Scientific sectorHot topics, approaches and case studies

The engineering of excellence

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Front cover: Bard College, Center for Science and Computation, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA. Image: Freinknops.This page: Alsion Campus Syddansk University, Denmark Image: 3XNielsen Architects / Adam MorkBack cover: York University Biosciences Research Facility, UK Image: Buro Happold / Adam Wilson

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The current environment presents many challenges to the designers of scientific research facilities.

The requirement to deliver and operate buildings in a more sustainable way will continue to

increase, along with the need to boost research effectiveness by improving the efficiency with

which basic tasks are completed – as well as stimulating the creativity so vital to breakthrough ideas.

Providing flexibility to accommodate changing technology and organisational structures also has

to be considered in the development of scientific facilities, in order to reduce the need for future

investment and avoid scientists having to operate in ‘compromised’ workspaces.

The design and engineering of the physical environment all have a major impact on the issues

facing the scientific sector, and an innovative approach is key in facing these challenges. We are

committed to working with clients and architects to achieve exceptional outcomes, and believe that

innovative thinking is best delivered by taking an interdisciplinary approach to design.

At Buro Happold we understand that real value and great ideas come from interaction between the

different disciplines that deliver complex projects. We have in-house a broad spectrum of engineers

and consultants who are expert in many sectors and who strive to bring about cross-fertilization of

ideas from one area to another. Our specialist design team is well suited to the specific needs of our

scientific clients.

Connecting together our thoughts and learning from Buro Happold’s global network, a number

of important themes and issues have emerged. As you will read in this document, our thorough

knowledge of these issues – together with our technical and creative skills – enable us to design

highly creative and effective scientific environments.

If you have any queries regarding this document, or would like more information on the services

we provide, please do not hesitate to contact me. To find out more about our work in this and other

sectors take a look at www.burohappold.com and go to news > publications.

Andy Parker

Global Sector Director, Buro Happold

andy.parker@burohappold.com

Introduction

Project showcaseDelivering innovative solutions with world class architects

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1 Sunshade2 Rainscreen panel3 Green roof4 Glass-backed fume hoods5 Sunshade6 Curtainwall7 Flexible lab casework system

Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) University of Sheffield, UK Architect: Bond Bryan

Alsion CampusSyddansk University, Denmark Architect: 3XN Architects

Pinderfields Pathology LabWakefield, UK Architect: Building Design Partnership

Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (SCRM)University of Edinburgh, UK Architect: Sheppard Robson

Stanley Primary Care CentreStanley, Durham, UK Architect: Steffian Bradley Architects

Sighthill Campus, Napier UniversityUniversity of Edinburgh, UK Architect: RMJM architects

Wales Institute for Sustainable Education (WISE)Machynlleth, UK Architect: Pat Borer and David Lea Architects

York University Biosciences Research FacilityYork, UK Architect: Anshen Dyer

Bard College, Center for Science and ComputationAnnandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA Architect: Rafael Vinoly Architects PC

Brandeis UniversityMA, USA Architect: Payette

Nanoscience and Quantum Information LaboratoryUniversity of Bristol, UK Architect: Capita Architecture

Open University Jennie Lee BuildingMilton Keynes, UK Architect: Swanke Hayden Connells Architects

Health & Safety LaboratoriesBuxton, UK Architect: DLA Architecture

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8 Optimal environments Designing high quality environments suitable for world class scientific buildings

10 Interactive spaces: Modern science requires spaces that encourage structured and informal interaction

12 Acoustics and vibration: Controlling acoustic and vibration levels protects sensitive laboratory equipment

14 Lighting and ventilation: Effective lighting and ventilation provides comfortable, low energy environments

16 Adding value Delivering elegant and functional buildings that achieve exceptional value

18 Flexible construction and design: Flexible buildings meet present needs while enabling future changes of use

20 Reducing energy costs in operation: Features that reduce energy consumption have environmental and cost saving benefits

21 Post occupancy evaluation: POE assesses buildings to optimise performance and reduce energy costs

21 ICT: A sophisticated, future ready ICT infrastructure facilitates cutting edge technology

22 Sustainable Design Helping clients to meet sustainability targets and create positive working environments

26 Meeting carbon targets: Applying practical, low carbon strategies saves energy and reduces emissions

27 BREEAM and LEED assessment: Tailoring sustainable solutions to individual project requirements ensures targets are met

28 Passive and low energy design: Utilising passive design achieves a sustainable outcome while improving occupant comfort

30 Use of renewable energy sources: Renewable energy sources can contribute to meeting carbon targets and reducing costs

31 Sustainable materials: Using the most appropriate materials can have environmental benefits and aesthetic appeal

32 Working in partnership Collaborating with the client and design team to achieve a holistic approach

34 Stakeholder and client involvement: Working closely with clients and stakeholders ensures all requirements are met

35 Multi-disciplinary working: Our comprehensive range of integrated services adds value to the design process

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The key issuesAn overview of our problem-solving capabilities in the scientific sector

A multi-disciplinary approach is particularly valuable for meeting the specialised demands of the

scientific sector. Good design goes beyond the physical fabric alone – as well as being efficient a

building must be supportive of its purpose. By understanding the complex needs of the sector,

the latest engineering solutions can be applied to provide cutting edge facilities, while creating

stimulating working environments for the occupants.

As pioneers in the use of sustainable strategies and technologies, we are able to influence all areas of the design to deliver a solution that is best suited to a building’s use, while reducing operational costs where possible. Working as part of an integrated team, our engineers are able to advise on issues such as low energy facades, external shading systems, integrated building services and passive climate control.

Summer temperatures and the amount of natural light often present major environmental design challenges which affect the quality of space in laboratory buildings. By optimising natural heating, ventilation

and daylighting in the most environmentally friendly way, it is possible to make a building more comfortable, sustainable and easy to maintain over its entire lifecycle.

Acoustic and vibration levels are another major consideration when designing the right conditions for scientific buildings. Using computer modelling and sound surveys to assess the acoustic environment within a room – as well as external noise and break-in from adjoining rooms – we are able to guide the design to help our clients meet the required acoustic performance targets.

