Building a Grad Nation 2012

8/2/2019 Building a Grad Nation 2012

1/100

O ygxdys i~Bn|nb G`sgyxynrgrG|gy~d`g Fyocwosgr Bg`sgyos Mde`r Edxan`r W`n|gyrns~Okgynbor Xydknrg Ojjno`bgOjjno`bg ldy Gubgjjg`s Gcwbosnd`

Jgoc Rxd`rdyOS,S

Rwxxdysn`f Rxd`rdyXgoyrd` Ldw`cosnd`

Vynssg` i~Ydigys Iojlo`}

Mde` K. Iyncfgjo`c

Koy~ Iywbg

Mdo``o Edy`nf Ldu

Iwnjcn`f oFyoc @osnd`Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fgn` G`cn`f seg Enfe RbeddjCydxdws Gxncgknb

O``woj Wxcosg

98?9


2/100

SOIJG DL BD@SG@SR

Jgssgy ydk Fg`gyoj Bdjn` o`c Kyr Ojko Xdvgjj 9

Ggbwsn|g Rwkkoy~ 3

N`sydcwbsnd`= Gcwbosnd` o`c seg Gbd`dk~ ?7

Xoys ?= Seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` sd Iwnjc O Fyoc @osnd` ?>

Xoys 9= Wxcosg d` seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` Veos seg Josgrs Coso Sgjj Wr 99

Seg Rsosg d Fyocwosnd` Yosg Coso 92

Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fg n` Nkxyd|n`f Enfe Rbeddj Fyocwosnd` Yosgr 92

Ag~ Soagovo~r 22

Xoys 2= Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fg n` Kggsn`f seg Ig`bekoyar d seg

Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` 25

Gjgkg soy~ o`c Knccjg Rbeddj goyr %98?9+98?

Fyocg Jg|gj Ygocn`f 38

Beyd`nb Oirg`sggnrk 3?

Goyj~ Voy`n`f R~rsgkr 39

Seg Knccjg Fyocgr 33 Ocwjs o`c Xggy Rwxxdysr 36

Enfe Rbeddj ^goyr %98?6+9898. 79

Syo rnsnd` Rwxxdysr 79

Cydxdws Lobsdyngr 72

Bdkxwjrdy~ Rbeddj Ofg


3/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 ??

Borg Rswcngr o`c Ròxredsr

Lgoswygr d` Xyd|g` o`c Xydknrn`f Xyobsnbgr

Ròxreds= Bjg|gjo`c* Dend ?5

Borg Rswc~= Voren fsd` Bdw`s~ Xwijnb Rbeddjr* Koy~jo`c 97

Borg Rswc~= Fgdyfno 27

Ròxreds= Seg Bokxonf` dy Fyocg+Jg|gj Ygocn`f 38

Ròxreds= Sgobegy G|ojwosnd` 39

Ròxreds= @osndòj Rgy|nbg 32

Ròxreds= Jor \gfor XIR* Okgynbo` Fyocwosg 37

Ròxreds= W`nsgc Vo~ o`c Inf Iydsegyr Inf Rnrsgyr 35

Borg Rswc~= Edwrsd`* Sguor 3>

Ròxreds= Mw`ndy Obeng|gkg s 72

Borg Rswc~= Eg`y~ Fyoc~ Enfe Rbeddj* Osjo`so Xwijnb Rbeddjr 73

Ròxreds= Bdkkd` Bdyg Rsosg Rso`coycr 76

Borg Rswc~= Cdseo`* Ojoioko 75

Ròxreds= Rbeddj Bdw`rgjdyr


4/100

9 Ijc`f o Foc @od`Koybe 98?9

Jgssgy ydk Fg`gyoj o`c Kyr. Xdvgjj

D gd`d ojcgxg`c d` Ogooij d go`dxgg ` o` gg+cgo`c`f fjdiojgd`d o gqg ovgjj+gcogc vdadg

Seg xose sd xydrxgyns~ vor bjgoy sd wr or benjcyg` Vg a`gv vg bdwjc soag wjj

oc|o`sofg d seg dxxdysw`nsngr d dwy gcwbosndò`c rwbbggc Fydvn`f wx n` dwy

oknjngr* bdkkw`nsngr* onse+iorgc n`rsnswsnd`r* o`c rbeddjr* vg a`gv fyocwosn`f

ydk enfe rbeddj o`c bdjjgfg vor o xygygqwnrnsg dy o rsyd`f wswyg o`c o jow`ben`f

xoc dy boyggy rwbbgrr

Sdco~* segyg oyg ko`~ rwbbgrrgr n` Okgynbor rbeddjr G|g` n` seg sdwfegrs

bdkkw`nsngr* obn`f seg kdrs rnf`nnbo`s beojjg`fgr* vg rgg guokxjgr d gcwbosdyr

o`c oknjngr xygxoyn`f dwy òsnd`r ~dw`frsgyr dy rwbbgrr n` rbeddj o`c jng Iws*

n` oy sdd ko`~ bdkkw`nsngr obydrr Okgynbo* vg bd`sn`wg sd obg gcwbosndòj

beojjg`fgr seos mgdxoycn}g seg wswygr d dwy ~dw`f xgdxjg* o`c n` swy` dwy bdw`sy~

Ynfes `dv* 97 xgybg`s d ojj d dwy ~dw`frsgyr o`c 38 xgybg`s d dwy kn`dyns~

~dw`frsgyr oyg `ds n`nren`f enfe rbeddj vnse segny xggyr Senr joba d enfe+qwojns~

gcwbosnd` eor cyokosnb bd`rgqwg`bgr dy n`cn|ncwojr* rdbngs~* seg gbd`dk~* o`c

g|g` dwy òsndòj rgbwyns~

N`bygorn`fj~* vg eo|g seg coso o|onjoijg o`c seg ygrgoybe n` xjobg sd rwxxdys

rswcg`s rwbbgrr N` dsegy vdycr* vg a`dv venbe benjcyg` `ggc rwxxdysr o`c veos

n`sgy|g`snd`r vdya Rd* vg oyg jgs vnse seg beojjg`fg d fgssn`f segrg ~dw`frsgyr

veos seg~ `ggc* veg` seg~ `ggc ns

Vg bo``ds odyc gubwrgr Seg W`nsgc Rsosgr nr ygbd|gyn`f ydk seg fygosgrs

gbd`dknb cdv`swy` rn`bg seg Fygos Cgxygrrnd` Dwy gbd`dknb |nsojns~ cgxg`cr

d` Okgynbor oinjns~ sd ygkon` bdkxgsnsn|g n` o` g|gy+cgko`cn`f fjdioj gbd`dk~

seos ygqwnygr o vgjj+gcwbosgc vdyadybg N` 98?8* vg reoygc o Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`

sd bygosg o Fyoc @osnd` Seydwfe seos nyrs ygxdys o`c rwirgqwg`s wxcosg* vg rov

edxgwj rnf`r d xydfygrr n` iddrsn`f enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr n` bdkkw`nsngr

obydrr seg bdw`sy~ Or senr 98?9 o``woj wxcosg redvr* vg eo|g bd`sn`wgc sd koagfddc xydfygrr* iws vg ojrd eo|g kwbe vdya oegoc sd obeng|g dwy fdoj d o >8

xgybg`s enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg

Vg edxg senr ygxdys njjwrsyosgr idse seg nkxdyso`s xydfygrr kocg i~ rbeddjr*

bdkkw`nsngr o`c rsosgr obydrr seg bdw`sy~ o`c seg rnf`nnbo`s beojjg`fgr seos

ygkon` Seg Fyoc @osnd` bokxonf` bd`sn`wgr sd n`rxnyg gobe d wr sd vdya sdfgsegy

sd g`rwyg ojj d dwy benjcyg` fyocwosg enfe rbeddj o`c bdjjgfg ygoc~ sd bdkxgsg n`

dwy fjdioj gbd`dk~

Lonjwyg nr `ds o` dxsnd` Dxxdysw`ns~ kwrs ig seg vo~

Fg`gyoj Bdjn` Xdvgjj Ojko M Xdvgjj

Ldw`cn`f Beony* Okgynbor Xydknrg Ojjno`bg Beony* Okgynbor Xydknrg Ojjno`bg


5/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 2


6/100


Gu Gb wsn| G r wkkOy~


Gugbwsn|g Rwkkoy~


7/100


Gu Gb wsn| G r wkkO

sg f ddj cdxd ` g w`gc rojo dg o` d`gjjd` cg` gogo* d`f `ccog jd d xdgòjgo``f o`c g òd`cgc d ijjd` dcdjjo ` jd gg`g

Senr ygxdys redvr seos enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr bd`sn`wg sd nkxyd|g

òsndòjj~ o`c obydrr ko`~ rsosgr o`c rbeddj cnrsynbsr* vnse ?9 rsosgr obbdw`sn`f

dy seg komdyns~ d `gv fyocwosgr d|gy seg jors cgbocg Sg``grrgg o`c @gv ^dya

bd`sn`wg sd jgoc seg òsnd` vnse cdwijg+cnfns fon`r n` enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`

yosgr d|gy seg rokg xgyndc Seg `wkigy d cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjro`c

seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f segkeor ojrd cgbjn`gc rnf`nnbo`sj~ d|gy

seg jors cgbocg* xoysnbwjoyj~ vnsen` rwiwyir o`c sdv`r o`c n` seg Rdwse* o`c os o

kdyg obbgjgyosgc yosg vnsen` bnsngr n` ygbg`s ~goyr

Dsegy xydfygrr d` seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` sd iwnjc o Fyoc @osnd`* n`bjwcn`f

xydfygrr n` kggsn`f seg fdoj d o >8 xgybg`s enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg dy seg

Bjorr d 9898* fn|gr wr edxg seos segrg xdrnsn|g syg`cr bo` bd`sn`wg D`g rsosg eor

`dv kgs seg òsndòj enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg fdoj o`c o`dsegy rsosg eor `goyj~

cd`g rd1 nkxyd|gkg`sr oyg ign`f kocg ofon`rs seg goyj~ ig`bekoyar d seg xjo`1

o`c o rnf`nnbo`s `wkigy d n`rsnswsnd`r vnse ygobe n`sd rbeddjr o`c bdkkw`nsngroyg ojnf`n`f segny gdysr vnse seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`r ig`bekoyar

Ojsedwfe rdkg rsosgr o`c rbeddj cnrsynbsr redv seos seg cydxdws bynrnr bo` ig

rdj|gc* dsegy rsosgr o`c cnrsynbsr oyg joffn`f* vnse ?8 rsosgr eo|n`f jdvgy enfe

rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr ygbg`sj~ bdkxoygc sd goyjngy n` seg cgbocg Seg xobg

obydrr seg bdw`sy~ kwrs ig obbgjgyosgc kdyg seo` seygg+djc sd kggs seg òsndòj

fdoj d o >8 xgybg`s enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg i~ seg Bjorr d 9898 Seg rsyd`f

ygjosnd`renx igsvgg` gcwbosnd` o`c seg gbd`dk~ yokgr senr ~goyr ygxdys sd

ygn`dybg veos nr os rsoag n` rsyg`fseg`n`f dwy òsnd` o`c xygrgy|n`f obbgrr sd seg

