BUKU PINTAR DIREKTORAT ANEKA ENERGI BARU …energy-indonesia.com/03dge/20140212taiyoko.pdf · Rp....

Thank You

Go Green Indonesia ! MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

[email protected] www.ebtke.esdm.go.id

Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No. 1A, Cikini, Jakarta 10320

Tel. (021) 39830077

ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENRGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

DIRECTORATE OF VARIOUS NEW ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Jakarta, 2013


SOLAR ENERGY


Solar Energy is the energy

gained by converting solar

thermal energy through certain

equipment to be a resource in

another form.

Solar energy is energy derived

from the sun. This energy is

constantly available as the main

energy source for life on earth.

http://ditohy.blogspot.com

http://ditohy.blogspot.com/


The sun is a remarkable source of

energy. Sunlight contains so much

energy. At midday, the solar energy

reaches the Earth's surface with a

peak energy value of one kilowatt

(1kW) per square meter per hour. If

all the energy can be

accommodated, it will be able to

provide all electrical power needs in

every country on this earth.


Solar radiation data collected from various

locations in Indonesia shows that solar energy

resources in Indonesia can be grouped by

regions, namely the western region and the

eastern region of Indonesia. Indonesian solar

energy resources by region is as the follows :

Western region of Indonesia = 4.5

kWh/m2.day, monthly variation around 10%

Eastern region of Indonesia = 5.1

kWh/m2.day, monthly variation around 9%

Average of Indonesia = 4.8 kWh/m2.day,

monthly variation around 9%


Solar energy potentials in Indonesia are

around 4,8 Kilo Watt hour/square meter

(KWh/m²) or equivalent to 112 thousand Giga

Watt peak (GWp). However, current utilized

solar energy is only around 10 Mega Watt peak

(MWp). This means that the amount of solar

energy potentials that has been utilized is not

even close to 1%.

Current utilization of solar energy in Indonesia

is still very low, which is around 8 MW, and this

utilization is in the form of Solar Home System

(SHS) for electricity supply in rural areas.


For Indonesia, the effort to use solar energy brings

many benefits, including:

In Indonesia, this energy is available in large

quantities.

It strongly supports the national energy policy on

energy saving, diversification and equity.

It allows the energy to be used in remote areas as

it does not require energy transmission or energy

source transport.

Solar energy can be utilized for turning on

calculators, water heaters, cars, cookers and so

forth.

Use of solar energy in a

sailing boat


With the application of technology,

solar energy can be used to

produce energy in the form of

electricity or thermal energy (heat)

Human efforts to utilize solar

energy continue to be developed.

Among them is the utilization of

solar energy to produce electrical

energy as an alternative energy

source to replace fuel oil.

http://www.indoenergi.com

http://www.indoenergi.com/








The use of solar energy can be used as an alternative in

cooking where it can be a

substitute for kerosene or gas, considering that the

prices of kerosene and gas continue to rise.

Solar thermal cooling system:

air conditioner that uses solar

thermal energy.

http://ditohy.blogspot.com

http://ditohy.blogspot.com/

ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat 10

Regulation Description

1. Law No. 30/2007 on Energy Provision and utilization of new & renewable energy should be increased by the government and local government in accordance to their authorities.

Provision and utilization of new renewable energy can get incentives from

government/local government for certain period until it reaches economical development stage.

2. Law No. 30/2009 on Electricity Putting priority to utilize locally available energy resources for electricity generation

Process of procurement is implemented through direct selection (without tender)

3. Law No. 27/2003 on Geothermal To regulate the management and development of geothermal energy sources for direct and indirect utilization

According to Ministerial Regulation, the highest benchmark of electricity purchasing price from geothermal power plant is set to be US$ 9,70 cent/kWh.

4. Ministerial Regulation No. 31/2009 on Small and Medium Scale Power Generation using

Renewable Energy

State owned company (PT. PLN) has the obligation to purchase electricity from small-medium scale RE power plant which is developed by cooperatives, community or business entities; (Capacity : ≤ 10 MW)

Price : Rp. 656/kWh x f, if connected to medium voltage

Rp. 1,004/kWh x f, if connected to low voltage; f = 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5

PT. PLN is allowed to purchase electricity higher than the above mentioned price based on PLN’s Own Estimation (OE) price and has to be approved by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources

5. Minister of Finance Regulation No. 21/PMK.011/2010 and 24/PMK.011/2010 on Renewable Energy Incentives

Tax facility for renewable energy in the form of Income Tax, VAT, Import Duty and Tax Holiday, Tax Exemption etc.