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Improving the scientific experience through quality design

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“By designing ergonomically with ease of operation in mind, we are able to create interactive and efficient working environments that promote world class science.”Andy ParkerGlobal Sector Director, Buro Happold

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York University Biosciences Research Facility, UK

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CASE STUDY 1:

One of the key drivers on the Bard Centre for Science and Computation project was ensuring that laboratories and classrooms were designed to encourage interaction between the departments at the college in fields such as bio-informatics and neuroscience. The Center’s laboratories are based on an open plan model, with flexible loft space than can be adapted if necessary in the future. The building design incorporates glass exterior walls, a large atrium, and an open floor plan featuring flexible multidisciplinary spaces for teaching, research and discussion.

The lobby contains four free standing pods clad in copper, stainless steel and zinc, that house an auditorium, two lecture rooms and a seminar room, with public gathering areas between them. The faculty offices cantilever above the lobby and are accessed via an open corridor that overlooks the lobby, encouraging student and faculty staff interaction. The use of the glass exterior walls provides a visual link with the rest of the campus, again encapsulating the theme of interaction.

Similarly, the Exeter University Forum project involves creating a public ‘street’ space where students can meet, hold informal meetings and exchange ideas. The street will join together existing buildings under and ETFE, glass and timber gridshell roof, providing a naturally lit and ventilated space. The street will also include teaching spaces, laboratories and study rooms.

Bard College, Center for Science and Computation, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA

Optimal Environments

Interactive spaces

It is well known that there is a strong link between creative, innovative ideas and interaction. It is also recognised that people’s behaviour is modified by their surroundings. Our objective in designing laboratory buildings is to create spaces that encourage and facilitate interaction.

Research has shown that people’s availability for interaction is higher when they are on the move and therefore environments that promote interaction have streets rather than corridors, and open, transparent work spaces. The architecture of these spaces is exciting, and rarely will a standard engineering approach deliver the quality environment required. Our excellence in innovative engineering is highly suited to these challenges.

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CASE STUDY 2:

The brief to create a new headquarters based in Cambridge, MA for Genzyme Corporation, one of the world’s leading biotechnology companies, involved creating a highly sustainable building that provides an exemplary working environment for occupants.

The atrium houses extensive internal gardens, seating areas and cafes, creating a central space that unites the work areas and encourages interaction. The open plan nature of the space combined with the extensive use of clear glass provides a direct link between all of the internal spaces. Informal meeting areas, such as chairs in the gardens and ‘huddle areas’ in the corridors, facilitate collaboration.

The building’s green agenda has improved the working environment as well as earning a LEED Platinum rating. All of the workstations are

naturally lit by re-directional blinds at the building’s perimeter and the top-lit central atrium. To further enhance lighting levels, heliostats – large mirrors that mechanically rotate to catch the sun – are mounted on the roof. A building management system monitors the climate in the office to detect poor air quality, while individual thermostats allow occupants to adjust their personal environments. Genzyme Center’s energy costs are estimated to be 42% less than that of a comparable building.

A study by the Genzyme Corporation completed after occupation found that 72% of staff members felt that the new office environment made them more alert and productive, while 75% said that the clear glass design increased their sense of connection with colleagues.

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Exeter University Forum, UK

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CASE STUDY 3:

One of the key elements in the design of York University Bioscience Research Facility was the need to ensure that the space was suitable for the very sensitive equipment used in the rapidly developing micro and nano technologies. Vibration needed to be reduced to a minimum so that the performance of the sensitive microscopes - used for the production of microchips where the highest precision is required – was not affected.

Traditionally a concrete framed building is used for a facility with these requirements, but a feasibility study carried out by Buro Happold showed that, after modification, a steel framed solution could deliver similar performance characteristics at a lower cost. Further detailed analysis of the steel frame was conducted to estimate the quantitative performance against the laboratory usage classes of ISO 2631. Testing of the laboratory floor in its bare state was also carried out and compared against analytical models. The results proved that the structure behaved as predicted, achieving the same performance levels as a concrete frame, while also resulting in a £200,000 saving for the client.

Ground floor levels are often particularly sensitive to vibration, so to further protect the equipment in these areas, ‘zones’ were created using isolated floors to minimise the impact of external and internal vibrations.

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Acoustics is integral to the successful design and ‘experience’ of a building – evidence suggests that the internal environment affects human health, communication and productivity. Our acoustic specialists use advanced 3D modelling techniques to advise on core issues such as room acoustics, insulation, building fabric and facades, as well as the acoustic impact of low energy strategies such as thermal mass.

Vibration levels from both external and internal sources can be a particular issue for laboratories, as often the highly sensitive specialist equipment cannot function accurately when subjected to vibrations above low levels. The need to develop a solution that has an acceptable level of vibration is an important part of the initial stages of laboratory design.

Optimal Environments

Acoustics and vibration

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Results of a two-dimensional Finite-Element model, showing

a stress wave propagating out from a sharp impact.

An example of a two-dimensional Finite-Element model

used to assess the vibrational performance of one of the

NS & QI labs.

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Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NS & QI)

Laboratory at the University of Bristol, UK

CASE STUDY 4:

Buro Happold has been part of the design and commissioning team for the state-of-the-art Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NS & QI) Laboratory at the University of Bristol. The building is home to an inter-disciplinary research community drawn from science, engineering and medicine, bringing together the best minds in the field of nanotechnology.

The city centre location of the state of the art laboratory led to various challenges to ensure that the building was suitable for the highly sensitive equipment used inside. Novel techniques were required to isolate the laboratories from local sources of vibration and acoustic noise, such as traffic, footfall and plant machinery. The scientific laboratories have been designed to provide vibration and acoustic noise performance levels that are amongst the lowest achieved anywhere in the world.

Buro Happold’s vibration and acoustics specialists measured and assessed the performance of the laboratories under various conditions. We advised the University on ways in which the building can be made even quieter, using advanced numerical modelling techniques to test proposed enhancements and inform the design process. Detailed investigations were carried out into the possible effects on the laboratories when constructing new buildings in the immediate vicinity.