Okgynbo` Cygok dy fg`gyosnd`r sd bdkg

GCWBOSND@ O@C SEG GBD@DK^

Seg enfe rbeddj cydxdws bynrnr n` seg W`nsgc Rsosgr bjonkr kdyg seo` d`g knjjnd`

rswcg`sr gobe ~goy* bdrsn`f n`cn|ncwojr seg jdrr d xdsg`snoj goy`n`fr o`c seg

òsnd` ew`cygcr d injjnd`r d cdjjoyr n` jdrs yg|g`wg* jdvgy gbd`dknb obsn|ns~ o`c

n`bygorgc rdbnoj rgy|nbgr? Vnse o òsndòj fyocwosnd` yosg d kdyg seo` 67 xgybg`s

n` 988>wx ydk 69 xgybg`s n` 988?`goyj~ d`g n` dwy Okgynbo`r* o`c dwy n`

?8 kn`dynsngr* cd `ds bdkxjgsg enfe rbeddj vnse segny bjorr9 Igssgy gcwbosndòj

dwsbdkgr vdwjc jgoc sd fygosgy gbd`dknb ygswy`r

Nkxyd|n`f enfe rbeddj o`c bdjjgfg fyocwosnd` yosgr egjxr n`cn|ncwojr lò`bnojj~

o`c seg gbd`dk~ or o vedjg

Enfegy gcwbosndòj osson`kg`s ygrwjsr n` enfegy goy`n`fr dy n`cn|ncwojr D`

o|gyofg* enfe rbeddj fyocwosgr vnjj goy` #?28*888 kdyg d|gy segny jngsnkgrseo` enfe rbeddj cydxdwsr2 Seg cydxdwsr ydk seg Bjorr d 98?? vdwjc eo|g

fg`gyosgc wx sd #?73 injjnd` n` occnsndòj goy`n`fr d|gy segny jn|gr eoc seg~

fyocwosgc ydk enfe rbeddj3

Enfegy gcwbosndòj osson`kg`s jdvgyr bdrsr sd soxo~gyr Kd|n`f mwrs d`g

rswcg`s ydk cydxdws rsoswr sd fyocwosg rsoswr vdwjc ~ngjc kdyg seo`

#988*888 n` enfegy sou yg|g`wgr o`c jdvgy fd|gy`kg`s guxg`cnswygr d|gy enr

dy egy jngsnkg7 Fyocwosn`f eoj d d`g bjorr d cydxdwsr vdwjc ro|g seg WR

souxo~gy #37 injjnd` n` seos ~goy


8/100

< Ijc`f o Foc @od`Koybe 98?9

G uG b w sn|G rw k k o y~

Gcwbosnd` bo` egjx bjdrg seg ranjjr fox o`c g`rwyg Okgynbo ygkon`r fjdiojj~

bdkxgsnsn|g D|gy seg `gus cgbocg* seg òsnd` `ggcr 99 knjjnd` rswcg`sr sd

goy` o bdjjgfg cgfygg sd kggs seg cgko`cr d seg vdyadybg* iws Okgynbo nr

guxgbsgc sd ojj redys d senr fdoj i~ os jgors seygg knjjnd`6 Kdyg seo` 72 xgybg`s

d iwrn`grr jgocgyr os joyfg bdkxo`ngr o`c 8 xgybg`s fyocwosnd` yosg* segyg vdwjc eo|g

igg` kdyg seo` 758*888 occnsndòj enfe rbeddj fyocwosgr ydk seg Bjorr d 98??

Segrg occnsndòj fyocwosgr vdwjc eo|g goy`gc #< injjnd` kdyg n` n`bdkg vnse o

enfe rbeddj cnxjdko or bdkxoygc sd segny goy`n`fr or cydxdwsr Senr vdwjc eo|g

bygosgc o ynxxjg ggbs seydwfe seg òsndòj gbd`dk~* fg`gyosn`f kdyg seo`

26*888 `gv mdir o`c n`bygorn`f seg fydrr cdkgrsnb xydcwbs i~ #8 xgybg`s òsnd`vncg enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg dy seg Bjorr d 9898

%os 677 xgybg`s dy seg Bjorr d 988>>* o` oxxydunkosgj~ ?2 xgybg`sofg xdn`s

n`bygorg xgy ~goy nr `ggcgc seydwfe 9898.

Seg enfegrs bdjjgfg osson`kg`s yosgr n` seg vdyjc* vnse os jgors rnu n` ?8 rswcg`srgoy`n`f o bdjjgfg cgfygg i~ 9898 %wx ydk seygg n` ?8 sdco~?8.

Seg òsnd` nr koan`f xydfygrr n` seg gdys sd iwnjc o Fyoc @osnd` Enfe rbeddj

fyocwosnd` yosgr oyg nkxyd|n`f Seg Ocmwrsgc Bdedys Fyocwosnd` Yosg %OBFY. seos

ojj rsosgr vnjj rdd` ig wrn`f vnjj gòijg obbwyosg o`c bdkkd` kgorwygkg`s d

enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr obydrr ojj enfe rbeddjr* rbeddj cnrsynbsr* o`c rsosgr ??

Fyocwosnd` yosgr w`cgy seg OBFY oyg `ds ~gs o|onjoijg dy ojj rsosgr* rd senr

ygxdys bd`sn`wgr sd wrg idse seg O|gyofgc Lygrekg` Fyocwosnd` Yosg %OLFY. o`c

Xydkdsn`f Xdvgy sd kgorwyg xydfygrr n` kggsn`f rdkg d seg kdrs nkxdyso`s

gjgkg`sr d seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`

Seg fyocwosnd` yosg nkxyd|gc n` seg lyrs cgbocg d seg 9?rs Bg`swy~ Seg òsnd`r

fyocwosnd` yosg n`bygorgc seygg o`c o eoj xgybg`sofg xdn`sr ydk 988? sd 988>*o`c n`begc wx eoj d o xgybg`sofg xdn`s sd 677 xgybg`s ydk 9885 sd 988>

Vnrbd`rn` igbokg seg nyrs rsosg sd obeng|g seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` fdoj d o >8

xgybg`s enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg o`c \gykd`s nr d`j~ 83 d o xdn`s re~ d senr

fdoj os 5>< xgybg`s

Seg wkigy d cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr o`c seg wkigy d rswcg`sr ved

ossg`c segk oyg cgbjn`n`f Segyg vgyg 376 gvgy cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr

n` 98?8 seo` n` 9889* o 92 xgybg`s cgbjn`g Cwyn`f senr xgyndc* 6>8*888 gvgy

rswcg`sr ossg`cgc cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr Lydk 988> sd 98?8* seg `wkigy

Jo`gc i OgoXdg Ojjo`g `98?8* Foc @od` `dv o jofg o`cfdv`f dgg` dcgcogc dfo`}od`*`ccoj o`cd`g vda`f dg`c Ogo cdxd


9/100


G uG b w sn|G rw k k o

d cydxdws obsdyngr gjj ydk ?*8

xgybg`s osndòj fyocwosnd` yosg i~ seg Bjorr d 9898 N seg yosg d xydfygrr

obeng|gc cwyn`f seg nyrs cgbocg d seg 9?rs Bg`swy~ bd`sn`wgr cwyn`f segrgbd`c cgbocg* seg òsnd`r fyocwosnd` yosg vnjj ig bjdrgy sd 58 xgybg`s seo`

>8 xgybg`s Segyg vnjj rsnjj ig kdyg seo` ?*888 enfe rbeddjr n` venbe seg dccr d

fyocwosn`f oyg oidws o 78$78 xydxdrnsnd`

Segyg oyg rsosg jgocgyr o`c joffoycr n` nkxyd|n`f enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr

Oidws eoj seg rsosgr kocg fon`r n` seg xors ~goy o`c eoj cnc ds Segyg oyg

?9 rsosgr vedrg gdysr obbdw`sgc dy seg komdyns~ d occnsndòj enfe rbeddj

fyocwosgr* bdjjgbsn|gj~ obbdw`sn`f dy ?83*888 d seg òsnd`r ?23*888 occnsndòj

fyocwosgr n` 988>

Seg jgocgyr oyg Ojoioko* Ljdynco* Fgdyfno* Ag`swba~* Korrobewrgssr*

Knrrdwyn* @gv dya* @dyse Boydjnò* Rdwse Boydjnò* Sg` grrgg* Sgor o`c

Vnrbd`rn` Sg``grrgg o`c @gv ^dya bd`sn`wgc sd jgoc seg vo~* gobe rggn`f

`goyj~ o` o|gyofg svd xgybg`sofg+xdn`s nkxyd|gkg`s xgy ~goy Or o ygrwjs*seg~ oyg seg d`j~ rsosgr sd obeng|g cdwijg+cnfns fon`r rn`bg senr ygrgoybe

igfo` n` 9889* vnse ?5 %Sg``grrgg. o`c ?2 %@gv ^dya. xgybg`sofg+xdn`s

n`bygorgr

Seg joffn`f rsosgr oyg Oyn}dò* Oyao`ror* Bojndy`no* Bd``gbsnbws* @gv Mgyrg~*

@giyorao* @gv Kgnbd* @g|oco* Yedcg Nrjo`c o`c Wsoeojj rsosgr vnse jdvgy

enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr n` 988> seo` n` 9889

Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fg n` Kggsn`f Ag~ Ig`bekoyar d seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` Sd

g`rwyg seg Bjorr d 9898 ygobegr o enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg d >8 xgybg`s* seg

Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` Jgocgyrenx Bdw`bnj grsoijnregc o xeorgc oxxydobe vnse bjgoy

fdojr o`c ig`bekoyar dy seg ~goyr oegoc Seg gdys nr coso+

cyn|g`* bdkkw`ns~+iorgc* o`c dyfo`n}gc os seg jdboj* rsosg* o`còsndòj jg|gjr Senr O``woj Wxcosg ygxdysr d` seg xydfygrr seg

bdw`sy~ nr koan`f d` segrg ig`bekoyar Ns ojrd enfejnfesr ag~

rwbbgrrgr* dxxdysw`nsngr* o`c beojjg`fgr dy seg òsnd`

Ig`bekoyar= Gjgkg`soy~ o`c Knccjg Rbeddj goyr %98?998? xgybg`s n` 9888 sd 23 xgybg`s n` 98??* obbdycn`f sd seg

@osndòj Orrgrrkg`s d Gcwbosndòj Xydfygrr %@OGX.?9

Beojjg`fg= Kdyg seo`


10/100



Beojjg`fg= Cgrxnsg seg nkxdyso`bg d occygrrn`f beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk* gv

rsosgr bwyyg`sj~ ygxdys beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk yosgr os seg rsosg* cnrsynbs* o`c

rbeddj jg|gjr dy edjc cnrsynbsr o`c rbeddjr obbdw`soijg dy ns

Grsoijnre goyj~ voy`n`f n`cnbosdy o`c n`sgy|g`snd` r~rsgkr seos wrg seg goyj~

xygcnbsdyr d xdsg`snoj cydxdws %ossg`co`bg* igeo|ndy* o`c bdwyrg xgydyko`bg

n` ygocn`f o`c kose.?2

Xydfygrr= N` seg xors gv ~goyr* Goyj~ Voy`n`f N`cnbosdy o`c N`sgy|g`snd`

R~rsgkr %GVR. eo|g fydv` ydk o xdvgywj ncgo n`sd o` obsndòijg* enfe+

xyndyns~ o`c ygrgoybe+iorgc ygdyk gdys D`g+senyc d rsosgr bwyyg`sj~ eo|g

ojj d seg n`dykosnd` dy GVR n` segny rsosg jd`fnswcnòj coso r~rsgkr

Beojjg`fg= Seg `gus rsgx nr enfe+qwojns~ nkxjgkg`sosnd` d GVRos rbojg

Rnusgg` rsosgr ygxdys seos seg~ eo|g `d xjo`r dy eo|g `ds rgs o cosg dy

nkxjgkg`sn`f o` GVR

Ygcgrnf` seg knccjg fyocgr sd drsgy enfe rswcg`s g`fofgkg`s o`c xygxoyosnd`

dy ynfdydwr enfe rbeddj bdwyrgr

Xydfygrr= Seg xors ~goy eor rgg` fydvn`f ygbdf`nsnd` d seg bynsnboj ydjg segknccjg fyocgr xjo~ n` gòijn`f ojj rswcg`sr sd fyocwosg ydk enfe rbeddj

