Building knowledge to improve evaluation of Land Administration Projects (LAPs) A toolkit based on...
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Transcript of Building knowledge to improve evaluation of Land Administration Projects (LAPs) A toolkit based on...
Building knowledge to improve evaluation of Land Administration Projects (LAPs)
A toolkit based on experiences in Latin America
F. Edouard (FAO); Sofia Espinosa, E. Pantoja (WB)
Presentation outline
1. What triggered this publication/toolkit?2. Main issues regarding M&E systems for
LAP and lessons learnt from Central America
3. A common framework to address LAPs evaluation in Latin America
4. Content of the publication, and to how to use it
5. Questions
What is the publication about and who is it for?
The publication aims to help practitioners working on monitoring LAPs and also,
those involved in the design of these projects
What triggered this publication?
In LAC, and especially in Central America, we face the same issues with respect to LAP evaluation.
To facilitate comparisons, LAPs should be evaluated using the same standards in every country.
Why is this toolkit relevant ? (1)LAPs have a wide range of objectives, which are quite difficult to evaluate:
• Secured tenure and its effects on poverty alleviation• Effectiveness of land administration institutions • information systems on land tenure and land use• getting the municipalities more involved in Land Planning and
Land Taxation• In some LAPs, recognition of land rights of indigenous peoples• ….etc.
Why is this toolkit relevant ? (2)
Need to consider economic and financial aspects when it comes to huge investments and loans for poor countries
Important to take into consideration the new frameworks on Governance, as Voluntary Guideline on Tenure (VGGT) and Land Governance Assessment Framework (LEGAF).
Who is involved in the publication?
This publication is a collective effort carried out by several local and international consultants who have been participating in LAPs evaluation
Some are also part of the national teams involved in the implementation of theses projects in Central America
Main opportunities and issues relating to M&E systems for LAP in LAC
Country LAP name Intervention Areas
Financing Start
El Salvador Proyecto de Administración de Tierras. (Fase Piloto; Fase I)
14 departments WB 1993
Guatemala Proyecto de Administración de Tierras (PAT) Fase I y II
8 Departments12 + 41 municipalities.
WB, IDB 1997
Honduras Proyecto de Administración de Tierras de Honduras (PATH) Fase I y II
10 Departments 27 + 21 municipalities.
WB, Nordic Development Fund
2004
Nicaragua Proyecto de Ordenamiento de la Propiedad (PRODEP) Fase I y II
4 Departments (38 municipios)2 Autonomus regions
WB, Millennium Challenge Corporation, Nordic Development Fund
2005
Main opportunities and issues relating to M&E systems for LAP in LAC
Similar stories in LAC Countries: land and market reforms, Change in the institution in charge on Land Administration Services, decentralization, indigenous land right claims, increase in the number of Protected Areas…etc.
LAPs are designed as multiphase projects, which last more than 10 years. This enables us to have long term M&E systems, needed to assess outcomes and impacts, and crucial for adjusting the design of the next phases
Relatively easy to communicate and exchange experiences among national teams in the LAC countries .
Main opportunities and issues regarding M&E systems for LAP in LAC
Developing consistent M&E systems has been challenging …., because the information we need is held by many different institutions
The results chain, which explains the logic of cause and effect of the LAPs interventions in different areas is not clear enough from the beginning of the project.
Internal controls in Land Administration Institutions are weak, so, it is difficult to obtain reliable information for M&E systems
Main opportunities and issues regarding M&E systems for LAP in LAC
Impact evaluations: lack of information on tenure available makes difficult to select household samples, including the control groups.
Few disaggregated data regarding women or indigenous people.
Economic and financial analysis is generally based on the increase in property value, but it has been difficult to calculate the additional benefits gained from the information systems on land tenure.
Country Level
Institutional Sphere
Subnational and territorial entities
Households who benefit from secured tenure
Common framework to evaluate LAPsLevels of expected impacts
MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS
LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS
Changes and awarenessof property rights and responsibilities
Concerted process for Legal and Policy framework reforms
Legal framework assessment
Technical support for new proposals
Supporting participation & communication programs
Country Level
MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS
Increased access to reliable information
Reduction on time and cost regarding land transactions
Increase in efficiency
Reliable and functional information systems
Financial sustainability
Transparency and accountability
Technical assistance
Strengthening capacities
Development of information systems
Linking Land information systemsLC/R
Institutional sphere
MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS
LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS
Local property taxes collection
Decentralization of LA services
Territorial organization / planning
Infrastructure & investment
Local cadastre units
Update of the database of taxable properties
Capacity for standard property valuation
Delimiting macro-area
Collecting and updating LC
Strengthening capacities of local cadastre units
Geographical Information and linkages
Subnational and territorial entities : Municipalities
Households who benefit from secured tenure
MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS
Access to financial and public services
Increase the value of assets
Improve perception on tenure security
Rural and Urban lands with unsecured tenure are regularized
Land Conflicts between neighbors are addressed
Social communication campaigns
Tenure regularization
Conflict resolution
Contents of the Toolkit3 sections, according to the different areas of impacts:
• Institutional,
• Territorial Entities,
• Households with improved tenure security .