6 Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No.17 / 2013

About Power Purchase By State Electricity Company (Limited) of Photovoltaic Solar Power plant

NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY


National Energy

Conservation Master Plan

(RIKEN)

Master Plan for

National Energy Diversification

(RIDEN)

Conventional

Energy Master Plan / Fossils

SECTORAL ENERGY POLICY

Energy Policy of Household Sector

Energy Policy of Commercial Buildings

Sector

Energy Policy of Transportation Sector

Energy Policy of Industrial Sector

CLUSTERAL ENERGY POLICY*)

New Energy

Energy Policy of Nuclear Cluster

Energy Policy of Geothermal Cluster

Renewable Energy

Energy Policy of CBM Cluster

Energy Policy of Gasified Coal Cluster

Energy Policy of Liquefied Coal Cluster

Energy Policy of Hydrogen Cluster

Energy Policy of Hydro Cluster

Energy Policy of Bioenergy Cluster

Energy Policy of Solar Energy Cluster

Energy Policy of Wind Energy Cluster

Energy Policy of Ocean Cluster

Energy Policy of Oil Cluster

Energy Policy of Gas Cluster

Energy Policy of Coal Cluster

Vision

New

Renewable

Energy

25/25

*) Cluster in accordance with Law 30/2007 on Energy

Non Renewable Energy

de

mand

sid

e

sup

ply

sid

e

Solar Energy

Position based

on Energy

Cluster based

on Law 30/2007


CLUSTERING OF NEW ENERGY (G) AND RENEWABLE ENERGY(T)

New Energy “Community” (KEB) Renewable Energy “Community” (KET)

METI ?

NRE

Core Business Forum

NRE

Supporting Business

Forum

NRE

Profession Association

Forum

NRE

Users Association Forum

Upstream

Downstream

Service

Fabrication

Technical Matters

Users

Core

Business

Supporting

Business

Technical Process

Technology


SOLAR ENERGY CLUSTERING

Not yet available

EPC, distributor, integrator, importer available

Solar cell fabrication is not yet available (only pv module assembling/encapsulation) *)

Not yet available

Not established (establishment of Ikatan Ahli Teknik Energi Surya Indonesia is on progress)

*) Fabrications for battery, controller and cable are available locally

Upstream

Downstream

Service

Fabrication

Technical Matters

Users

Core

Business

Supporting

Business

Technical Process

Technology

NRE

Core Business Forum

NRE

Supporting Business

Forum

NRE

Profession Association

Forum

NRE

Users Association Forum


• The Indonesian history of solar energy utilization with the

photovoltaic technology has been introduced and developed

since the end of 1970s, especially to meet the electricity demand

in rural or remote area

• Urban PV program has been launched by the Minister of Energy

and Mineral Resources on 28th August 2003 and attended by the

Minister of Environment and Minister of Research and

Technology

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT


ANNUAL EXPOSURE TO SOLAR RADIATION

*) Source : NASA/SSE, 2005

Indonesia = average 4.8

kWh/m2/day


1. Rural PV: increasing rural community accessibility to electricity;

targeting electricity demand in remote areas

2. Urban PV: targeting middle and high class households, real

estates, office and commercial buildings, hotels and resorts,

industries and others

PROGRAM


1. To increase community accessibility to electricity, and is

directed to accelerate the rural electrification ratio in order to

achieve the ratio of 95% in 2025

2. As a prime mover in rural community economic development in

a sustainable path

RURAL PV OBJECTIVES AND SCHEMES

1. Communal PV system (Solar Home System) for a scattered

household location

2. Centralized PV system, targeted to a more dense location

Objectives:

Schemes:


1. To help the user/consumer to provide electricity on their own

and to decrease the dependency of electricity supply from PLN,

especially during the peak load

2. To introduce the utilization of renewable alternative energy,

which is clean and environmental-friendly

URBAN PV OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS

Objectives:

1. Off-grid: disconnected from PLN grid

2. On-grid: connected to the PLN grid

Options:

PLN : Electricity State Owned Company


NO NON FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES

(SD)

INSTALLED

CAPACITY (KT)

RATIO KT/SD (%)