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York University Biosciences Research Facility, UK

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CASE STUDY 6:

The glass facade of the new atrium at Imperial College Business School provides a stunning entrance to the existing building. The facade presented environmental challenges as it effectively enclosed the existing offices, lecture theatres and workshops, which previously had access to windows for natural ventilation. Our specialists carried out an analysis of the space to illustrate to the client that the temperature in the internal environment would not be compromised by the new facade. The strategy devised for optimising the environment within the atrium involved combining displacement ventilation with underfloor heating and cooling in winter and summer.

In winter, displacement ventilation is combined with underfloor heating to provide a radiant warming to the occupied space. Tempered fresh air is supplied

to the basement plant room from an air handling unit mounted on the roof. This air is heated to the required temperature and supplied to the lower ground and entrance area through grilles. Stale air is mechanically extracted at high level.

In summer, the atrium conditioning also uses a displacement ventilation strategy combined with underfloor cooling. The fresh air supplied to the basement plant is cooled to the required temperature and distributed as in winter. Use of a cooled slab assists the cooled air to remain at a low level enabling it to be thrown further, improving the performance of the displacement ventilation.

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There can be many benefits in maximising the use of natural daylight and ventilation in buildings, from achieving carbon savings and reducing costs to improving the working conditions of the occupants. While it is important for scientific buildings to contribute to reducing the UK’s carbon emissions and to reduce operational costs where possible, it is also important to provide facilities that meet the needs of the staff and their work. We are focused on helping clients obtain the most sustainable and cost effective solutions while maintaining user comfort and building functionality.

Optimal Environments

Lighting and ventilation

CASE STUDY 5:

The new Sighthill Campus project at Napier University includes the refurbishment of 8,400m2 of existing accommodation and 13,900m2 of new build facilities for the schools of Health, Life and Social Sciences along with university faculty and support offices. To ensure daylighting was utilised as much as possible, Buro Happold’s work at the early stages of the design was focused on form and orientation. A detailed shading analysis was carried out to inform the massing of buildings on the site in order to optimise access to available daylight. The resulting design is a pavilion arrangement, with two separate blocks housing the office and academic areas divided by a central glazed atrium street. In addition to contributing to the environmental strategy our solutions saved the client money, as there is less need for mechanical cooling, heating and ventilation systems.

The ventilation strategy of the refurbished structure was determined by the floor to floor heights, which proved insufficient for optimal ventilation effectiveness. To overcome this issue a series of natural ventilation stacks were placed at the rear of the offices to facilitate natural cross flow ventilation. This innovative system combines engineered perimeter openings and automated natural ventilation stacks to provide enhanced effective air flow. Extensive computational fluid dynamic modelling was undertaken to demonstrate that the proposed cross ventilation scheme will improve occupancy comfort conditions.

Early site shading analysis to inform the form, orientation and

grouping of the buildings on the Napier University site.

Imperial College Business School, London, UK

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Getting more from your investment in the long term

There are many ways in which we are able to use our experience and technical skills to help clients get the best value for money, while protecting their investment in the long term. We apply a wide range of strategies during both the development and operational phases to add value and promote the best commercial interests of our clients, from the use of flexible construction methods to low energy technologies. After completion, we offer post occupancy advice to evaluate how the building is functioning, and if any improvements can be made to reduce running costs and improve building performance.

We have an in-depth understanding of current legislation for the built environment and can provide expert advice on issues such as energy efficiency, carbon reduction, passive design, sustainability and building management. Buro Happold is experienced in working with clients from both the commercial and education sectors, so whether a project is a privately funded building or forms part of a university campus, we can provide a tailored solution to ensure a high quality outcome that offers value throughout its lifecycle.

Helping clients to achieve better value for their investment, while still delivering outstanding

facilities, is an important consideration in the scientific sector. With their specialised construction

requirements and range of functions – from hazardous containment areas to classified rooms

for working with pathogens or radiation – research facilities present a unique set of engineering

challenges. An integrated approach can meet the demands of the sector, while considering the

need to deliver a project that is both cost effective and sustainable.

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York University Biosciences Research Facility, UK

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“Future flexibility for any changes of use is something that always needs to be considered in laboratories, both in terms of the engineering and the long-term commercial viability.”Jason GardnerAssociate Director, Buro Happold

CASE STUDY 8:

The impressive new Stanley Primary Care Centre in County Durham has been designed to provide a wide range of healthcare services to the town’s population and the surrounding area in an appealing and well equipped environment. The facility replaces the existing health centre in Stanley but also provides additional services such as x-ray diagnostics, a minor ops suite and a Child Development Centre. Buro Happold has provided a range of engineering services at both Stanley PCC and Durham’s new Lanchester Road Hospital, which together form the Durham and Derwentside PFI project.

The structure of Stanley PCC has been constructed to allow total flexibility for future re-configuration of room layouts to suit the changing requirements of the Healthcare Trust. A solution was developed that allowed the majority of non-corridor internal rooms to be non-load bearing, providing the option to remove certain walls without the need for costly and disruptive structural works at a later date. A long span steelwork frame and a pre-cast concrete

floor structure create generous column-free spaces, while lightweight demountable partitions form the internal walls. The ease of moving the walls, coupled with the lack of primary structure, has resulted in a building that is adaptable to changes of use as well as being fit for purpose.

The 76-bed, state of the art Lanchester Road Hospital provides adult mental health and learning disability services and has been designed to provide a safe, pleasant and therapeutic environment for patients. As at Stanley, future flexibility has been achieved by adopting relatively simple structural systems that are cost effective and efficient while enhancing the architectural concept. Load bearing masonry and timber-trussed rafter roofs form the majority of the room blocks, while there are two elements of steel frame construction: an elliptical steel-framed ‘ambulatory’ courtyard and a circular entrance foyer featuring exposed timber beams and columns.

Stanley Primary Care Centre, Stanley, UK

CASE STUDY 7:

Flexibility to enable future changes of use was an important element in the design of York University Bioscience Research Facility. The building accommodates research teams of differing sizes – from individuals to larger groups – which can change over time. This required a flexible approach to allow the facilities to be modified to suit changing requirements. The building was designed as a modular grid, with a services spine running down the main corridor. This allowed for the room sizes to be altered without having to move the services.