xygxoygc dy bdjjgfg* boyggy* o`c bn|nb jng Komdy n`nsnosn|gr n`bjwcg seg Iwre

N`rsnswsgr Knccjg Fyocgr Kossgy* seg Ldywk sd Obbgjgyosg Knccjg Fyocgr

Gcwbosnd`* o`c @gv ^dya Bns~r Beo`bgjjdy r Knccjg Fyocg N`nsnosn|g

Beojjg`fg= Obbdycn`f sd WR Rgbygsoy~ d Gcwbosnd` Oy`g Cw`bo`* Seg knccjg

fyocg ~goyr eo|g igg` bojjgc seg Igykwco Syno`fjg d A+?9 gcwbosnd` Nsr seg

snkg veg` rswcg`sr rnà dy rvnk?3 N` enfe+xd|gys~ rbeddjr* n` xoysnbwjoy* seg

knccjg fyocgr bo` gnsegy xws rswcg`sr d` o xose sd bdjjgfg o`c boyggyrdy

seg~ bo` rsggy segk sd cydxxn`f dws o`c sd w`gkxjd~kg`s

Xyd|ncg rwrson`gc o`c qwojns~ocwjs o`c

xggy rwxxdys sd ojj rswcg`sr ved vo`s o`c

`ggc segrg rwxxdysr* bd`sn`woj rwxxdysr

ydk ocwjsr rgy|n`f n` rbeddjr or rwbbgrr

bdobegr dy ojj dsyoba rswcg`sr* o`c

n`sg`rn|g vyoxoydw`c rwxxdysr dy seg

enfegrs`ggc rswcg`sr

Xydfygrr= Rg|gyoj rsosg o`c jdboj

Kg`sdyn`f Xoys`gyrenxr* kdrs `dsoij~ seg

Korrobewrgssr Kg`sdyn`f Xoys`gyrenx o`c

seg Kg`sdyn`f Xoys`gyrenx d Kn``grdso*

eo|g n`rsnswsgc qwojns~+iorgc kg`sdyn`f

n`nsnosn|gr Rwbbgrr Kg`sdyr d @gv ^dya

Bns~ o`c Bns~ ^goy bdyxr kgkigyr oyg

xyd|ncn`f conj~ rwxxdysrkg`sdyn`f*swsdyn`f* bdoben`f* o`c kdygsd xydkdsg

rswcg`s rwbbgrr o`c oyg fgssn`f fddc

n`nsnoj ygrwjsr Seg rnsg bddycnòsdy$borg+

koòfgc rwxxdys r~rsgk d Bdkkw`nsngr

n` Rbeddjr eor igg` ygbdf`n}gc or o kdcgj

dy cydxdws xyg|g`snd`

sg xo go o gg`fdv`f gdf`d`d g oj djg gccjg focg xjo `gòij`f ojj cg`

d focog d fddj xgxogc ddjjgfg* ogg* o`c jg


11/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 >


Beojjg`fg= Segyg oyg nyygfwjoy o`c jnknsgc w`cn`f rdwybgr os seg rsosg o`c

gcgyoj jg|gjr dy bd`sn`wdwr n`+rbeddj rwxxdysr dy d+syoba rswcg`sr o`c

bd`sn`wgc vyoxoydw`c rgy|nbgr dy seg enfegrs+`ggc rswcg`sr Senr jnknsr seg

rbojg d ggbsn|g xydfyokr

Ig`bekoyar= Enfe Rbeddj goyr %98?69898.

Xyd|ncg syo`rnsnd` rwxxdysr dy rsywffjn`f rswcg`sr n` fyocgr 5?8 n` ojj rbeddjr

vnse fyocwosnd` yosgr igjdv 67 xgybg`s* or vgjj or segny ggcgy knccjg o`c

gjgkg`soy~ rbeddjr

Xydfygrr= O ygbg`s rswc~ i~ seg WR Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd`r @osndòj

Bg`sgy dy Gcwbosnd` Rsosnrsnbr* bojjgc Cydxdws Xyg|g`snd` Rgy|nbgr o`c

Xydfyokr n` Xwijnb Rbeddjr o`c Cnrsynbsr*98?8 sd 98??* xyd|ncgr o vgjbdkg nyrs

fjnkxrg os rwxxdys dy rswcg`sr obydrr seg bdw`sy~ Ko`~ dykr d n`+rbeddj

rwxxdys n` fydwx rgssn`fr oyg o|onjoijg n` seg knccjg o`c wxxgy fyocgr* or nr

xgyrdòjn}gc rwxxdys dgygc i~ rbeddj rso?7

Beojjg`fg= R~rsgkr d rwxxdys dy rswcg`sr |oy~ i~ ygfnd` d seg bdw`sy~*

jdbojg %bns~* rwiwyir* sdv`r o`c ywyoj oygor.* rn}g d rbeddj cnrsynbs o`c fyocg

jg|gj o`c seg~ oyg oy ydk xgy|orn|g?< N` ko`~ borgr* rswcg`sr kd|n`fsd knccjg rbeddj ygbgn|g d`j~ eoj or kwbe egjx or rswcg`sr g`sgyn`f enfe

rbeddj Dgyn`fr oyg n` ko`~ borgr jgrr o|onjoijg dy rswcg`sr n` ywyoj oygor

Syo`rdyk dy ygxjobg seg òsnd`r enfe rbeddj cydxdws obsdyngr vnse

ggbsn|g rbeddjr

Xydfygrr= Seg `wkigy d cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr cgbjn`gc i~ 53 ydk

988> sd 98?8 o`c i~ 376 rn`bg 9889 Seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr g`ydjjgc n`

cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr cgbjn`gc os o` g|g` orsgy yosg* vnse 983*888

gvgy rswcg`sr g`ydjjgc n` segrg rbeddjr n` 98?8 seo` n` 988>* o`c 6>8*888

gvgy rn`bg 9889 Lgcgyoj Rbeddj Nkxyd|gkg`s Fyo`sr bd`sn`wgc sd soyfgs

enfe rbeddjr vnse fyocwosnd` yosgr igjdv


12/100

?8 Ijc`f o Foc @od`Koybe 98?9


Beojjg`fg= Gnfesgg` rsosgr eo|g `ds wxcosgc segny jovr* kdrs d venbe vgyg

vynssg` veg` o enfe rbeddj cnxjdko vor `ds `gbgrroy~ dy kdrs mdir* o`c

rsnjj xgykns rswcg`sr sd cydx dws os seg ofg d ?< g|g` sedwfe o enfe rbeddj

cnxjdko o`c rdkg bdjjgfg oyg `dv `ggcgc dy kdrs mdir

Xyd|ncg ojj rswcg`sr %n`bjwcn`f sedrg ved eo|g cydxxgc dws. bjgoy xosevo~r

ydk enfe rbeddj sd bdjjgfg o`c boyggy syon`n`f

Xydfygrr= Os seg 98?? Fyoc @osnd` Rwkkns* \nbg Xygrncg`s Incg` beojjg`fgc

ojj 78 fd|gy`dyr sd edjc bdjjgfg bdkxjgsnd` rwkknsr Rn`bg seos snkg*

kwbe xydfygrr eor igg` kocg= seg WR Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd` ygjgorgc

nsr Bdjjgfg Bdkxgsnsnd` Sddjans* o`c seydwfe Bdkxjgsg Bdjjgfg Okgynbor

Bdkxjgsnd` N``d|osnd` Beojjg`fg* ?8 rsosgr oyg nkxjgkg`sn`f n``d|osn|g* enfe+

nkxobs ygdykr sd rnf`nnbo`sj~ iddrs rswcg`s rwbbgrr o`c bjdrg obeng|gkg`s

foxr dy jdv+n`bdkg rswcg`sr o`c kn`dynsngr98 Seg Bdjjgfg Idoycr Rsosg

Boxnsojr Bokxonf` eor egjc g|g`sr n` ?2 bnsngr

Beojjg`fg= D`j~ seygg n` ?8 %29 xgybg`s. 97+ sd 9>+~goy+djcr n` seg WR eo|g

osson`gc o iobegjdyr cgfygg9?

Rwxxdys bdkxygeg`rn|g cydxdws ygbd|gy~ xydfyokr dy cnrbd``gbsgc ~dwse Xydfygrr= Seg Vensg Edwrg Bdw`bnj dy Bdkkw`ns~ Rdjwsnd`r nrrwgc o ygxdys

sd enfejnfes seg `wkigyr o`c gbd`dknb bdrsr d ~dwse ofgr ?


13/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 ??


Xydkdsg bdjjgfg o`c boyggy ygoc~ rso`coycr Rsosgr eo|g ygbg`sj~ ocdxsgc

bdjjgfg+ o`c boyggy+ygoc~ rso`coycr* o`c segny jgocgyrenx redwjc ig ygn`dybgc

i~ xdjnb~ os seg gcgyoj jg|gj* n`bjwcn`f rwxxdys dy orrgrrkg`sr ojnf`gc sd segrg

rso`coycr Rsosgr o`c rbeddjr seos oyg n`bygorn`f enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr

oyg ynrn`f sd o rso`coyc d gubgjjg`bg o`c g`rwyn`f o kdyg ynfdydwr bwyynbwjwk

seos xygxoygr rswcg`sr dy bdjjgfg o`c boyggy

G`rwyg 9?rs Bg`swy~ obbdw`soinjns~ dy ojj rswcg`sr Lgcgyoj gcwbosnd` xdjnb~

redwjc cnygbs rsosgr sd nkxjgkg`s obbdw`soinjns~ r~rsgkr seos xydkdsg

bd`sn`wdwr nkxyd|gkg`s d ojj rswcg`sr o`c rbeddjr Obbdw`soinjns~ r~rsgkr

redwjc n`bjwcg ojj rbeddjr o`c ojj rswcg`sr* o`c sonjdy ygdyk sd rbeddjr o`c

rswcg`sr rxgbnnb `ggcr Fyocwosnd` yosgr redwjc ig fn|g` gqwoj vgnfes sd

kgorwygr d obeng|gkg`s n` dycgy sd o|dnc xdsg`snoj `gfosn|g bd`rgqwg`bgr d

o` obbdw`soinjns~ r~rsgk iorgc rdjgj~ d` rso`coycn}gc sgrsr %gf seg n`bg`sn|g sd

xwre dws jdv+xgydykn`f rswcg`sr n` dycgy sd n`bygorg sgrs rbdygr.

Rwxxdys ggbsn|g nkxyd|gkg`s rsyosgfngr seos jg|gyofg bdkkw`ns~

ygrdwybgr Lgcgyoj xdjnb~ redwjc rwxxdys rsosg o`c cnrsynbs jg|gj r~rsgkr

dy rgbd`coy~ rbeddj ygdyk* n`bjwcn`f cnof`drn`f xydijgkr o`c orrgrrn`f

boxobns~ sd cgsgykn`g seg rxgbnnb `ggcr o`c xdsg`snoj ygrdwybgr sd rsyg`fseg`rswcg`s obeng|gkg`s1 soyfgsgc orrnrso`bg dy rbeddjr vnse obeng|gkg`s dy

fyocwosnd` foxr1 vedjg rbeddj syo`rdykosnd` dy ygxjobgkg`s dy beyd`nbojj~

w`cgyxgydykn`f rbeddjr1 o`c xoys`gyrenxr vnse `d`xydns dyfo`n}osnd`r o`c

dsegyr sd jg|gyofg ygrdwybgr

Jow`be o Yobg sd seg Sdx= Rgbd`coy~ Rbeddj Beojjg`fg Iwnjcn`f d` seg rwbbgrr

d xyg|ndwr Yobg sd seg Sdx gdysr* n`bjwcn`f seg Goyj~ Jgoy`n`f Beojjg`fg Lw`c*

seg Ockn`nrsyosnd` redwjc jow`be o Yobg sd seg Sdx Rgbd`coy~ Rbeddj Beojjg`fg

dbwrn`f d` rg|gyoj ag~ oygor d r~rsgknb ygdyk sd

Yonrg seg bdkxwjrdy~ rbeddj ofg

sd ?5 dy seg ofg veg` rswcg`sr

fyocwosg1

Syo`rdyk seg xnxgjn`g d jdv+

xgydykn`f knccjg rbeddjr seos

ggc n`sd jdv+xgydykn`f enfe

rbeddjr1

Nkxjgkg`s 9?rs Bg`swy~ gcwbosnd`

kdcgjr n` enfe rbeddjr sd xygxoyg

rswcg`sr dy bdjjgfg o`c boyggyr1

N`sgfyosg seg gcwbosnd`* vdyadybg

o`c rdbnoj rwxxdys r~rsgkr sd xws

cnrbd``gbsgc ~dwse ioba d` syoba

sdvoyc gcwbosnd` o`c gkxjd~kg`s

rwbbgrr1 G`rwyg obbdw`soinjns~ os seg enfe

rbeddj jg|gj seos xydkdsgr bdjjgfg+

o`c boyggy+ygocn`grr1

Nkxjgkg`s Goyj~ Voy`n`f N`cnbosdy

o`c N`sgy|g`snd` R~rsgkr seos

ncg`sn~ o`c rwxxdys idse rswcg`sr

ved oyg d+syoba dy enfe rbeddj

fyocwosnd` o`c `ds ~gs d`+syoba dy

xdrs+rgbd`coy~ rwbbgrr1 o`c*

bd`cg`f gxgg` oggg`fox o`c cdxd gcgoj gcod` xdj ig xdgc*cgojj df ggod}od` dg Gjgg`o o`crgd`co Gcod` %GrGO.* o`c `ggodf gxdovog gc i g Cgxog` d Gco