1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3

1 Hydro 75,670 MW 5,705.29 MW 7.54

2 Geothermal 28,543 MW 1,189 MW 4.17

3 Mini/Micro Hydro 769.69 MW 217.89 MW 28.31

4 Biomass 49,810 MW 1,618.40 MW 3.25

5 Solar Energy 4.80 kWh/m2/day 13.5 MW -

6 Wind Energy 3 – 6 m/s 1.87 MW -

7 Uranium 3.000 MW

(e.q. 24,112 ton) for 11 years*) 30 MW 1.00

*) only in Kalan – West Kalimantan

ENERGY RESERVES AND PRODUCTION

NO FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES

(SD)

RESERVES

(CAD)

RATIO SD/CAD

(%)

PRODUCTION

(PROD)

RASIO CAD/PROD (YEAR)*)

1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3 6 7 = 4/6

1 Oil (billion barrel) 56.6 7.99 **) 14 0.346 23

2 Gas (TSCF) 334.5 159.64 51 2.9 55

3 Coal (billion ton) 104.8 20.98 18 0.254 83

4 Coal Bed Methane/CBM (TSCF) 453 - - - -

*) assumed no new reserves are found ; **) include Cepu blocks


Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Additional Capacity (MW)

10 65 115 115 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW)

39 104 219 334 384 434 484 534 584 634 684 734 784 834

GWh

135,60

363,36

766

,32

1.169

,28

1.344

,48

1.519,6

8

1.69

4,8

8

1.870

,08

2.04

5,28

2.220,4

8

2.395,6

8

2.570,8

8

2.746

,08

2.921,28

Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (TOE)

0,01 0,03 0,07 0,10 0,12 0,13 0,15 0,16 0,18 0,19 0,21 0,22 0,24 0,25


Unit 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

MW 30 50 60 70 70 75 75 80 80

Development of Solar PV

by The Electricity State Own Company (PLN)

Solar Energy Resource : 1200 GW

Development of Solar PV

by Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

2012 : 195 units (each unit 15 kW) and 3 units (each unit 1 MW)

2013 : 13 units, the capacity of each unit 1 MW


Upstream (utilizing energy sources) Downstream (Energy Conversion)

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES END UTILIZATION

Results

NATURAL RESOURCES

SOLAR

POWER

PLANTS

On Grid

(PLN)

SOLAR

ENERGY

ENERGY PRODUCTS

SWH, Dryer,

Solar Cooker

Off Grid Survey

(light and

radiation intensities)

Solar

Energy

Resources

Commercial

Industries

Transportation

Households

Power

Non

Power

Collector

-PV Module

-Concentrating

Solar Power


INSTITUTION UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

INSTITUTIONAL RELATION IN SOLAR ENERGY EXPLOITATION

•Government Assistance requires a managing institution established and appointed by the Local Government, which functions include conducting exploitation in order to maintain the sustainability of power plants’ operations.

LOCAL

GOVERNME

NTS

INVESTMENT COORDINATING

BOARD (BKPM)

National

Electricity

Company

(PLN)

•Generation

•Transmission/

Distribution

•Operation and

Maintenance

•Soalr Energy Policies

MINISTRY OF

ENERGY AND MINERAL

RESOURCES

•Location permit

•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL) /

Environmental Management Effort (UKL) –

Environmental Monitoring Effort (UPL)

•Building Construction Permit (IMB) for Power Plants

•Establishment of Managing Institutions

•Investment Permit

•Tender process (large scale)

•Bidding Document Evaluation (small scale

and medium scale)

•PPA

•Electric Business

License for Public

Purposes (IUKU)

•Commissioning

MINISTRY OF

INDUSTRIES

MINISTRY OF

TRADE

POWER NON-POWER

•Solar energy

equipment

production license

•Solar energy

equipment trading

license


1. Solar PV initial investment is still high, therefore cannot compete with conventional power

generation (fossil fueled power generation);

2. Solar PV system efficiency is relatively low;

3. Lack of community awareness to utilize “green energy”;

4. Users attitude; users who received the subsidized solar PV from Government have no

responsibility to maintain the equipment (no sense of belonging);

5. Photovoltaic technology is not yet implemented in industrial scale;

6. The are not enough well managed community institutions to manage the installed PV system

in a sustainable way

7. No policy harmonization among the policy makers to integrate the management of solar PV

implementation;

8. Lack of education/socialization of solar PV application to the community;

OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES


• Satisfactory business environment needed for success

implementation in a market development project

• Project design should focus as much on profitability as on

affordability

• Support to financial institution necessary to increase their

knowledge of the market

• Household and institutional market segments should be

targeted flexibly

• Availability of highly-subsidized systems can undercut market

development projects

• Socio-economic survey should be done to assess development

impact

LESSON LEARNED


CONCLUSIONS

Solar energy need to be approached in an integral way as a

sustainable activity.

