Rules requirements for Pressure vessels
14Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
15Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
Study of Classification Rules requirements
Particular attention to construction, testing and certification requirements :
Part C Ch 1 Sec 3 articles 4 and 7
16Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
Some definitions
17Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
Classification Rules requirements depend on the class
(design review, certification of materials and components, NDE, testing, need for production samples, scope of individual certification)
18Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
19Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
20Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
• Typical characteristics of a pressure vessel
21Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels
• Typical tasks for survey of a pressure vessel :
- Check availability of reviewed drawings (as per type approval as relevant)
- Check materials and components certificates, as relevant
- Check Welding Procedure Specification and Welding Procedure Qualification Records
- Check welders certificates
- Check non-destructive testing operators certification
- Witness hydraulic pressure testing
- General visual examination
3 – Piping equipment
3.1 – Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
24Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Cocks and Valves
Cocks and valves are used to control or interrupt the flow of a number of fluids at various, often varying, pressures and temperatures
Valves can be categorised according to :
• the fluid flow (full way valve like gate valve or butterfly valve, throttle valve like globe valve)
• the flange configuration (in-line or angle)
• the function (flow diversion, dump, relief, safety)
25Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Cock
Closing by rotating the plug
26Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Ball valve
Closing by rotating the ball
27Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Gate valve
Closing by interposing a flat or tapered element (gate or wedge) transversely accross the axis of the opening
28Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Butterfly valve
Consists of a disc pivoted across the bore of a ring body
29Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Globe valve
Closing by pressing a disc or plug axially against the opening
In-line valve Angle valve
30Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Non-return or check valve
Allows the flow in one direction only
31Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves
Relief valve
3.2 – Piping equipment - Pumps
33Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Pumps
Pump
A pump is a device which adds to the energy of a liquid or gas causing an increase in its pressure and perhaps a movement of the fluid
Marine pumps fall into two broad classes :
• Displacement (self priming)
The liquid or gas is displaced from the suction to the discharge by the mechanical variation of the volume of a chamber or chambers, with two subcategories :
• Reciprocating pumps
• Rotary pumps
• Centrifugal (must be primed)
Flow through the pump is induced by the centrifugal force imparted to the liquid by the rotation of an impeller or impellers
34Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Pumps
Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pump Operation
• During the suction stroke, the piston moves to the left, causing the check valve in the suction line between the reservoir and the pump cylinder to open and admit water from the reservoir.• During the discharge stroke, the piston moves to the right, seating the check valve in the suction line and opening the check valve in the discharge line.
Reciprocating pump
35Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Pumps
Rotary pump
Rotary pumps operate on the principle that a rotating vane, screw, or gear traps the liquid in the suction side of the pump casing and forces it to the discharge side of the casing
These pumps are self priming due to their capability of removing air from the suction lines and producing a high suction lift.
36Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Pumps
Rotary pump – Gear type
37Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Pumps
Rotary pump – Screw type
38Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Pumps
Centrifugal pumpA centrifugal pump works on the principle of conversion of the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid (velocity pressure) into static pressure.
The rotation of the pump impeller accelerates the fluid as it passes from the impeller eye (centre) and outward through the impeller vanes to the periphery.
3.3 – Piping equipment - Compressors
40Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Compressor There are 4 basic types of air compressors found in marine applications:
1. Reciprocating or piston compressors
2. Rotary screw compressors
3. Sliding vane compressors
4. Centrifugal compressors
41Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Positive displacement air compressors work by filling an air chamber with air and then reducing the chamber’s volume
Reciprocating or piston compressors are the most common machines
They are positive displacement compressors and can be found in ranges from fractional to very high horsepower
Reciprocating compressors
42Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Reciprocating compressors work in a very similar manner as does as internal combustion engine but basically in a reverse process
They have cylinders, pistons, crankshafts, valves and housing blocks
Reciprocating compressors
43Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Rotary Screw Compressors work on the principle of air filling the void between two helical mated screws and their housing. As the two helical screws are turned, the volume is reduced resulting in an increase of air pressure
Most rotary screw compressors inject oil into the bearing and compression area The reasons are for cooling, lubrication and creating a seal between screws and the housing wall to reduce internal leakage.