14/100



Bygosg obbgjgyosgc xosevo~r sd xdrs+rgbd`coy~ rwbbgrr i~ g`bdwyofn`f

rbeddj r~rsgkr o`c rsosg w`n|gyrns~ r~rsgkr sd bdjjoidyosg

Rwxxdys Lgcgyoj Xdjnbngr sd Xydkdsg seg Rwbbgrr d Dxxdysw`ns~ dwse97= Segyg

oyg knjjnd`r d ~dwse ofgr ?< sd 93 ved oyg dws d rbeddj o`c dws d vdya* bdrsn`f

seg òsnd` injjnd`r d cdjjoyr g|gy~ ~goy o`c d|gy segny jngsnkgr n` jdrs xydcwbsn|ns~

o`c n`bygorgc rdbnoj rgy|nbgr N seg~ bo` ig yg+g`fofgc n` rbeddj o`c vdya*segrg dxxdysw`ns~ ~dwse ygxygrg`s o` dxxdysw`ns~ dy seg òsnd` sd n`bygorg

xydcwbsn|ns~ o`c njj o bynsnboj ranjjr fox

Ldyfg ~dwse dxxdysw`ns~ xosevo~r ^dwse Dxxdysw`ns~ Fyo`sr redwjc soyfgs

jdv+n`bdkg bdkkw`nsngr* drsgy bdkkw`ns~ bdjjoidyosnd` okd`f kwjsnxjg

rgbsdyr* o`c ocdxs r~rsgknb oxxydobegr sd yg+g`ydjjn`f cydxdwsr n`sd jdboj

beoysgy dy ioba d` syoba rbeddjr dy xydfyokr dbwrgc d` cydxdws yg+

g`fofgkg`s o`c xygxoyosnd` dy seg joidy koyags

Ygn`|grs n` rwbbgrr= Ygvoyc o`c rbojg wx ggbsn|g xydfyokr Ojj gunrsn`f

bdkxygeg`rn|g xydfyokr cgrnf`gc dy dxxdysw`ns~ ~dwse seos eo|g igg` redv`

sd ig ggbsn|g o`c eo|g vonsn`f jnrsr redwjc ig guxo`cgc sd yg+g`fofg ojj seg

~dw`f xgdxjg rggan`f o beo`bg sd fgs ioba d` syoba Kgorwyg xgydyko`bg o`c

g`rwyg obbdw`soinjns~ Seg

WR Fd|gy`kg`s redwjc

kdyg ygfwjoyj~ bdjjgbs o`c

ygxdys n`dykosnd` d` ~dwse

ved oyg cnrbd``gbsgc ydk

rbeddj o`c vdya* os jgors

o``wojj~ seydwfe seg Bwyyg`s

Xdxwjosnd` Rwy|g~ dy Okgynbo`

Bdkkw`ns~ Rwy|g~

G`bdwyofg gkxjd~gyr sd syon`

o`c enyg dxxdysw`ns~ ~dwseSeg gcgyoj fd|gy`kg`s sdda

o rsgx n` seos cnygbsnd` i~

owsedyn}n`f seg Cnrbd``gbsgc

^dwse Dxxdysw`ns~ Sou Bygcns

%C^DSB. n` seg Okgynbo`

Ygbd|gy~ o`c Ygn`|grskg`s Obs

d 98?8 Senr oxxydobe `ggcr sd

igbdkg xgyko`g`s o`c* yosegy

seo` mwrs ygvoycn`f gkxjd~gyr

dy enyn`f dxxdysw`ns~ ~dwse*

ns redwjc n`bjwcg n`bg`sn|gr dy

gkxjd~gyr sd xyd|ncg o yo`fg d

|ojwoijg guxgyng`bgr sd ~dwse

sgg og jjd` dd ofg ?< d 93 vdog d d ddj o`cd d vda* d`fg òd` ijjd` d

cdjjo gg go o`cdg g jgg `jd xdc o`c`gogc doj ggn g o` ig g+g`fofgc` ddj o`c vda* ggdxxd` dgxgg` o` dxxd`d g òd` d `gogxdc o`c ljj ooj ajj fox


15/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 ?2


Jg|gyofg @osndòj Rgy|nbg or o BydrrBwssn`f Rdjwsnd` @osndòj rgy|nbg eor

o xyd|g` syoba ygbdyc d eoy`grrn`f xgdxjg xdvgy sd obbgjgyosg obocgknb

obeng|gkg`sidse dy sedrg n`cn|ncwojr g`ydjjgc n` òsndòj rgy|nbg xydfyokr

o`c dy sedrg seg~ rgy|g @osndòj rgy|nbg nr ojrd o fddc iyncfg sd wjj gkxjd~kg`s

Seg Bdyxdyosnd` dy @osndòj o`c Bdkkw`ns~ Rgy|nbg nr xjobn`f o fygosgy gkxeornr

d` ncg`sn~n`f rsyosgfngr o`c xydfyokr seos vdya* w`cn`f segk* o`c cyn|n`f

n``d|osnd` n` gcwbosnd` sd iwnjc o Fyoc @osnd` Sd senr g`c* seg w`cn`f o`c

cg|gjdxkg`s d segrg xydfyokr redwjc ig rwxxdysgc

Nkxyd|g dwy osnd`r jdvgrsxgydykn`f rbeddjr sd xydkdsg enfe rbeddj

bdkxjgsnd` N` enfe+xd|gys~* jdv+xgydykn`f rbeddjr o`c enfe rbeddjr vnse jdv

fyocwosnd` yosgr* joyfg `wkigyr d rswcg`sr dsg` ygqwnyg n`sg`rn|g rwxxdysr*

venbe ko`~ rbeddjr cd `ds eo|g seg boxobns~ sd xyd|ncg Xdjnb~koagyr redwjc

g`bdwyofg cnrsynbsr o`c rbeddjr sd xoys`gy vnse òsndòj rgy|nbg dyfo`n}osnd`r

o`c rbojg wx òsndòj rgy|nbg xdrnsnd`r seos xyd|ncg igjdv+xd|gys~ rsnxg`cr o`c

gcwbosnd` ovoycr n` gubeo`fg dy o wjj ~goy d òsndòj rgy|nbg or dwsjn`gc n` seg

inxoysnro` Gcvoyc K Ag``gc~ Rgy|g Okgynbo jov

Ygg`fofn`f dxxdysw`ns~ ~dwse @osndòj rgy|nbg xydfyokr ojrd nkxyd|g

dwsbdkgr dy dxxdysw`ns~ ~dwse seydwfe mdi syon`n`f o`c ranjj+iwnjcn`fdxxdysw`nsngr* o`c eo|g o ygbdyc d rgssn`f xoysnbnxo`sr d` o rwbbgrrwj boyggy

xose Segrg xydfyokr redwjc ig rsyg`fseg`gc o`c rbojgc

Oc|o`bg Rsosg Rsyosgfngr sd Obbgjgyosg Nkxyd|gkg`sr Seg gcgyoj fd|gy`kg`s

bo` xjo~ o xdvgywj ydjg n` gcwbosnd`* iws >8 xgybg`s d gcwbosnd` cdjjoyr oyg

bd`sydjjgc os seg rsosg o`c jdboj jg|gjr96 Segygdyg* vg koag seg djjdvn`f ?8

ygbdkkg`cosnd`r sd rsosg+jg|gj rsoagedjcgyr

W`cgyrso`cn`f seg fyocwosnd` yosg n` bdkkw`nsngr o`c rsosgr Segyg oyg ko`~

grsnkosgr d fyocwosnd` yosgr* iws kdrs cd `ds obbwyosgj~ boxswyg seg gusg`s

d seg cydxdws bynrnr Rgg Xoys 9 d senr ygxdys sd n`c dws venbe rsosgr o`c

bdkkw`nsngr oyg wrn`f seg ocmwrsgc bdedys fyocwosnd` yosg kgsedc Occnsndòj

n`dykosnd` d` edv rsosgr oyg cdn`f* or kgorwygc i~ seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`N`cnbgr* nr o|onjoijg osvvvg|gy~?fyocwosgrdyf

N`|grsn`f rkoysj~ n` gcwbosnd` Rsosg iwcfgsr oyg snfes* iws seg gbd`dknb

bdrsr d onjn`f sd n`|grs oyg fygosgy Seg von|gy xydbgrr ydk @d Benjc Jgs

Igen`c %@BJI. xyd|ncgr rsosgr jguninjns~ d` edv sd rxg`c rdkg d seg gcgyoj

gcwbosnd` cdjjoyr Segrg cdjjoyr redwjc ig rsyosgfnbojj~ n`|grsgc n` g|ncg`bg+

iorgc xydfyokr dy rbeddj ygocn`grr* rbeddj nkxyd|gkg`s o`c rswcg`s rwxxdys

Rsosgr o`c bdyxdyosnd`r redwjc n`|grs sd rsyg`fseg` seg jnà igsvgg` enfe

rbeddjr* bdkkw`ns~ bdjjgfgr o`c sgbe`nboj n`rsnswsgr* o`c gkxjd~gyr sd xygxoyg

~dw`f xgdxjg dy g`sy~ n`sd ranjjgc dbbwxosnd`r Sd jgoy` kdyg* rgg seg Ojjno`bg

dy Gubgjjg`s Gcwbosnd`r o`c seg Gbd`dk~ xydmgbs o|onjoijg os vvvojj3gcdyf$

xwijnbosnd`Tkosgynoj$Gbd`

Syo`rxoyg`b~ n` seg @BJI Von|gyr o`c von|gy xydbgrr Segrg von|gyr* n fyo`sgc*bo` ogbs xdjnbngr os seg rbeddj* cnrsynbs o`c rsosg jg|gjr Occnsndòj n`dykosnd`

d` segrg von|gyr nr o|onjoijg n` seg ygbg`s iyng i~ seg @osndòj Fd|gy`dyr

Orrdbnosnd` Bg`sgy dy Igrs Xyobsnbgr* Bygosn`f o Bdjjgfg o`c Boyggy Ygocn`grr

Obbdw soinjns~ Kdcgj ldy Enfe Rbeddjr* o|onjoijg os vvv`fodyf$bkr$bg`sgy

Yonrn`f seg bdkxwjrdy~ rbeddj ofg sd veg` rswcg`sr fyocwosg dy ?5 Gunrsn`f

ygrgoybe redvr seos yonrn`f seg bdkxwjrdy~ rbeddj ofg obsr or o bd`rsyon`s d`

cydxxn`f dws o`c iddrsr goy`n`fr Seg ygxdys* SegBorg ldy Ygldyk= Yonrn`f seg

Bdkxwjrdy~ Rbeddj Ossg`co`bg Ofg* xyd|ncgr ygrgoybe o`c n`dykosnd` ydk

rsosg jgfnrjosdyr o`c fd|gy`dyr d` edv segrg jovr eo|g igg` ygbg`sj~ wxcosgc

n` bgyson` rsosgr* o|onjoijg os vvvbn|nbg`sgyxynrgr`gs$ygxdysr$segTborgTdyT

ygdykxc

sg gcgoj fdg`gò` xjo o xdvgj dj` gcod`* i >8xgg` d gcod`cdjjo og d`djjgco g og o`c jdojjggj sggdg* vgoag g djjdv`f ?8gdg`cod` dog+jggj oagdjcg
http://www.every1graduates.org/http://www.all4ed.org/http://www.nga.org/cms/centerhttp://www.civicenterprises.net/reports/the_case_for_http://www.civicenterprises.net/reports/the_case_for_http://www.nga.org/cms/centerhttp://www.all4ed.org/http://www.every1graduates.org/