Each section includes a chapter on Literature review, experiences in Central America and the rational around the result frameworks.
2 sections are crosscutting issues:
• general background on LAPs in LAC
• Economical and Financial analysis.
Contents of the Toolkit
Also recommendations to use data from different sources and to
influence the design of other surveys (field form used for the cadastral
survey, agricultural censuses, poverty surveys,…etc.)
Each section includes Guidance Notes and some tools such as questionnaires, data base structure, Score cards, which will facilitate the implementation of different kinds of evaluation
The content of the section is designed to help national teams to prepare TOR, when it comes to external studies.
Guidance Notes include recommendations to disaggregate data
according sex and ethnic origin of the beneficiaries.
Some tools included
• Results chain• Logical or result Framework• Participatory tools for assessing local
governance
KE
Y O
UT
CO
ME
SD
IRE
CT
E
FF
EC
TS
IMP
AC
TS
IND
IRE
CT
IM
PA
CT
S
Women and youth have increased their ownership over land property titles
Women and youth with negotiation power to take part in policy decisions
making
Land property titles are recognized as collateral
Conflict resolution system operating
Women and men have a higher incomes from diversified sources
Competitive and efficient land market
Housing infrastructure is improved
Natural Resources Management is improved
Women and youth increase their control
over land
Greater access to public goods and
services
People’s perception of land tenure
security and its benefits is improved Higher investments in land and its
infrastructure
Greater access to financial services
Property value increases
Less conflicts regarding property boundaries and illegal
occupation
The proportion of titled land has increased
IATs are strengthened Conflict resolution mechanisms are improved
Access to land property information has improved in quantitative and qualitative
terms
Reduced time and expenses dedicated to
land titling
Higher percentage of conflicts resolved
LAPs RESULTs CHAIN AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
INDICATOR
CATASTRE
LAND REGIS
TRY
REGISTER
SUB-INDICATOS
METODOLOGY INSTRUMENTS VARIABLESFORM OF
MEASUREMENT BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
EFECTS (CLOSE IMPACTS)
Lower service and transaction cost for users
X X X
Transaction costs
Compilation of economic and financial information of each institution
Spreadsheets of transactional Cost . Breakdown of Cost -level accounts. Separation for delegation in organizational departments, etc.
Transaction costs
Economic Analysis of transactions or public services.
Public institutions implement formal programs regularization and legalization of real property, have rates for services, and receive state budget or funding of other stakeholders in the stability of land tenure
Transaction volume
Compilation of operational information of each institution
Spreadsheets Sepation of normal transaction and improved process
Number of required transactions
Comparative Analysis With and Without Assessment Program or Project
Transactional allowance
Compilation of economic and financial information of each institution
Spreadsheets Separation of funding sources (donation, loan) and duration
External Economic Contribution ( State, donor, other)
Result and logical Frameworks
Tracking tools for participatory assessment on local governance
Ex: Secured tenure on indigenous territories
Indicador Calificación Parámetros para calificación
Titulo Colectivo de Propiedad
0. Territorio definido como tierras nacionales. 1. Definición del modelo de titulación colectiva y del polígono propuesto, mediante
consulta previa, libre e informada, previa política gubernamental de apoyo.2. Polígono definido, validado (control de calidad), incluyendo el consentimiento de
las comunidades colindantes e informando a las autoridades municipales3. Titulo colectivo entregado y registrado en el IP
Figura Jurídica/ personalidad jurídica del consejo territorial
0. Sin ninguna figura ni esquema definido1. Elaboración y concertación de estatutos del consejo territorial mediante consulta
previa, libre e informada con delegados de comunidades y organización global2. Constancia de solicitud a SEIP de figura asociativa3. El consejo territorial tiene personalidad jurídica
Derechos formales sobre el territorio
0. Solo el acceso1. Uso: Derechos de aprovechamiento del territorio limitado al autoconsumo2. Manejo: El derecho de regulación de los patrones de uso, de transformación y
comercialización de los recursosTitulo colectivo entregado y registrado en el IP3. Exclusión: El derecho de decidir quién puede o no tener acceso a los recursos
naturales (concesiones, terceros…etc.)4. Alienación: El derecho de vender, rentar u otorgar concesión para el
aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales
Local Governance Assessment
Certeza jurídica
Manejo de Recursos naturales
Manejo de conflictosGobernanza en el territorio
Acceso a apoyos externos
0
1
2
3
4
Base Line
End of Project
Thank you for your attention