Similarly, flexibility was an important consideration in the structural design of the new build academic accommodation at Napier University’s Sighthill Campus. The structural solution that Buro Happold’s engineers applied allowed for future flexibility while maintaining a high quality finish. The hybrid structure uses precast concrete planks on a steel frame, which contributes to the environmental strategy as the concrete is exposed at a high level, providing thermal mass. This composite solution uses precast concrete elements that fit into the depths of a steel frame, with a flat soffit that is both flexible and provides the aesthetic appearance that is required by the architect and the client.

Adding Value

Flexible construction and design

The speed of technological and management change means that it is important to design laboratories that are both flexible and adaptable while being cost-effective to build and maintain. Whether an educational facility or a commercial building, laboratory design needs to consider issues such as changes in team sizes and the integration of new equipment. To deliver economical and future-proof solutions we consider key aspects such as flexibility of space planning, accessible primary services distribution, use of prefabrication, and the future planning of ICT connectivity. Buro Happold’s experience in improving and extending existing buildings enables us to advise clients on the best way to use existing stock to adapt to future needs.

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Sighthill Campus at Napier University, UK

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York University Biosciences Research Facility, UK

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Adding Value

Reducing energy costs in operation Adding Value

Post occupancy evaluation

Many issues with new and refurbished buildings – for example, insufficient insulation, poor ventilation and inefficient control systems – cannot always be identified at design and construction stage. Post occupancy evaluation (POE) is an effective method of assessing buildings and how they are functioning, while identifying ways to improve building design, performance and fitness for purpose. By using POE and our extensive knowledge of the built environment, we are able to advise on issues such as reducing carbon emissions in line with increasingly tight benchmarks and how to save money on operational costs.

POE provides the design team with valuable data which can be used to recommend the best value options for clients. By enabling us to quantify the sustainability of occupied buildings and advise on changes to practice or policy, POE becomes a vital tool for optimising the performance of both new and refurbished buildings. For this reason, investing in a POE can reap rewards many times over, not only by reducing energy costs but also by enhancing the quality and comfort of the learning or living space.

Using ‘Soft Landings’ – an approach that provides a service aimed at improving building performance from day one - our specialists engage at the earliest opportunity in a project to provide guidance on post occupancy utilisation and assist the design teams in creating the vision behind the project in terms of functionality, usability, manageability, energy efficiency, environmental performance and occupant satisfaction. This is supported with post occupancy studies to inform the client and to allow fine tuning of the building to ensure optimum performance and user satisfaction. We are able to work with end users to educate them on how to get the best out of their buildings, working with the existing staff and their skills set to assist them in operating new control systems. Using advanced analysis

techniques, our in-depth evaluations include desktop and thermal imaging studies, air-tightness testing and occupant comfort surveys.

Our experts work closely with the end user to identify how a building needs to work for them, and what steps should be taken to achieve the best results. This participation with the client can lead to a greater commitment to solutions we introduce, and a greater willingness to adapt to new ways of operating the site.

CASE STUDY 10:

Incorporating lecture theatres, teaching spaces and office accommodation, the Portland Building at the University of Plymouth enables the Faculty of the Environment to exist as a single complex on the campus. A strong environmental agenda was central to the brief, which required sustainable solutions for cooling, ventilation and lighting. Buro Happold carried out a post-occupancy evaluation to ensure that low energy performance was being achieved during the first year of operation. The process also allowed us to ‘bed in’ the mechanical and electrical systems and tailor their control to suit occupant needs.

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Portland Building, University of Plymouth, UK

Design features that reduce the consumption of energy and water have both environmental and cost saving benefits. Our engineers are able to assess the needs of the end user, incorporating systems that enable laboratory functions to operate successfully, while reducing energy use where possible. We look at all aspects of the building’s make up – from the building fabric to the internal systems – to ensure opportunities for solar shading, natural ventilation and daylighting are maximised. Intelligent building management systems can also be used to monitor local conditions and control energy usage.

CASE STUDY 9:

On Sheffield University’s Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) project, our engineers applied a hierarchy of features, looking firstly at the building form and how it will use energy. The building’s location on an exposed site led to the use of wind turbines as the preferred choice for providing all of the building’s power needs.

Two 250 watt wind turbines provide sufficient energy – approximately 600,000 kWh per year – to achieve carbon neutrality. During periods of low demand, the turbines feed any excess electricity generated back to the grid. By generating all of the energy onsite, the client may save approximately £150,000 annually in utility bills. Additionally, the turbines have a life expectancy in excess of 20 years, providing more value for the client.

To complement the use of the wind turbines, our engineers added ground source heat pumps (GSHP) to provide low grade hot water, which is used to supply the underfloor heating system as well as provide chilled water in the summer for cooling. Crucially, the GSHP are powered by the electricity provided by the turbines. As they use energy very efficiently, the building maximises the energy produced by the turbines.

“With the help of Buro Happold, we have managed to arrive at a solution that effectively minimises our environmental impact, while working within demanding budgetary constraints.”David Briggs University of Sheffield Estates Department

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY:

Wireless services form an integral and growing component of ICT estates. Buro Happold’s team have the expertise to deliver effective wireless capability, working holistically with the design team to ensure that new systems are successfully implemented and will go on working within the built environment. The careful consideration of factors such as choice of materials and how the building will be used is important when making a project wireless.

SMART BUILDINGS:

Creating a ‘smart’ site involves joining together the various building systems – including security, lighting and environmental systems -to work as an integrated whole, intelligently and selectively linking with management applications such as timetabling and room booking. This requires collaboration with the client team to consider how they will operate with the overall design concept and the eventual users. These combined systems can then be operated using an integrated facilities management system, allowing for more effective operation and functionality, while lowering costs, not least by contributing to energy conservation. If implemented correctly, creating a smart site can greatly reduce operating costs, as fewer operating staff will be required to manage the site day to day than with traditional disparate systems. Additionally, smart sites also reduce construction costs, as less cabling is needed during installation, reducing containment and construction. On refurbishment projects, costs can be mitigated by incorporating existing systems into a new smart solution. Once a smart solution has been introduced, the post occupancy evaluations and tuning can be undertaken much more effectively, contributing to further savings, and increasing a building’s flexibility of use.