16/100



Jgoy`n`f ydk kdcgjr d rwbbgrr jnag Sg``grrgg o`c @gv dya Ygdyk gdysr

redwjc ig`gns ydk kdcgjr d rwbbgrr o`c egjx xydkdsg seg wrg d g|ncg`bg+

iorgc rsyosgfngr* rbeddj swyòydw`c o`c ygxjobgkg`s kdcgjr* o`c ygrgoybe+

iorgc n`sgy|g`snd`r Seg WR Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd`r N`rsnswsg d Gcwbosnd`

Rbng`bgr %NGR. Veos Vdyar Bjgoyn`fedwrg %VVB. nr o bg`syoj rdwybg d rbng`snnb

g|ncg`bg dy veos vdyar n` gcwbosnd`* o|onjoijg os essx=$$ngrgcfd|$`bgg$vvb

Cdn`f o xdjnb~ owcns os seg rbeddj* cnrsynbs* o`c rsosg jg|gjr Senr owcns redwjc

g`rwyg iornb rbeddj ossg`co`bg* igeo|ndy o`c bdwyrg xorrn`f xdjnbngr rwxxdys

fyocwosnd` dy ojj Seg Bg`sgy dy Xwijnb Gcwbosnd`r Fwncn`f _wgrsnd`r n`dykr

senr xydbgrr* o|onjoijg os vvvcoso+nyrsdyf$jgoy`n`f$fwncn`f+qwgrsnd`r

Wrn`f jd`fnswcnòj coso r~rsgkr sd oòj~}g fyocwosnd` o`c cydxdws syg`cr

Gdysr redwjc ig w`cgysoag` sd guokn`g o ygbg`s ~goyr cydxdwsr o`c oòj~}g

segk i~ ofg o`c bygcnsr re~ d fyocwosnd` sd ncg`sn~ venbe soyfgsgc rsyosgfngr

redwjc ig nkxjgkg`sgc sd kggs rswcg`s `ggcr Rwbe gdysr bo` xoys`gy vnse o`

gcwbosndòj ygrgoybe n`rsnswsnd`* rwbe or sedrg jnrsgc n` essx=$$cycbwbenbofdgcw$

jnàr$gcwbosnd`+jnàreskj

Xwssn`f goyj~ voy`n`f n`cnbosdy o`c n`sgy|g`snd` r~rsgkr n` xjobg n` g|gy~

cnrsynbs vnse o jdv fyocwosnd` yosg enfe rbeddj GVR redwjc ig n` xjobg `d josgyseo` knccjg rbeddj D` Syoba ldy Rwbbgrr= Seg Wrg dl Goyj~ Voy`n`f N`cnbosdy o`c

N`sgy|g`snd` R~rsgkr enfejnfesr igrs xyobsnbgr ydk obydrr seg bdw`sy~* o|onjoijg

os vvvbn|nbg`sgyxynrgr`gs$ygxdysr$d`TsyobaTdyTrwbbgrrxc

Kgorwyn`f o`c ygxdysn`f d` beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk os seg rbeddj* cnrsynbs* o`c

rsosg jg|gjr Bdjjgbsn`f o`c ygxdysn`f coso d` beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk redwjc

igbdkg bdkkd` xyobsnbg os seg rbeddj* cnrsynbs* o`c rsosg jg|gjr Gdysr bo` ig

n`dykgc i~ seg sddjr o`c rsyosgfngr sd xydkdsg ossg`co`bg ydk Ossg`co`bg

Vdyar* o|onjoijg os vvvossg`co`bgvdyardyf$veos+bo`+n+cd

Cg|gjdxn`f o Rsosg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` Bygosn`f ygrwjsr+cyn|g` xoys`gyrenxr vnse

ag~ jgocgyr n` seg rsosg ved oyg n`sgygrsgc n` byocjg sd boyggy gcwbosnd` gdysr

nr grrg`snoj sd rwbbgrr Rsosgr redwjc vdya sd ncg`sn~ komdy orrgsr o`c `ggcr

ygjosgc sd seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` ig`bekoyar* kdinjn}g ag~ xoys`gyr n` seg rsosg

sd ojnf` segny gdysr vnse sedrg ig`bekoyar* o`c ygxdys ygrwjsr g|gy~ ~goy Seg

Jgocgyrenx Bdw`bnj d seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` sd Iwnjc o Fyoc @osnd` bo` rwxxdys

segrg gdysr %xjgorg rgg Oxxg`cnu A dy o jnrs d Jgocgyrenx Bdw`bnj Kgkigyr.

X`f goj vo``f`cod o`c`gg`d` g `xjog ` gg cv o jdv focodòg f ddj GVrdjc ig ` xjog`d jog o` ccjgddj D` soa drg= sg wg d GojVo``f n`cod o`cn`gg`d` rgfjf ig xogd od g d`*
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwchttp://www.data-first.org/learning/guiding-questionshttp://drdc.uchicago.edu/http://www.civicenterprises.net/reports/on_track_for_success.pdfhttp://www.attendanceworks.org/what-can-i-dohttp://www.attendanceworks.org/what-can-i-dohttp://www.civicenterprises.net/reports/on_track_for_success.pdfhttp://drdc.uchicago.edu/http://www.data-first.org/learning/guiding-questionshttp://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc


17/100

N`sydcwbsnd`=Gcwbosnd` o`cseg Gbd`dk~



18/100

?< Ijc`f o Foc @od`Koybe 98?9

GCwbOsnD@ O@C seG GbD@Dk~

N` seg jd`f sgyk seg igrs vo~ i~ oy sd nkxyd|g gbd`dknb dxxdysw`ns~ o`c sd ygcwbg n`gqwojns~ nr sd n`bygorg

seg gcwbosndòj osson`kg`s o`c ranjjr d Okgynbo` vdyagyr

Ig` Igyòàg* Beonyko` d seg Lgcgyoj Ygrgy|g

O @dsg sd seg Ygocgy

Seg owsedyr d senr ygxdys eo|g reoygc xydfygrr o`c beojjg`fg d` seg enfe rbeddj cydxdws gxncgknb*

n`bjwcn`f igrs xyobsnbgr o`c ygbg`s cg|gjdxkg`sr os seg jdboj* rsosg* o`c òsndòj jg|gjr Iws vg `ggc ~dw

sd bd`sn`wg sd ig rwbbgrrwj Rdjwsnd`r gunrs n` ~dwy rbeddj* ~dwy ~dwse bg`sgy* o`c ~dwy bdkkw`ns~o`c

vg vo`s sd jgoy` oidws segk Vg oyg n`sgygrsgc n` jgoy`n`f oidws igrs xyobsnbgr* gdysr seos eo|g igg`

g|ojwosgc o`c sgrsgc* o`c n`dykosnd` seos ko~ ig d n`sgygrs sd dsegy rbeddjr* bdkkw`nsngr* o`c rsosgr

N ~dw eo|g o rwffgrsnd`* ncgo* dy bdkkg`s* xjgorg vynsg wr os fyocòsnd`Hbn|nbg`sgyxynrgr`gs Vg jdda

dyvoyc sd egoyn`f ydk ~dw

Senr o``woj wxcosg d` seg enfe rbeddj cydxdws bynrnrcgrbynigr veos nr os rsoag sd dwy òsnd`* seg Fyoc

@osnd` Bokxonf`r Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` d obsnd` sd

occygrr ns* seg josgrs coso d` xydfygrr o`c beojjg`fg*

o`c xoser dyvoyc sd obbgjgyosg fon`r n` fyocwosn`f

kdyg rswcg`sr ydk enfe rbeddj xygxoygc dy bdjjgfg

o`c xydcwbsn|g vdya %Xjgorg ojrd rgg seg oxxg`cnbgr

dy occnsndòj n`dykosnd` d` seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`

o`c dsegy ag~ Fyoc @osnd` n`nsnosn|gr.

Seg enfe rbeddj cydxdws bynrnr n` seg W`nsgc Rsosgr

bjonkr kdyg seo` d`g knjjnd` rswcg`sr gobe ~goy Senr

bynrnr bdrsr seg òsnd` ew`cygcr d injjnd`r d cdjjoyr n`

jdrs yg|g`wg* gbd`dknb nòbsn|ns~* o`c n`bygorgc rdbnojrgy|nbgr9> Seg òsnd`r fyocwosnd` yosg n`bygorgc

seygg o`c o eoj xgybg`sofg xdn`sr ydk 988? sd 988>*

o`c n`begc wx o eoj xgybg`sofg xdn`s sd 677 xgybg`s

ydk 9885 sd 988> G|g` vnse segrg n`bygorgr* `goyj~

d`g n` dwy Okgynbo`r o`c dwy n` ?8 kn`dynsngr* cd `ds

bdkxjgsg enfe rbeddj vnse segny bjorr28 %Oxxg`cnu G=

Fyocwosnd` Yosg Cgn`nsnd`r* Enrsdy~* o`c Gbd`dknb

Bd`rncgyosnd`r xyd|ncgr occnsndòj cgsonjr d` segrg

bojbwjosnd`r.

Joffn`f enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr bdkg os o snkg

veg` seg cgko`cr d sdco~r fjdiojj~ bdkxgsnsn|g

gbd`dk~ eo|g xjobgc o xygknwk d` gcwbosnd` N` segjors 38 ~goyr* seg gqwosnd` eor bdkxjgsgj~ jnxxgcn`

?>62* 62 xgybg`s d ojj WR mdir ygqwnygc d`j~ o enfe

rbeddj cnxjdko* venjg n` senr o`c wswyg cgbocgr* kdrs

mdir vnjj ygqwnyg `ds d`j~ n`nren`f enfe rbeddj* iws

ojrd rdkg bdjjgfg Kdyg seo` 72 xgybg`s d iwrn`grr

jgocgyr os joyfg bdkxo`ngr o`c


19/100


GCwbOsnD@ O@C seG GbD@D

gcwbosnd` vnjj n`bygorg sd 78r sd seg ?>>8r N` obs* yonrn`f WR

gcwbosndòj obeng|gkg`s jg|gjr sd sedrg d igssgy+

xgydykn`f òsnd`r jnag Ln`jo`c o`c Adygo vdwjc

eo|g jnsgc dwy 9885 FCX ydk `n`g sd ?< xgybg`s26

Nkxyd|n`f gcwbosnd` bdwjc eo|g seg xdvgy sd fydv

seg gbd`dk~ i~ iddrsn`f seg fydrr cdkgrsnb xydcwbs

%FCX. o`c bygosn`f mdir

Beonyko` Igyòàg nr ynfes= vg kwrs gcwbosg dwy vo~

dws d seg gbd`dknb bynrnr

Occygrrn`f seg cydxdws bynrnr ygqwnygr seg ossg`snd`

d o`c n`|grskg`s ydk ojj jg|gjrjdboj* rsosg* o`cgcgyojo`c os ojj ofgr* rsoysn`f ydk seg goyjngrs

~goyr Bdkkw`nsngr obydrr Okgynbo oyg guxgyng`bn`f

seg gbd`dknb ggbsr d seg cydxdws bynrnr o`c* n` o

sdwfe nrboj bjnkosg* seg `ggc sd obs Seg gbd`dknb

ig`gnsr d nkxyd|n`f seg gcwbosndòj dwsbdkgr d

seg òsnd`r enfe rbeddj rswcg`sr bo` ig wrgc sd

g`bdwyofg bdkkw`ns~ kgkigyr o`c xdjnb~koagyr

sd n`|grs snkg* g`gyf~* o`c nò`bnoj ygrdwybgr n`sd

o` gdys sd nkxyd|g enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr

Seg ygord`r sd n`|grs oyg bjgoyseg djjdvn`f

xofgr dwsjn`g seg xydfygrr o`c beojjg`fg d sedrg

n`|grskg`sr

SEG GBD@DKNB BDRSR DL O RN@FJG BJORR

DL CYDXDWSR

N gobe rsosg eoc kgs seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` fdoj

d o >8 xgybg`s fyocwosnd` yosg* segyg vdwjc eo|g

igg` 758*888 occnsndòj enfe rbeddj fyocwosgr

ydk seg Bjorr d 98?? Segrg occnsndòj fyocwosgr

vdwjc eo|g cyn|g` rnf`nnbo`s fydvse sd jdboj*

rsosg* o`c òsndòj gbd`dkngr cwg sd seg #72

injjnd` n` occnsndòj n`bdkg seos seg~ vdwjc eo|g

igg` guxgbsgc sd goy` vnse o enfe rbeddj cnxjdko

or bdkxoygc sd segny goy`n`fr or cydxdwsr Senr

rn`fjg bjorr d occnsndòj fyocwosgr vdwjc eo|gigg` guxgbsgc sd rxg`c o` gusyo #?> injjnd` n`

edkg rojgr i~ seg kncxdn`s d segny boyggyr o`c o`

occnsndòj #

Orrdbnosgr Cgfygg

Enfe Rbeddj Cydxdwsr

Iobegjdyr Cgfygg

Enfe Rbeddj Fyocwosgr

Fyocwosg Cgfygg

Rdkg Bdjjgfg

Xydmgbsgc 98?5 Mdir

Xdrsrgbd`coy~

988> Xdxwjosnd`

8' 98' 38'