Indonesian government has designated the development of solar

energy to fulfill energy needs for areas in Eastern part of Indonesia.

The potential of Indonesia’s solar energy areas in Eastern Part of

Indonesia have not yet been mapped, therefore, Korean Investors

wishing to participate in developing solar energy in Indonesia can

help provide the study of areas suitable for development of solar

energy.

The study can help Indonesian government in formulating the policy

and implementing the programs as well as attracting investors in the

future green energy projects.


APPENDIX


1. Development of Centralized Solar Power Plants in 2012 A. 15 KW Centralized Solar Power Plants

NO PROVINCE NO DISTRICT SUB-DISTRICT VILLAGE UNIT TOTAL

UNITS

1 WEST

SUMATERA 1 Sijunjung Sumpur Kudus

Sisawah Jorong

Simawik 1

5 2 Solok Payung Sekaki Kipek Aie Luo 1

3 Pasaman Mapat Tunggul Sungai Belut 1

4 Pasaman Barat Sungai Beremas Pulau Panjang (2

unit) 2

2 RIAU 1 Kepulauan Seribu Pulau Merbau Tanjung Bunga 1

6

2 Kepulauan Seribu Merbau Tanjung Kulim 1

3 Rokan Hulu Rambah Hilir Serombou Indah 1

4 Indragiri Hilir Mandah Bolak Raya 1

5 Kuantan Singingi Pangean Pulau Deras 1

6 Bengkalis Rupat Dusun Teluk 1

3 JAMBI 1 Tanjung Jabung Timur Sadu

Sungai Itik (p.