Adding Value

ICT infrastructure

In a world where it is no longer possible to consider the built environment without the influence of ICT, the need for a highly capable and accessible ICT infrastructure is a vital part of modern scientific facilities. With new information technology and services introduced frequently, intelligently designed ICT infrastructures provide the bridge to long-life buildings, enabling rapid take up of new solutions economically and without undue disruption to the building. Through early involvement at design stage, we are able to facilitate progressive change that adds whole life value to projects, by ensuring that developments can support evolving communication requirements and meet sustainability demands.

In the early stages of a project, our team works with the client to assess their differing objectives and develop a robust ICT infrastructure that best suits the needs of the occupants. Our engineers implement sophisticated and future-ready ICT systems that maximise capacity while keeping costs under control.

Open University Jennie Lee Building, Milton Keynes, UK

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CASE STUDY 11:

The Open University’s Jennie Lee Building is a cutting edge facility housing the Faculties of Maths and Computing and the Institute of Educational Technology. Buro Happold worked on the scoping of requirements and the design of an ICT infrastructure that would support the maths department in its new accommodation, ensuring that the ICT facilities were of a quality demanded by this leading research and teaching university. The department also includes high-tech laboratories for modelling, monitoring and measuring human behaviours, and this required the provision of extensive audio-visual (AV) facilities, as well as a capable ‘local’ computer centre within the building.

Buro Happold worked with the university estates department, the user departments and building designers across a range of disciplines to undertake the full systems design, and prepared the contractor’s requirements. We provided support to the design and client teams throughout, and contributed to successfully delivering a major new facility to the university.

“Materials, structures etc impact on the wireless performance of a building, as does user density. The most important aspect of installing a successful ICT infrastructure is forward planning to identify these issues in advance. We lead holistic thinking to achieve this.”Chris Yates ICT Consultant, Buro Happold

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Using resources more efficiently, saving money on energy costs

“Our client-focused approach results in scientific buildings that meet the toughest criteria for sustainability, occupant comfort and energy-efficient performance.”Graeme GidneyAssociate Director, Buro Happold

Meeting sustainability targets is now a key requirement in the design, construction and operation

of scientific buildings. By employing elements such as passive design, simple operation, water

conservation, high performance materials and low and zero carbon (LZC) technologies, it is possible

to mitigate environmental impact while saving money on energy costs. Our extensive knowledge

of the international market allows us to help clients meet the required targets for sustainability and

carbon reduction wherever they are located in the world.

Sustainability provides a quality framework for the entire design process, enhancing deliverability through easier planning consent and cost control. Utilising a holistic approach by analysing all aspects of a building’s performance provides the opportunity to reduce carbon emissions to meet and improve on current environmental targets. We help develop a practical sustainability strategy to achieve these targets, focusing not just on the way a building is designed but also the way it is used.

During the design process we encourage the supply of materials from renewable sources and the adoption of sustainable waste management strategies. We provide

expert advice on how to achieve best practice in sustainable design, assessing a building’s environmental impact against a range of sustainability benchmarks, including energy consumption, transport, pollution, waste and building management.

To be sustainable in the long term and maximise value, buildings need to be efficiently engineered to embody minimum energy, be receptive to user needs and allow for flexibility and future adaptability. In addition there are strong links between a building’s integrated environmental approach and numerous health, comfort and learning benefits to its occupants, providing further strong economic incentives for sustainable development.

Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), University of Sheffield, UK

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CASE STUDY 13:

The Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) in Sheffield demonstrates the financial viability of carbon neutral buildings. It exemplifies good building form design, the appropriate use of materials and how servicing solutions can be applied to complement a building’s low energy credentials. The low energy and sustainable features have enabled the AMRC to achieve a BREEAM ‘Excellent’ rating.

The AMRC makes extensive use of natural daylighting, with around 97% of the accommodation naturally lit during the day. The design team ensured that the windows were sized to allow in the maximum amount of light, with roof lights over the deep plan areas to ensure daylight penetration. Additionally, materials such as ETFE and Kalwall cladding provide daylighting to areas that could not be lit by conventional windows, and also have good insulation properties. These solutions considerably reduce the need for artificial lighting with its associated running costs and emissions.

Similarly, the building is designed to optimise natural ventilation. In the areas that require mechanical ventilation and cooling for operational purposes, flexibility is built in to allow the spaces to be naturally ventilated if the building’s requirements change at a later date. The mechanical ventilation is powered by the AMRC’s two wind turbines, which generate enough energy for the whole site.

Sustainable Design

Meeting carbon targets

BREEAM is the UK’s leading and most widely used environmental assessment method for buildings, setting the standard for best practice in sustainable design. Its equivalent in other regions includes LEED, an international certification system developed by the US Green Building Council which provides a framework for recognising and implementing green building solutions by measuring building performance through the project lifecycle.

Buro Happold has significant experience in managing, advising and assessing BREEAM and LEED, ensuring target levels are achieved in the most appropriate way and guiding the client and design team throughout the process.

Sustainable Design

BREEAM and LEED assessments

Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC),

University of Sheffield, UK

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CASE STUDY12:

The Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (SCRM), which will spearhead the University of Edinburgh’s work in stem cell research, incorporates a number of renewable energy technologies that comply with the Edinburgh Standards for Sustainable Buildings (ESSB). In order to achieve a solution that is both energy efficient and cost effective, the office and administration spaces are kept separate from the laboratories, which use significantly more energy.

The office based areas are located at the perimeter of the building, allowing them to benefit from daylighting and natural ventilation. Dynamic energy modelling and computational fluid dynamics analysis was undertaken to ensure the optimal configuration of external shading, the provision of good daylighting levels, and the suitability of natural ventilation. Manual windows combined with underfloor fresh air and passive chilled beams provide a comfortable internal environment.

The areas of the facility where close control of the internal environment is needed, along with spaces requiring ‘black box’ conditions, are located at the heart of the building. The primary laboratory spaces are arranged to provide maximum future flexibility, with active chilled beams incorporated to provide the required cooling. The use of chilled beams, combined with ground source heating and cooling and photovoltaic array, has allowed the SCRM to achieve a 20% reduction in carbon emissions.