20/100


GCwbOsnD@ O@C seG GbD@Dk~

Bjg|gjo`c= Wyfg`s Obsnd` sd Yg|nsojn}g o Rbeddj

Cnrsynbs o`c Jdboj Gbd`dk~

Wrn`f seg ygbg`sj~ ygjgorgc Ocmwrsgc Bdedys

Fyocwosnd` Yosg %OBFY. dy 98?8* Dend eor o 65

xgybg`s d`+snkg fyocwosnd` yosg Bjg|gjo`c eor o

yosg d 73 xgybg`s* joffn`f idse seg yosg n` Dend o`c

seg `osnd`2> D g|gy~ ?88 benjcyg` ved g`sgy seg

>se fyocg n` Bjg|gjo`c* d`j~ 92 vnjj fd sd bdjjgfg*

o`c d sedrg* d`j~ rg|g` vnjj fyocwosg ydk bdjjgfg

vnsen` rnu ~goyr38 Bjorrnngc ocr yg|goj seos segyg oyg

kdyg seo`


21/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 ?>

Xoys ?= Seg Bn|nb

Koyreojj Xjo` sdIwnjc o Fyoc @osnd`


22/100


seG bn|nb kOyreOJJ XJO@ sD IwnJC O FyOC @OsnD@

Jow`begc i~ Okgynbor Xydknrg Ojjno`bg n` 98?8* Fyoc @osnd` nr dv o joyfg o`c fydvn`f kd|gkg`s d cgcnbosgc

dyfo`n}osnd`r* n`cn|ncwojr o`c bdkkw`nsngr vdyan`f sd g`c Okgynbor cydxdws bynrnr Seg g`fn`g d seg bokxonf`

nr seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`

Seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` O bdojnsnd` d jgocn`f WR

dyfo`n}osnd`r fosegygc n` Koybe 98?8 sd cg|gjdx o

xjo` d obsnd` dy g`cn`f seg cydxdws bynrnr n` Okgynbo

d`bg o`c dy ojj Seg rsyosgfngr dy obeng|n`f senr fdoj

igbokg a`dv` or seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` %BKX.

%Xjgorg rgg Oxxg`cnu A dy o wjj jnrs d seg Bn|nb

Koyreojj Xjo` Jgocgyrenx Bdw`bnj.

FYOC @OSND@ O@C SEG BN\NB KOYREOJJ XJO@

N` seg osgykose d Vdyjc Voy NN* Rgbygsoy~ d

Rsosg Fgdyfg B Koyreojj n`rsywbsgc Fgdyfg Ag`ò`

o`c enr xdjnb~ xjo``n`f rso sd o|dnc syn|no n`

cg|gjdxn`f segny xjo` sd egjx ygiwnjc Gwydxg O

bdojnsnd` d jgocn`f n`rsnswsnd`r eor ocdxsgc senr

rokg oxxydobe n` cg|gjdxn`f o Bn|nb Koyreojj

Xjo` sd g`c seg cydxdws gxncgknb Or seg g`fn`g

d seg joyfgy Fyoc @osnd` bokxonf`* seg Bn|nb

Koyreojj Xjo` eor svd bjgoy fdojr=

O >8 xgybg`s òsnd`vncg enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`

yosg dy seg Bjorr d 9898 %os 677 xgybg`s dy

seg Bjorr d 988>* o` p?2 xgybg`sofg xdn`s

n`bygorg xgy ~goy nr `ggcgc seydwfe 9898.1 o`c

Seg enfegrs bdjjgfg osson`kg`s yosgr n` vdyjc*

vnse os jgors rnu n` ?8 rswcg`sr goy`n`f o bdjjgfg

cgfygg i~ 9898 %wx ydk seygg n` ?8 sdco~ 36.

Seg Fdojr Or o ag~ xoys d seg joyfgy Fyoc @osnd`

bokxonf`* seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`r svd fdojr oyg*

nyrs* o >8 xgybg`s enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg

òsnd`vncg i~ seg Bjorr d 9898 vnse ojj rswcg`srygoc~ dy bdjjgfg o`c seg 9?rs Bg`swy~ vdyadybg*

o`c* rgbd`c* seg enfegrs bdjjgfg osson`kg`s yosgr n`

seg vdyjc i~ 9898

Edv sd obeng|g segrg fdojr4 Vg a`dv seos o rkojj

`wkigy d rbeddjr oyg ygrxd`rnijg dy oidws eoj d

seg cydxdwsr* gòijn`f o soyfgsgc ygrxd`rg Seydwfe

goyj~ voy`n`f r~rsgkr* vg oyg oijg sd a`dv venbe

rswcg`sr oyg jnagj~ sd cydxdws* oirg`s n`sgy|g`snd`

Vg ojrd a`dv seos g|ncg`bg+iorgc rdjwsnd`r gunrs sd

aggx rswcg`sr d` syoba sd fyocwosg ydk enfe rbeddj*

ygoc~ dy bdjjgfg o`c vdya Sewr* vg oyg jgs vnse

seg beojjg`fg d fgssn`f seg ynfes rwxxdysr sd seg

ynfes rswcg`sr os seg rbojg o`c n`sg`rns~ ygqwnygc

Rd* jnag nsr òkgroag* seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` dbwrgr

d` wrn`f seg kon` g|ncg`bgc+iorgc jg|gyr sd occygrr

seg cydxdws bynrnr Seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` gkxeorn}gr

o kwjsn+rgbsdy oxxydobe seos g`fofgr o yo`fg d

rsoagedjcgyr sd ogbs n`cn|ncwoj* bdkkw`ns~* rsosg*o`c òsndòj dwsbdkgr

SEG BN\NB KOYREOJJ XJO@ EOR LDWY JGOCN@F

XYN@BNXJGR O@C LDJJDVR O BDEDYS+IORGC

OXXYDOBE

XYN@BNXJGR

Rsyosgfnb Ldbwr= Vg kwrs cnygbs ewko`* nò`bnoj

o`c sgbe`nboj boxobnsngr o`c ygrdwybgr sd jdv+

fyocwosnd` yosg bdkkw`nsngr* rbeddj r~rsgkr*

rbeddjr* o`c cnroc|o`sofgc rswcg`sr

Enfe Gxgbsosnd`r= Ojj rswcg`sr cgrgy|g o vdyjc+

bjorr gcwbosnd` o`c ojj benjcyg` vnjj rwbbggc* n

xyd|ncgc oxxydxynosg rwxxdysr

Obbdw`soinjns~ o`c Rwxxdys= Vg kwrs kgorwyg

xydfygrr o`c beojjg`fg rd seos vg a`dv veosr

vdyan`fo`c veos nr `ds Vg kwrs iwnjc rsosg*

rbeddj r~rsgk* o`c rbeddj boxobns~ sd nkxyd|g

fyocwosnd` o`c bdjjgfg ygocn`grr yosgr

Sedwfeswj Bdjjoidyosnd`= G`cn`f seg cydxdws

bynrnr ygqwnygr o` ojj+eo`cr+d`+cgba oxxydobe Sdobeng|g bdjjgbsn|g nkxobs* bdjjoidyosnd`r kwrs ig

cgjnigyosgj~ xjo``gc* fwncgc i~ reoygc kgsynbr o`c

sedwfeswjj~ n`sgfyosgc sd kounkn}g gnbng`b~ o`c

dwsbdkgr

Ldy occnsndòj n`dykosnd` d` segrg orxgbsr d seg

Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`* xjgorg rgg Oxxg`cnbgr O o`c I


23/100

Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 9?

seG bn|nb kOyreOJJ XJO@ sD IwnJC O FyOC @Osn

Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` Ig`bekoyar

Sd g`rwyg seg Bjorr d 9898 ygobegr o enfe rbeddj

fyocwosnd` yosg d >8 xgybg`s* seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`

Jgocgyrenx Bdw`bnj grsoijnregc o xeorgc oxxydobe vnse

bjgoy fdojr o`c ig`bekoyar dy seg ~goyr oegoc Seg

gdys nr coso+cyn|g * bdkkw`ns~+iorgc* o`c dyfo`n}gc

os seg jdboj* rsosg* o`c `osnd`oj jg|gjr

Gjgkg`soy~ o`c Knccjg Rbeddj ^goyr %98?998?


24/100


Xoys 9=Wxcosg d` seg

Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`Veosseg Josgrs Coso Sgjj Wr


25/100


wXCOsG D@ seG bn|nb kOyreOJJ XJO@VeOs seG JOsGrs COsO sGJJ

Senr rgbsnd` xyd|ncgr o` wxcosg d` seg òsnd`r xydfygrr d` fyocwosnd` yosgr* seg `wkigy d cydxdws obsdy~

enfe rbeddjr* o`c seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr ved ossg`c cydxdws obsdyngr Ns ojrd òkgr seg rsosg jgocgyr o`c

joffoycr n` obbgjgyosn`f fyocwosnd` yosgr

Seg Rsosg d Fyocwosnd` Yosg Coso

Seg jo`crboxg dy bojbwjosn`f enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`

yosgr n` seg W`nsgc Rsosgr eor beo`fgc yoxncj~

d|gy seg jors cgbocg Seydwfe seg 9888r* cngyg`s

bojbwjosnd`r ygrwjsgc n` cngyg`s yosgr* bowrn`f

bd`wrnd` o`c o jnknsgc oinjns~ sd syoba xydfygrr

Sd koag fyocwosnd` yosgr kdyg obbwyosg o`c

bdkxoyoijg* seg WR Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd`

nrrwgc ygfwjosnd`r n` 9885 ygqwnyn`f g|gy~ rsosg*

rbeddj r~rsgk o`c rbeddj sd ygxdys fyocwosnd`

yosgr iorgc d` seg Ocmwrsgc Bdedys Fyocwosnd` Yosg

%OBFY.* rsoysn`f n` seg 98?8+?? rbeddj ~goy 35

Vnse nsr dw`cosnd` n` seg 9887 Fyocwosnd` Bdw`srBdkxobs ydk seg @osndòj Fd|gy`dyr Orrdbnosnd`*

seg OBFY kgorwygr seg xydxdysnd` d nyrs+snkg >se+

fyocgyr ved fyocwosg vnse o ygfwjoy cnxjdko dwy

~goyr osgy rsoysn`f enfe rbeddj* osgy ocmwrsn`f dy

syo`rgyr n` o`c syo`rgyr dws sd dsegy rbeddjr dy

cgfygg+fyo`sn`f gcwbosndòj n`rsnswsnd`r cwyn`f seg

enfe rbeddj ~goyr

Vnse OBFY* ns vnjj ig xdrrnijg sd obbgjgyosg gdysr sd

bdkxoyg seg gusg`s sd venbe rswcg`sr oyg fyocwosn`f

ydk enfe rbeddj* d` snkg* obydrr rbeddjr* o`c

cnrsynbsr Ns vnjj ig xdrrnijg sd ncg`sn~ ydk venbe

rbeddjr* o`c cnrsynbsr dsegyr redwjc jgoy`* or vgjj orvenbe rbeddjr o`c cnrsynbsr bd`sn`wg sd rsywffjg vnse

jdv fyocwosnd` yosgr Or nkxdyso`sj~* bdkkw`nsngr vnjj

ig oijg sd dykwjosg coso+iorgc Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`r

sd yonrg segny fyocwosnd` yosgr i~ ncg`sn~n`f seg enfe

rbeddjr xydcwbn`f kdrs d segny cydxdwsr Senr vnjj

gòijg bdkkw`nsngr sd dbwr ygrdwybgr vegyg seg~ oyg

`ggcgc kdrs o`c vnjj eo|g seg fygosgrs nkxobs

Ojsedwfe ojj rsosgr vgyg guxgbsgc sd wrg OBFY i~ rxyn`f

98?9* d`j~ oidws 27 oyg ygxdysn`f segrg coso Kdrs

dsegyr oyg guxgbsgc sd ygjgorg segk senr ~goy O gv

rsosgr ygbgn|gc gusg`rnd`r* wysegy cgjo~n`f ygjgorg

I~ seg 98?2 Iwnjcn`f o Fyoc @osnd` Wxcosg* seg owsedyrguxgbs sd eo|g bd`rnrsg`s o`c |gyngc OBFY ydk