Berhala) 1

4 2 Bungo Lembur Lubuk

Mengkuang Rantau Tipu 1

3 Sarolangun Pelawan Pematang Kolin 1

4 Batanghari Maro Sebo Ulu Batu Sawar 1

4 SOUTH

SUMATERA 1

Banyuasin

Banyuasin I Air Kumbang Bakti 2

7

2 Muara Sugihan Gilirang 2

3 Sidomakmur 1

4 Ogan Komering Ilir Kandis Lubuk Segonang 2


1. Development of Centralized Solar Power Plants in 2012

A. 15 KW Centralized Solar Power Plants (continued)

NO PROVINCE NO DISTRICT SUB-DISTRICT VILLAGE UNIT TOTAL UNITS

5 BENGKULU 1 Seluma North Seluma Sinar Pagi 1

5

2 Kaur Nasal Bangun Mufakat

(Batu Lungun) 1

3 Kaur Nasal Batu Lungun (Bangun

bersama) 1

4 Kaur Nasal Air Palawan 1

5 Kaur Maje Sinar Mulya 1

6 BANGKA

BELITUNG 1 Bangka Selatan Lepar Pongok

Penutuk (Pulau

Panjang) 1

5 2 Bangka Selatan Lepar Pongok Penutuk (Tinggi) 1

3 Bangka Barat Simpang Teritip Berang 1

4 Belitung Timur Dendang Nyuruk(Tungkup) 1

5 Bangka Barat Simpang Teritip Ibul 1

7 WEST JAVA 1

Cianjur Naringgul

Wanasari 1

6

2 Cinerang 1

3 Cijati Sukaluyu 1

8 SPECIAL

CAPITAL

REGION OF

JAKARTA 1

Kepulauan Seribu P. Sabira 1

9 BANTEN 1 Serang Pulo Ampel Pulo Panjang 2

10 CENTRAL JAVA 1 Banyumas Sumpiuh Banjarpanepen 1

5

2 Banjarnegara Kalibening Kalisat Kidul 1

3 Blora Kradenan Ngeblak 1

11 SPECIAL

REGION OF

YOGYAKARTA

1 Gunung Kidul Gedangsari Sampang

(Sidomulyo) 1

2 Tegalrejo (ketelo) 1



UNITS

12 EAST JAVA 1 Sumenep Giligenting Banmaling 1

9

2 Jombang Plandan Klitih (Rapahombo) 1

3 Bojonegoro Bubulan Clebung (Maor) 1

13 BALI 1 Karangasem Abang Data 1

2 Bangli Kintamani Songan B 1

3 Bangli Kintamani

Songan A 2

4 Yeh Mampeh 1

5 Klungkung Nusa Penida Sekar Taji 1

14 WEST NUSA

TENGGARA 1 Lombok Timur Jerowaru

Pandan Wangi (Montong

Tinggi) 1

5 2 Sumbawa Tarano Mata (Maci) 1

3 Lombok Barat Sekotong Pelangan (Pengendan) 1

4 Lombok Tengah Praya Barat Daya Batu Jangkih (Semper) 1

5 Bima Wawo Riamau (Kalate) 1

15 EAST NUSA

TENGGARA

1 Timor Tengah Selatan Nunkolo Hoeneno 1

5

2 Rote Ndao Rote Ndao Barat Lidor 1

3 Belu Io Kufeu Ikan Tuan Beis 1

4 Belu Lasiolat Fatulotu 1

5 Belu Malaka Tengah Barene 1

16 WEST

KALIMANTAN 1 Ketapang Simpang Hulu Kualan Hulu (Botong Kanan) 1

4 2 Sanggau 1

3 Landak Kuala Behe Sehe Lusur (Manggam Bati) 1

4 Kapuas Hulu Mika Penyeluang (Penyeluang) 1




NO PROVINCE NO DISTRICT SUB-DISTRICT VILLAGE UNIT TOTAL UNITS

17 CENTRAL

KALIMANTAN 1 Katingan

Sanaman

Mantikei Tumbang Kanei 1

6

2 Lamandau Bulik Timur Sepondam 1

3 Murung Raya Laung Tuhup Beras Balange 1

4 Seruyan Batu Ampar Kalang 1

5 Barito Timur Awang Pianggu 1

6 Barito Utara Gunung Purei Lampeong I 1

18 CENTRAL

SULAWESI

1 Sigi Lindu Tomado (Sangali) 1

4

2 Donggala Balesang Tanjung Pomolulu 1

3 Toli - Toli Lampasio Ogomatang

(Salusu Pande) 1

4 Parigi Moutong Tomini Ogotumubu 1

19 SOUTHEAST

SULAWESI 1 Kolaka Utara Tolala Bahari 1

7

2 Buton Batuatas Tolando Jaya 2

3 Kolaka Tinondo Ameroro 2

4 Bombana Lantari Jaya Tinabete 1

5 Bau – Bau 1

20 GORONTALO 1 Gorontalo Tolangohula Bina Jaya 1

4 2 Bone Bolango Bone Pantai Pelita Hijau 1

3 Pohuwato Buntulia Hulawa 1

4 Gorontalo Utara Hulawa Sumalata 1

21 WEST

SULAWESI

1 Majene Ulumanda Kabiaran 1

5

2 MamujuUtara Pedongga Mertasari 1

3 Majene Malunda Lombang 1

4 Mamuju Utara Dapurang Bolu Bunggu 1

5 Mamasa Aralle Rallenak Utara 1

1. Development of Centralized Solar Power Plants in 2012 A. 15 KW

Centralized Solar Power Plants (continued)



UNITS

22 MALUKU 1 Maluku Barat Daya Wetar Eray 1

6

2 Maluku Tenggara Selaru Eliasa 1

3

Maluku Tenggara Barat

Selaru Werain 1

4 Wermatikan Kamatubun (Werlumdity) 1

5 Wuarlabobar

Watmasa (Telnemen) 1

6 Wunlah 1

23 NORTH

MALUKU

1 Halmahera Tengah Weda Utara UPT Waleh SP 2 1

4

2 Kepulauan Sula Taliabu Barat Pancoran 1

3 Halmahera Timur Maba Utara Jara - Jara 1

4 Halmahera Utara Kepulauan

Loloda Tobo - tobo 1

24 WEST PAPUA 1 Sorong Klawak Wilti 1

8

2 Kota Sorong Kota Sorong Pulau Soop 1

3 Manokwari Tanah Rubuh Warmarway 1

4 Kaimana Teluk Arguni 1

5

Sorong Selatan

Saifi Sayal 1

6 Kais Mogatemin (Hore- hore) 1

7 Moswaren Johsiro 1

8 Sawiat Alma 1

26 PAPUA 1 Keerom Arso Timur 1

7

2 Web 1

3 Senggi 1

4

Yalimo

Elelim Elelim 1

5 Abenaho Landikma 1

6 Apalapsili Apalapsili 1

7 Peg. Bintang Okhika 1

TOTAL 117





B. 1 MW Interconnection Centralized Solar Power Plants


UNITS

1 BALI 1 Karangasem

Kubu 1 2

2 Bangli Kintamani 1

2 WEST NUSA

TENGGARA 1 Sumbawa Labangka 1 1

TOTAL 3

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