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As substantial energy users, scientific buildings need to play their part in meeting national carbon reduction targets as part of the fight against climate change. Reducing carbon emissions has become a key issue when considering the design and build of new scientific and research establishments. We help develop a practical sustainability strategy to achieve these targets, focusing not just on the way a building is designed but also the way it is used.

Laboratories in the UK will need to follow the government’s Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC), which comes into effect in 2010. The CRC will apply to organisations that have half-hourly metered electricity consumption greater than 6,000 MWh per year, which translates to roughly £500,000 in electricity bills.

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Buildings that utilise passive design principles can achieve a more sustainable outcome while improving the conditions for the occupants. Buro Happold’s approach to sustainable design follows a ‘lean, mean, green’ methodology, designing buildings from the outset to use less energy by utilising passive measures such as natural heating, lighting, ventilation and external shading, and then ensuring that both materials and systems are used responsibly and efficiently. Renewable energy systems are then applied to minimise residual carbon emissions.

Sustainable Design

Passive and low energy design

Alsion Campus, Syddansk University Science and Technology Park, Sonderborg, Denmark

CASE STUDY 14:

The Alsion Campus at Syddansk University in Sonderborg, Denmark covers a substantial 20,000m2 site, and includes a state of the art concert hall and a science park. Buro Happold worked with the project design team to achieve the client’s ambition of beating the Danish Building Regulation targets, which are 30% more exacting than UK regulations. By carefully analysing and detailing the large amounts of glass planned for the structure, it was possible to demonstrate that energy savings were achievable while realising the architect’s vision for the building.

A key part of this development was to implement a number of energy saving features, such as river water cooling techniques, solar shading and renewable energy systems. The building structure is made mainly of concrete which is exposed wherever possible to act as a thermal buffer, while automatic windows are opened at night to facilitate night cooling and reduce energy use. Following its opening in autumn 2007, the new campus as a whole has achieved a 20–30% reduction in energy consumption.

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CASE STUDY 15:

The brief to renovate the Carl J. Shapiro Science Center at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, included creating an environmentally responsible design that is consistent with the University’s position as a charter signatory to the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment. This required the development to achieve a LEED Silver equivalent or better standard.

A number of solutions were incorporated into the building design to minimise energy consumption while meeting the requirements of the research program. Areas requiring 100% outside air were minimised by separating the building into a ‘high energy’ lab wing utilising a Variable Air Volume (VAV) system and a ‘low energy’ office wing with individual fan coil units. This strategy enabled overall airflow in the building to be reduced by 36% from the baseline design which was based on an all VAV system. In the laboratory spaces, the use of high efficiency flow fume hoods will reduce overall energy consumption by another 8% following occupation.

To take advantage of the dramatic views and exposure, a fixed sunshade system was used in combination with an automated Lutron Lighting System to capture daylight and minimise heat gain throughout the south facade. Extensive thermal modelling was used to optimise facade performance.

As it was not possible to measure energy reduction and consumption using the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Energy Star Target Finder due to the nature of the building, the energy consumption information was entered into the Labs21 Energy Benchmarking Database and compared against 31 other chemistry laboratories. Brandeis is a unique building on the database due to its widespread use of extremely hazardous substances, which has a direct effect on the overall energy consumption. However, the solutions incorporated in the project still resulted in it consuming less energy – 314.05 kBtu/sf/year – than the mean average of all 31 chemistry laboratories. Additionally, Brandeis also has a lower energy consumption than the mean of all 101 other laboratories of all types on the database.

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Brandeis University, Carl J. Shapiro

Science Center, MA, USA

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Sustainability

Use of renewable energy sources

CASE STUDY 17:

The Wales Institute for Sustainable Education (WISE) was built at the Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT), Europe’s leading Eco Centre, with a brief to showcase the very latest thinking in environmentally conscious building design. The sustainable elements of the building are demonstrated through the exposed structure, which also functions as an educational tool for the residential courses in subjects including architecture and engineering.

Among the innovative features of the building are the rammed earth walls in the Institute’s lecture theatre, which were constructed using a highly sustainable mix of clay, sand, water and aggregate. These materials were then built up in thin layers before being tamped down to form the walls, creating a natural alternative to a concrete or steel building. The circular wall of the theatre is 7.5m high and 15m in diameter, measuring 450mm in width. Utilising some 280 tonnes of soil, it is the largest rammed earth project to be built in the UK.

The large three-storey split-level building positioned alongside the lecture theatre, which includes student accommodation, offices and teaching spaces, makes extensive use of locally sourced timber. Glulam beams create a framed structure, supporting an innovative solid timber floor to maximise spans and provide the ceiling of the space below. A lime and hemp fill material is used between the structural posts and beams of the building, a solution that was chosen for its excellent insulation properties and sustainability credentials. The fill material was pumped into place using a technique developed in conjunction with Lime Technology, a specialist contractor.

Through extensive research into sustainable construction, Buro Happold is able to utilise materials and techniques that help to create more appealing, productive and environmentally friendly working and learning environments. We have in-depth experience of evaluating materials performance, advising on the best solutions for thermal efficiency and occupant comfort.

WaIes Institute for Sustainable Education (WISE), Machynlleth, UK

Sustainable Design

Sustainable materials

Buro Happold is able to offer expert strategic advice on energy planning and policy, regulatory requirements, energy procurement and alternative energy options. We have in-depth experience of implementing a broad range of innovative green solutions, including wind turbines, biomass heating systems, photovoltaic panels, rainwater harvesting systems and ground source heat

pumps. We are able to advise clients on the most appropriate solutions tailored to each individual project, ensuring that low energy technologies are successfully incorporated with the high specification requirements of a modern scientific building.

CASE STUDY 16:

A key element to the design at the new Sighthill Campus at Napier University was the need to meet the requirements set by the Edinburgh Standard for Sustainable Buildings (ESSB), along with the client’s brief to achieve a BREEAM ‘excellent’ rating. The ESSB requires that all developments over 5,000m² demonstrate sustainability and generate 10–20% of their energy through renewable or low carbon sources. The Sighthill campus exceeds these requirements with a number of low energy solutions.