35 rsosgr o`c seg Cnrsynbs d Bdjwkino Seg G|gy~d`g

Fyocwosgr Bg`sgy o`c Bn|nb G`sgyxynrgr vnjj wxcosg

OBFY coso seydwfedws seg ~goy Oirg`s OBFY coso

dy ojj rsosgr* senr ygxdys wrgr seg O|gyofgc Lygrekg`

Fyocwosnd` Yosg %OLFY. o`c Xydkdsn`f Xdvgy OLFY*

venbe ncg`sngr fyocwosnd` yosgr o`c wkigyr d

fyocwosgr* nr o` n`sgynk kgorwyg ocdxsgc i~ seg WR

Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd` osgy guxgys oc|nbg Xydkdsn`f

Xdvgy ncg`sngr rbeddjr vnse 2 xgybg`s fyocwosnd` yosg. S~xnbojj~*

cydxdws yosgr oyg seg sdsoj `wkigy d rswcg`sr

ved cydx dws ydk ojj fyocgr n` enfe rbeddj dy

ojj fyocgr d|gyojj n` o cnrsynbs dy rsosg n` o fn|g`

~goy Kdygd|gy* rsosgr o`c cnrsynbsr dsg` eo|g

xoysnbwjoy bynsgyno seos `ggc sd ig kgs dy o rswcg`s

sd ig dnbnojj~ bojjgc o cydxdws Segrg bynsgyno

|oy~ i~ jdbosnd`* o`c dsg` cd `ds obbdw`s dy ojjseg rswcg`sr ved jgo|g rbeddj Or o ygrwjs* ns nr

xdrrnijg sd rgg cydxdws yosgr n` seg rn`fjg cnfnsr*

veg` o rbeddj* cnrsynbs* dy rsosg nr fyocwosn`f

jgrr seo` seygg+dwyser d nsr rswcg`sr %Xjgorg

ojrd rgg Oxxg`cnu G dy occnsndòj n`dykosnd` d`

fyocwosnd` yosg cgn`nsnd`r* enrsdy~* o`c gbd`dknb

bd`rncgyosnd`r.

Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fg n` Nkxyd|n`fEnfe Rbeddj Fyocwosnd` Yosgr

Oirg`s OBFY coso dy ojj rsosgr* senr ygxdys wrgr seg

igrs o`c kdrs ygbg`s coso o|onjoijg= seg O|gyofgc

Lygreko` Fyocwosnd` Yosg %OLFY. dy 988> o`c

Xydkdsn`f Xdvgy dy 98?8

Ygbg`s Syg`cr

Seg enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg nkxyd|gc n` seg yrs

cgbocg d seg 9?rs Bg`swy~ Seg `wkigy d cydxdws

obsdy~ rbeddjr ojrd cgbjn`gc Seg osnd`r fyocwosnd`

yosg n`bygorgc seygg o`c o eoj xgybg`sofg xdn`sr ydk

988? sd 988>* o`c n`begc wx eoj d o xgybg`sofg xdn`s

sd 677 xgybg`s ydk 9885 sd 988>* or kgorwygc i~

seg OLFY N` 988>* Vnrbd`rn` igbokg seg yrs rsosg sd

obeng|g seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` fdoj d o >8 xgybg`s enferbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg o`c \gykd s nr d`j~ 83 d o xdn`s

re~ d senr fdoj os 5>< xgybg`s %Seg 98?? idda* Cydxxn`f

Dws= Ve~ Rswcg`sr Cydx Dws dl Enfe Rbeddj o`c Veos Bo`

Ig Cd`g Oidws Ns* beyd`nbjgr seg cgiosg d|gy cydxdws o`c

fyocwosnd` yosgr.

Vnse seg Bjorr d 98?8* segyg oyg 376 gvgy cydxdws

obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr %rbeddjr vnse xydkdsn`f xdvgy

d o`c 98?8* ygcwbn`f seg

`wkigy ydk ?*


26/100


wXCOsG D@ seG bn|nb kOyreOJJ XJO@VeOs seG JOsGrs COsO sGJJ wr

Soijg ?= Sdsoj @wkigy o`c Beo`fg n` @wkigy d

Cydxdws Lobsdy~ Enfe Rbeddjr-

O Bjdrgy Jdda os Cgbjn`gr n` Cydxdws Lobsdy~ Enfe

Rbeddjr* i~ Jdbojg

Segyg oyg rg|gyoj nkxdyso`s syg`cr oxxoyg`s n` seg

cgbjn`n`f `wkigy d cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr*

veg` seg coso nr guokn`gc i~ jdbojg %Soijg 9.

Lnyrs* rn`bg 9885* seg cgbjn`g n` seg `wkigy d

cydxdws obsdyngr n` bnsngr eor obbgjgyosgc D|gyojj n`

segrg jdbojgr* segyg oyg ?73 gvgy cydxdws obsdy~ enfe

rbeddjr n` bnsngr n` 98?8 seo` n` 9889* vnse ??< gvgyigsvgg` 9885 o`c 98?8 Rgbd`c* seg joyfgrs d|gyojj

cgbjn`g* rn`bg 9889* dbbwyygc n` seg rwiwyir* xynkoynj~

n` seg Rdwse Ln`ojj~* xydfygrr n` sdv`r o`c ywyoj oygor

eor giigc o`c jdvgc D|gyojj* seg `wkigy d cydxdws

obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr n` segrg jdbojgr cgbjn`gc rn`bg

9889* g|g` sedwfe seg `wkigy n`bygorgc ydk 988>

sd 98?8 D`g ~goy d coso eor jnknsosnd`r* iws segrg

ygrwjsr redv seg `ggc dy o cggxgy w`cgyrso`cn`f d

veos nr dbbwyyn`f n` seg sdv`r o`c ywyoj oygor vnse

jdv fyocwosnd` yosg enfe rbeddjr %Xjgorg rgg seg borg

rswc~ d` Voren`fsd` Bdw`s~* Koy~jo`c dy occnsnd`oj

n`dykosnd` d` ywyoj bdkkw`nsngr.

Soijg 9= @wkigy o`c Beo`fg n` @wkigy d Enfe

Rbeddjr vnse Xydkdsn`f Xdvgy d ?


27/100



Ywyoj Rwbbgrr Rsdy~

Voren`fsd` Bdw`s~ Xwijnb Rbeddjr

OBBGJGYOSN@F XYDFYGRR OBYDRR

375 R_WOYG KNJGR

N` seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` Jgocgyrenx Bdw`bnj

cnrbwrrnd`r* kgkigyr eo|g yonrgc seg

nkxdyso`bg d obbgjgyosn`f xydfygrr n`

occygrrn`f seg cydxdws beojjg`fg n` ywyoj

oygor Vg* segygdyg* vo`sgc sd enfejnfes o`

guokxjg d rwbe xydfygrr Rn`bg 9888* seg

Voren`fsd` Bdw`s~ Xwijnb Rbeddjr %VBXR. n`

Vgrsgy` Koy~jo`c eor n`bygorgc nsr enfe rbeddj

fyocwosnd` yosg i~ `goyj~ ?7 xgybg`sofg xdn`sr*

dws+xgydykn`f seg rsosg i~ kdyg seo` ?8

xgybg`sofg xdn`sr3> I~ 98??* kdyg seo` `n`g dws

d ?8 rswcg`sr bd`sn`wgc sd fyocwosg vnse segny

xggyr Wrn`f seg Rsosg d Koy~jo`c fyocwosnd`

yosg coso %seg jgo|gy yosg.* seg 9888 fyocwosnd`

yosg dy VBXR o`c Koy~jo`c vgyg 65 xgybg`s

o`c 59 xgybg`s* ygrxgbsn|gj~ I~ 98?8* seg VBXR

fyocwosnd` yosg vor >9 xgybg`s

VBXR nr xoys d seg syn+rsosg oygo seos n`bjwcgr

`goyi~ Xg``r~j|o`no o`c Vgrs \nyfn`no Jnag ko`~

ywyoj rbeddj r~rsgkr* ns obgr beojjg`fgr ygjosgc sd jnknsgc ygrdwybgr* syo`rxdysosnd`* o`c xd|gys~ Seg cnrsynbs rgy|gr

oxxydunkosgj~ 99*888 rswcg`sr %6>> xgybg`s Vensg* ?27 xgybg`s Oynbo` Okgynbo`* o`c 33 xgybg`s Enrxo`nb.*

n`bjwcn`f `goyj~ eoj d vedk oyg beoyobsgyn}gc or jdv+n`bdkg78 o`c svd xgybg`s ved oyg cgrbynigc or G`fjnre

Jo`fwofg Jgoy`gyr7? Vnse 3< rbeddjr n` nsr r~rsgk* VBXR bd|gyr 375 rqwoyg knjgr

Obbdycn`f sd cnrsynbs jgocgyrenx* g|g` vnse bd`sn`wgc n`bygorgr n` xd|gys~ n`cnbosdyr d|gy seg jors ?8 ~goyr

%n`bjwcn`f o` n`bygorg n` seg xgybg`sofg d rswcg`sr ved oyg ygbgn|n`f ygg dy ygcwbgc kgoj ig`gnsr ydk 96

xgybg`s n` 9888 sd 3>jjd`-

N Koy~jo`c obeng|gr segFyoc @osnd` fdoj d o >8'enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`yosg dy mwrs o rn`fjgenfe rbeddj bjorr* segrsosg vdwjc jnagj~ rgg o`n`bygorg n` nsr Fydrr Rsosg