Rotary screw compressors
44Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
After the compression cycle, the oil and air must be separated before the air can be used by the air system.
Rotary screw compressors
45Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Rotary Sliding Vane Compressors are positive displacement compressors.
The compressor pump consists of a rotor, stator, and 8 blades. The slotted rotor is eccentrically arranged within the stator providing a crescent shaped swept area between the intake and exhaust ports.
Oil is injected into the air intake and along the stator walls to cool the air, lubricate the bearings and vanes, and provide a seal
between the vanes and the stator wall.
Rotary sliding vane compressors
46Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
After the compression cycle, the oil and air must be separated before the air can be used by the air system
As the rotor turns a single revolution, compression is achieved as the volume goes from a maximum at the intake ports to a minimum at the exhaust port. The vanes are forced outward from within the rotor slots and held against the stator wall by rotational acceleration
Rotary sliding vane compressors
47Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Centrifugal Compressors are not positive displacement compressors. They use very high speed spinning impellers (up to 60,000 rpm) to accelerate the air then a diffuser to decelerate the air.
This process, called dynamic compression, uses velocity to cause an increase in pressure. In most Centrifugal compressors, there are several of these impeller/diffuser combinations.
Centrifugal compressors
48Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Piping equipment - Compressors
Typically, these machines have intercoolers between each stage to cool the air as well as remove the condensate to avoid impeller damage due to erosion.
Centrifugal compressors
3.4 – Piping equipment – Various equipment
50Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Centrifugal purifiers
• To remove certain impurities from fuel and lubricating oils, centrifugal oil/water separators are most widely used
The operating principle for the purifier relies on centrifugal force to separate oil, sludge and water due to their variations of density. A stack of conical plates inside the bowl is rotated by an electric motor.
The oil is forced up from the bottom of the bowl and passes over the rotating plates as it moves through the separator
51Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Centrifugal purifiers
The operating principlefor the purifier relies on the variations in density between :oilsludge andwater
The sludge and water which are heavier than the oil move to the outside of the bowl, leaving clean oil in the centre
52Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Strainers and filters
• Devices designed to prevent the passage of unwanted solids into or further along a system
Duplex filter
Automatic filter
www.bollfilter.de
53Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Automatic closing appliances
Used to close the openings of air pipes in order to prevent the free entry of water into the space concerned
www.kwangsan.com
Air vent head - Disc type
54Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Level gauges
Used to measure levels in tanks
Typical mechanical types
www.whessoe-europe.co.uk
Liquid level gauge – Diaphragm typeLiquid level gauge – Liquid gas type
www.semco-ltd.com
55Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Level gauges
Used to measure levels in tanks
Other types
Float type liquid level indicatorBalance weight float type level indicator
www.semco-ltd.comwww.semco-ltd.com
56Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Typical pipe couplings
www.bollfilter.de
Typically, slip-on joint, grip type
www.straub.ch www.victaulic.com
57Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Expansion joints
• Can be metallic or non-metallic
Axial expansion joints with flanges Lateral expansion joints with flanges
58Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Various piping equipment
Flexible hoses assemblies
• Can be metallic or non-metallic
4 – Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment
60Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment
Study of Classification Rules requirements
Particular attention to construction, testing and certification requirements :
Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 including table 38
61Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009
Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment
Study of Classification Rules requirements :
• Valves, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.7 and articles of various piping systems
• Pumps, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20
• Compressors, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 17
• Purifiers, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12
• Filters, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12
• Closing appliances, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 9
• Level gauges, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12
• Pipe couplings, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.4
• Expansion joints, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.6
• Flexible hoses, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.6
In general Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 Certification, inspection and testing
62Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009