The campus is served by an energy centre located on the perimeter of the site, which houses a heating plant incorporating a combined heat and power (CHP) plant. The CHP serves the site wide district heating network and will achieve the savings required by the ESSB and BREEAM assessment.

In addition to the CHP system, the general teaching spaces incorporate a low energy cooling strategy with exposed concrete soffits, a night purge cooling regime, underfloor air supply delivery and high level passive cooling terminals.

“The Combined Heat and Power system at Napier provides a 20% saving in itself, so combined with other sustainable solutions, we are performing approximately 40–45% better than the current building regulations”Graeme Gidney Associate Director, Buro Happold

Sighthill Campus at Napier University, UK

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oldWorking in Partnership

Delivering projects in a spirit of collaboration and cooperation

Good design is achieved through positive collaboration, so it is important to work in partnership

with clients, architects and other members of the design team to share information and contribute

to problem solving. By identifying client aspirations early on in the design process, we are able to

establish the levels of performance required from the structure and systems and then advise on the

most appropriate and economical procurement routes. Working closely with the whole design team

means we can incorporate high levels of buildability and workmanship into our specifications, while

encouraging the use of materials from sustainable sources.

By working holistically and identifying any potential challenges in advance, our engineers are able to add value to all areas of design. Our aim is to go beyond legal compliance and help clients with responsibilities for estates and facilities to be better informed about effective practice in areas such as energy performance, flexible construction and carbon management.

We strive to make engineering more understandable to all the parties involved, explaining how innovative technologies and design solutions could work for them. With our wealth of experience to draw on, we are able to provide valuable insights into how to create modern, flexible scientific facilities.

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“Buro Happold offers a unique benefit to clients through its holistic and multi-disciplinary approach…by engaging with all parties we can provide the best solution to stakeholder requirements.”Andy KeelinGroup Director, Buro Happold

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Building relationships through constructive engagement is central to Buro Happold’s approach - we always aim to present an integrated solution, engaging both across the disciplines and with the client. In this way it is possible to challenge, debate and share information to achieve the right solution to meet the needs of clients and stakeholders.

CASE STUDY 18:

The large number of stakeholders involved on the AMRC project meant that it was vital to work to a clear delivery strategy to ensure that all of the different requirements were met. With 10% of the project budget set aside for sustainable technologies, the design team ran a design workshop with all of the stakeholders – around 80 people in total – to gain a clear understanding of their expectations. This allowed our engineers to incorporate the client’s aspirations and ideas into the building design at the beginning of the project, ensuring a successful result.

Working in Partnership

Working with stakeholders and clientsWorking in Partnership

Multi-disciplinary approach

Buro Happold’s integrated, multi-disciplinary teams are highly skilled in providing a wide variety of buillding services, structural, environmental and infrastructure solutions tailored to individual clients’ needs. In addition to our core engineering disciplines, we also provide a wide range of specialist consultancy services, enabling us to further optimise and add value to the design process.

CASE STUDY 19:

To meet the required targets for energy efficiency and environmental quality at the 700-bed Pinderfields Hospital in Wakefield – which includes a pathology laboratory – Buro Happold has supported this major PFI project from the initial stages with a range of multi-disciplinary services including sustainability, thermal modelling, fire engineering and building services design. As part of the process to achieve an Excellent NEAT rating (NHS Environmental Assessment Tool that was replaced by BREEAM in 2008), the whole design team worked collectively to provide an effective integrated solution.

A major consideration was to keep the existing hospital operational while construction took place,

so the project has involved significant building clearance and enabling works. We liaised closely with the Trust to identify phases for the retention or diversion of services and utilities, resulting in better forward planning and less risk of delays to the main construction work.

Buro Happold also provided building services consultancy for a new stand-alone pathology department adjacent to the hospital. The 2,850m2 three-storey building provides laboratory facilities for the histology, cytology, haematology, biochemistry and microbiology departments.

Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK

Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), University of Sheffield, UK

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Our ServicesMulti-disciplinary

Buro Happold delivers world-class engineering consultancy across a range of disciplines spanning buildings, infrastructure, environment, and project management. We combine creativity with solid technical skills and an awareness of the key drivers that shape projects in the scientific sector.

Buildings

Building FabricStructural engineering Facade engineering Generative geometry

Building EnvironmentsBuilding services engineering Internal environment modelling Specialist sustainability design Acoustics Specialist lighting Energy sources for buildings Post occupancy services

Building Planning and OperationsFire engineering Security Inclusive design Asset management Building controls and systems integration IT & communications Health and safety consulting People movement Audio visual and multimedia systems Vertical transportation

Environment and Infrastructure

EnvironmentAir quality Ecology EIA screening and scoping Impact assessment Noise Site appraisal Sustainability appraisal Waste planning and management Water resource management

InfrastructureBridges and civil engineering structures Civil infrastructure Energy and utilities infrastructure Geographic Information Systems Transportation planning River and coastal engineering

Ground EngineeringUnderground structures Foundations Ground treatments/reinforced earthworks Hydrology and engineering geology Contamination risk assessment, remediation and verification Site investigation Advanced ground numerical analysis and ground modelling

Consulting

Happold Consulting International (HCI) Happold Consulting UK (HCUK) Buro Happold management (BHm)

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Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NS & QI)

Laboratory at the University of Bristol, UK

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Project IndexDelivering innovative solutions with world class architects

FEATURED PROJECT CASE STUDY ARCHITECT

Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) 9, 13, 18 Bond BryanUniversity of Sheffeld, UK

Alsion Campus 14 3XN ArchitectsSyddansk University, Denmark

Bard College, Center for Science and Computation 1 Rafael Vinoly Architects PCAnnandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA

Brandeis University, Carl J. Shapiro Science Center 15 PayetteWaltham, MA, USA

Exeter University Forum 1 Wilkinson Eyre ArchitectsExeter, UK

Genzyme Headquarters 2 DLA ArchitectureCambridge, MA, USA

Imperial College Business School 6 Foster + PartnersLondon, UK

Nanoscience and Quantum Information Laboratory 4 Capita ArchitectureUniversity of Bristol, UK

Open University Jennie Lee Building 11 Swanke Hayden Connells ArchitectsMilton Keynes, UK

Pinderfields Pathology Lab, 19 Building Design PartnershipWakefiield, UK

Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (SCRM) 26 Sheppard RobsonUniversity of Edinburgh, UK

Sighthill Campus, Napier University 5, 7, 16 RMJM architectsEdinburgh, UK

Stanley Primary Care Centre 8 Steffian Bradley ArchitectsStanley, Durham, UK

University of Plymouth, Portland Square 10 Feilden Clegg Bradley StudiosPlymouth, UK

Wales Institute for Sustainable Education (WISE) 17 Pat Borer and David Lea ArchitectsMachynlleth, UK

York University Biosciences Research Facility 3, 7 Anshen DyerYork, UK

IStructE Awards

2009 Commendation: Award for Arts orEntertainment StructuresCurtis R. Priem Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

Commendation: Award for Arts orEntertainment StructuresCurtis R. Priem Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

Commendation: Award for Industrial orProcess StructuresAMRC, Sheffield, UK

2008 Winner: Young Structural EngineerMike Sefton, Buro Happold

Winner: Award for Education orHealthcare StructuresThomas Deacon Academy, Peterborough, UK

Winner: Award for Arts or Entertainment StructuresO2 Arena, London, UK

MEP Magazine Middle East Awards

2008 Winner: Middle East MEP Supreme Judges Award

Winner: Sustainable Project Design of the Year

Middle East Architect Awards

2008 Winner: Engineering Firm of the Year

RIBA Regional Awards

2009 Winner: London RegionSt Mary Magdalene Academy, UK

Winner: East MidlandsThe Minster School, Southwell, UK

2008 Winner: London RegionSackler Crossing, Kew Gardens, London, UK

Winner: East RegionThomas Deacon Academy, Peterborough, UK

Winner: North West RegionArena and Convention Centre, Liverpool, UK

Winner: North East RegionAlnwick Gardens, Northumberland, UK

Winner: Southern RegionNational Film and Television School, Beaconsfield, Bucks, UK

Winner: South West RegionNewlyn Art Gallery, Cornwall, UK

Winner: Wessex RegionBristol Brunel Academy, Bristol, UK

RIBA National Awards

2008 Winner: Sports and LeisureSackler Crossing, Kew Gardens, London, UK

Winner: Special AwardSackler Crossing, Kew Gardens, London, UK

Winner: 2008 Stephen Lawrence PrizeSackler Crossing, Kew Gardens, London, UK

Security Excellence Awards

2008 Winner: Best Security ConsultantHappold Safe & Secure Ltd

Scottish Design Awards

2009 Engineering DesignWinner: Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Authority HQ, UK

Commendation: The Swan Canopy Clydebank, UK

Sustainable DesignCommendation: The Informatics Forum, University of Edinburgh School of Informatics, UK

Commendation: John Wheatley College, UK

South West Built Environment Awards

2008 Winner: Sustainability AwardBristol BSF, Bristol, UK

Winner: Value AwardThree Ways School, Bath, Somerset, UK

Winner: Project of the Year AwardThree Ways School, Bath, Somerset, UK

Structural Steel Design Award

2008 Winner: O2 Arena, London, UK

The Royal Academy of Engineering

2008 Winner: Silver MedalPaul Westbury, Buro Happold

ACE Engineering Excellence Awards

2009 Winner: Building Services (Large firm)Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Authority HQ, UK

Highly Commended: Building Structures(Large firm)The O2, Dublin, UK

Highly Commended: Infrastructure (Large firm)M8 Harthill Footbridge Replacement, UK

2008 Winner: Research, Studies & ConsultationMersey Tidal Study, Liverpool, UK

Commendation: Low Carbon TechnologyAdvanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), Sheffield University, UK

American Institute of Architects Awards

2008 Winner: New York State Award of ExcellenceSheila C. Johnson Design Center at Parson’s the New School of Design, New York, NY, USA

Winner: New York State Building Type Award:Educational Facility Design Honor AwardSheila C. Johnson Design Center at Parson’s the New School of Design, New York, NY, USA

American Society of Landscape Architects

2008 National Honor Award in Analysis & PlanningOrange County Great Park Comprehensive Master Plan, Irvine, CA, USA

British Construction Industry Awards (BCIA)

2008 Winner: Local Authority Award Barking Learning Centre, Essex, UK

Bridge Design & Engineering - Footbridge Awards

2008 Highly-commended: Aesthetics Short Span CategorySackler Crossing, London, UK

British Council for Offices Awards

2009 Winnner: Corporate WorkplaceThe Informatics Forum, University of Edinburgh School of Informatics, UK

Winnner: Projects over 2,000m2

Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Authority HQ, UK

Brownfield Briefing Awards

2009 Winners: Best Project Closure/Verification ProcessCoopers Walk, London, UK

Building Better Healthcare (BBH)

2008 Winners: Best Mental Health Design Craigavon Area Hospital, Glasgow, UK

Building Services Awards

2009 Highly Commended:Large Consultancy of the Year

Carbon Trust

2009 Low Carbon Building Award:Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Authority HQ, UK

Civic Trust Awards

2009 NightVision Award sponsored by the Civic TrustWinner: Arena and Convention Centre, Liverpool, UK

Commended:National Film and Television School, Beaconsfield, UK

2008 Special Award for Access:The Roundhouse, London, UK

Commended:Newlyn Art Gallery, Cornwall, UK West London Academy, UK St Vincent Place, Edinburgh, UK North Wall Performing Arts Centre, Oxford, UK Hazelwood School, Glasgow, UK Leeds Discovery Centre, Leeds, UK

Green Apple Awards

2008 Winner: National Silver in Architectural HeritageIckworth House, Gazeley, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK

Gulf Building Awards

2008 Winner: Office/Commercial Project of the YearAbu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), Abu Dhabi

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Industry RecognitionRecent awards

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Contact: Andy Parker, Global Sector Director Tel: +44 1225 322869Email: andy.parker@burohappold.com

The en

gin

eering

of excellen

ce

Structural Engineering Building Services / MEP EngineeringGround Engineering Infrastructure Engineering Specialist Consulting

www.burohappold.com

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