Xydcwbs d kdyg seo`

- Bdwysgr~ dl seg Ojjno`bg ldy Gubgjjg`s Gcwbosnd`


28/100

9< Ijc`f o Foc @od`Koybe 98?9


? O Ldbwr d` Ossg`co`bg VBXR ygbdf`n}gc goyj~ d` seos segyg vor o `ggc sd g`rwyg seos benjcyg` vgyg n`

rbeddj g|gy~ co~ Coso ygxdysr ygfoycn`f rswcg`s ossg`co`bg vgyg xwijnregc ygfwjoyj~ o`c boygwjj~ oòj~}gc

sd ncg`sn~ rswcg`sr vnse xossgy`r d enfe oirg`sggnrk Rso vor rxgbnnbojj~ orrnf`gc sd vdya vnse

n`cn|ncwoj rswcg`sr sd d|gybdkg xddy ossg`co`bg xossgy`r os ojj jg|gjr Senr bd`bg`syosgc gdys ogbsgc

ossg`co`bg xdrnsn|gj~ obydrr seg r~rsgk VBXR redvgc seos rbeddj r~rsgkr `ggcgc sd rsoys dbwrn`f d`

rswcg`s ossg`co`bg or goyj~ or xynkoy~ o`c gjgkg`soy~ fyocgr

9 O Ldbwr d` Obocgknb Rwbbgrr VBXR ygbdf`n}gc seos rswcg`sr ved vgyg `ds xorrn`f bdyg bjorrgr vgyg

os o fygosgy ynra d ojjn`f igen`c o`c g|g`swojj~ cydxxn`f dws Sdco~* coso d` rswcg`s obocgknb xydfygrr

bd`sn`wg sd ig yg|ngvgc ygfwjoyj~* o`c soyfgsgc obocgknb ygrdwybgr o`c n`sgy|g`snd`r oyg cgrnf`gc sd

g`bdwyofg rwbbgrr Rxgbnnbojj~

Sgobegyr ved eo|g cgkd`rsyosgc o` oinjns~ sd vdya xdrnsn|gj~ vnse rsywffjn`f rswcg`sr oyg orrnf`gc sd

segrg rswcg`sr

VBXRr iwcfgs eor igg` ygojnf`gc sd xyd|ncg ygrdwybgr dy igdyg+* cwyn`f+* o`c osgy+rbeddj obocgknb

rwxxdysr dy rsywffjn`f o`c onjn`f rswcg`sr

Rwkkgy rbeddj xydfyokkn`f eor igg` ygcgrnf`gc sd n`bjwcg occnsndòj rnsgr* koan`f ns kdyg obbgrrnijg

dy ojj rswcg`sr

O bygcns ygbd|gy~ xydfyok eor igg` cgrnf`gc dy rswcg`sr ved eo|g onjgc o bdwyrg iws `ggc d`j~ o

kn`nkoj okdw`s d ygkgcnosnd` sd obeng|g seg bdwyrg dimgbsn|g

2 O Ldbwr d` Ojsgyòsn|g Jgoy`n`f VBXR ygbdf`n}gr seos `ds ojj rswcg`sr vnjj obeng|g n` o syocnsndòj jgoy`n`f

g`|nyd`kg`s N` ygrxd`rg sd senr ygojns~* cnrsynbs jgocgyr cg|gjdxgc xydfyokr sd kggs seg `ggcr d rswcg`sr

ved eo|g o xossgy` d cnrywxsnd`* eo|g dsegy rdbnoj nrrwgr* dy `ggc sd vdya* venbe nkxgcg segny rwbbgrr o`c

rdkgsnkgr g|g` seg rwbbgrr d bjorrkosgr Segny gdysr n`bjwcg

Guxo`rnd` d G|g`n`f Enfe Rbeddj* venbe ojjdvr rswcg`sr sd bdkxjgsg fyocwosnd` ygqwnygkg`sr os o`

ojsgyòsn|g snkg o`c rgssn`f* n` occnsnd` sd ossg`cn`f segny enfe rbeddj

Cgrnfòsgc rso os o jgoy`n`f bg`sgy sd kggs seg `ggcr d sgg` xoyg`sr Senr xydfyok xyd|ncgr obocgknb*

rdbnoj* o`c bdkkw`ns~ rwxxdysr dy kdsegyr* osegyr* o`c `gvidy`r* n` xoys`gyrenx vnse jdboj rgy|nbg o`c

gcwbosnd` ofg`bngr seos bo` xyd|ncg vyoxoydw`c rwxxdysr

3 O Ldbwr d` Rswcg`s Oc|dbob~ VBXR ygbdf`n}gr seos rdkg rswcg`sr `ggc rsyd`fgy rwxxdysr sd g`bdwyofg

segny rwbbgrr Sd obeng|g senr* seg iwcfgs vor ygojnf`gc dy seg bygosnd` d Rswcg`s N`sgy|g`snd` Rxgbnojnrsr

%RNR.* enygc rxgbnnbojj~ sd ncg`sn~ rswcg`sr `ggcn`f rwxxdys o`c kd`nsdyn`f segny rwbbgrr conj~ Rswcg`s

N`sgy|g`snd` Rxgbnojnrsr

Vdya vnse rswcg`sr sd cg|gjdx fdojr seos oyg kwswojj~ ofyggc wxd`1

Ldbwr d` iwnjcn`f ygjosnd`renxr vnse seg rswcg`sr o`c segny oknjngr sd g`rwyg seos g|gy~d`g nr obsn|gj~

n`|dj|gc n` seg rswcg`sr rwbbgrr1

Gkxdvgy rswcg`sr sd soag ygrxd`rninjns~ dy segny rwbbgrr i~ rgssn`f fdojr* vnse o dbwr d` fyocwosnd` o`c

boyggy xjo``n`f1 o`c

N`bygorg rwxxdys dy rswcg`sr syo`rnsnd`n`f okd`f rbeddjr* fyocg jg|gjr* o`c dwsrncg rgy|nbgr

Seydwfe segrg soyfgsgc o`c d`fdn`f bdkknskg`sr sd rswcg`sr* rn`bg 9883* seg VBXR fyocwosnd` yosg eor

ygkon`gc rwirso`snojj~ enfegy seo` seg rsosg o|gyofg73

Borg Rswc~


29/100



Soijg 2= Beo`fg n` seg @wkigy d Rswcg`sr

Ossg`cn`f Cydxdws Lobsdy~ Enfe Rbeddjr

Xydfygrr nr @ds Lors G`dwfe sd Ygobe seg

Fyoc @osnd` Fdoj

Venjg seg coso d` fyocwosnd` yosgr* cydxdws obsdy~

enfe rbeddjr* o`c rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f segk n`cnbosg

seg òsnd` nr koan`f xydfygrr* seg~ ojrd redv seos

seg nkxyd|gkg`s nr `ds eoxxg`n`f ors g`dwfe N seg

yosg d xydfygrr obeng|gc cwyn`f seg nyrs cgbocg d

seg 9?rs bg`swy~ bd`sn`wgr cwyn`f seg rgbd`c cgbocg*

seg òsnd`r fyocwosnd` yosg n` 9898 vnjj ig bjdrgy sd58 xgybg`s seo` seg fdoj d >8 xgybg`s Os seg bwyyg`s

yosg* segyg vnjj rsnjj ig kdyg seo` ?*888 enfe rbeddjr

vegyg seg dccr d fyocwosn`f oyg s~xnbojj~ `d igssgy

seo` 78$78 n` 9898

Rsosg Cngyg`bgr n` Nkxyd|n`f EnfeRbeddj Fyocwosnd` Yosgr

O` guoknòsnd` d vegyg xydfygrr dbbwyygc o`c

rsojjgc n` seg jors cgbocg yg|gojr o bjgoygy xnbswyg d

vegyg gdysr `ggc sd ig n`sg`rnngc o`c obbgjgyosgc

O Rwirgs d Rsosgr nr Cyn|n`f @osndòj Xydfygrr

Seg kdrs ygbg`s fyocwosnd` yosg coso redv bjgoyj~

seos seg kdcgrs d|gyojj òsndòj nkxyd|gkg`s nr seg

ygrwjs d svd |gy~ cngyg`s rgsr d rsosgr Or seg kox

redvr* 98 rsosgr rov kgcnwk sd enfe fydvse n` segny

fyocwosnd` yosgr* o|gyofn`f nkxyd|gkg`sr d kdyg

seo` d`g+eoj d d`g xgybg`sofg xdn`s o``wojj~ @n`g

d segrg rsosgr o|gyofgc kdyg seo` o xgybg`sofg

xdn`s nkxyd|gkg`s xgy ~goy Sg``grrgg o`c @gv ^dya

jgc seg vo~ or seg d`j~ rsosgr vnse cdwijg+cnfns fon`r

Gobe rov o` o|gyofg 9 xgybg`sofg+xdn`s nkxyd|gkg`s

xgy ~goy* vnse sywj~ nkxygrrn|g fon`r rn`bg 9889 %?5

xgybg`sofg xdn`sr n` Sg``grrgg o`c ?2 n` @gv ^dya. N`

occnsnd`* dwy rsosgrBdjdyocd* Rdwse Coadso* Vgrs

\nyfn`no* o`c Jdwnrnoòeoc kdcgrs fon`r d oidws 2

xgybg`sofg xdn`sr d|gy seg jors cgbocg* gqwoj sd seg

òsndòj o|gyofg Segrg nkxyd|gkg`sr vgyg bdw`sgy+iojo`bgc i~ 97 dsegy rsosgr seos rov jnknsgc* rsofò`s

dy cgbjn`n`f fyocwosnd` yosgr d|gy seg jors cgbocg

N` redys* oidws eoj seg rsosgr n` seg òsnd` kd|gc

dyvoyc o`c oidws eoj cnc `ds

Beo`fg n` seg

@wkigy d Rswcg`sr

G`ydjjgc n` Enfe

Rbeddjr vnse o

Xydkdsn`f Xdvgy d


30/100



Beo`fgr n` Fyocwosnd` Yosgr* i~ Rsosg 9889 sd 988>

Sg``grrgg ?65

@gv ^dya ?28

Rdwse Boydjnò 5?

Ojoioko 65

Ag`swba~ 65

\gykd`s 6 d` @wkigy d Fyocwosgr n` 988>

Rsosg Cngyg`bgr n` seg @wkigyd Rswcg`sr Ossg`cn`f CydxdwsLobsdy~ Rbeddjr

Or vnse fyocwosnd` yosgr* rdkg rsosgr nkxyd|gc

rwirso`snojj~ n` ygcwbn`f seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr

ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdyngr* venjg dsegyr rsofòsgc

dy rov n`bygorgr

Or Soijg 7 g`bdwyofn`fj~ redvr* 2< rsosgr eo|g gvgy

rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr

n` 98?8 seo` n` 9889 Bdjjgbsn|gj~* nkxyd|gkg`sr n`

rdwsegy` rsosgr obbdw`s dy

@osndòj ??65

Sg``grrgg ?2*558

Ljdynco ?9*939

Fgdyfno 5*

Sguor


32/100



Ygfnd`$Rsosg

9889Sdsoj`wkigyd rbeddjr

98?8Sdsoj`wkigy drbeddjr Beo`fg

Beo`fg n` seg`wkigy d enferbeddj rswcg`srossg`cn`f oenfe rbeddjvnse oXydkdsn`fXdvgy d


33/100



Bdkxoyn`f Fyocwosnd` Yosg N`bygorgrvnse Cydxdws Lobsdy~ Cgbjn`gr

Rsosgr Cyn|n`f @osndòj Nkxyd|gkg`sr= Yonrn`f

Fyocwosnd` Yosgr o`c Ygcwbn`f seg @wkigy d

Rswcg`sr Ossg`cn`f Cydxdws Lobsdy~ Enfe Rbeddjr

Gjg|g` d seg ?9 rsosgr seos eoc seg fygosgrs fon`r n`

seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr fyocwosn`f ydk enfe rbeddj

ojrd eoc joyfg cgbjn`gr n` seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr

ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr

Oidws 98 xgybg`s d rsosgr eo|g igg` cyn|n`f d|gyojj

òsndòj nkxyd|gkg`sr* or rgg` i~ bdkxoyn`f seg

rsosgr vnse seg fygosgrs fyocwosnd` yosg fon`r vnse

seg rsosgr eo|n`f seg fygosgrs cgbjn`gr n` rswcg`srossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr @n`g d seg

?9 rsosgr %Ojoioko* Ljdynco* Fgdyfno* Ag`swba~* @gv

^dya* @dyse Boydjnò* Rdwse Boydjnò* Sg``grrgg*

o`c Sguor. vnse seg inffgrs n`bygorgr n` fyocwosgr

vgyg okd`f seg sdx ?7 rsosgr vnse seg inffgrs

cgbjn`gr n` rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdyngr

Korrobewrgssr o`c Vnrbd`rn` ojrd rov rnf`nnbo`s

n`bygorgr n` seg `wkigy d fyocwosgr o`c cgbjn`gr

n` seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws

obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr Segrg svd rsosgr* edvg|gy*

rsoysgc vnse o rkojjgy xgybg`sofg d rswcg`sr n`

segrg enfe rbeddjr* rd seg~ oyg `ds jnrsgc okd`f

seg sdx ?7 rsosgr Knrrdwyn rso`cr dws or eo|n`frgg` o rwirso`snoj n`bygorg n` fyocwosgr vnsedws o

bdyygrxd`cn`f cgbjn`g n` seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr

ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr

Seg bdyygjosnd` igsvgg` eo|n`f o cgbjn`g n` seg

`wkigy d rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f jdv fyocwosnd` yosg

enfe rbeddjr o`c n`bygorn`f seg `wkigy d enfe

rbeddj fyocwosgr nr ojrd oxxoyg`s* sedwfe jgrr rsyd`f

Rg|g` d seg sdx ?7 rsosgr vnse cgbjn`n`f `wkigyr d

rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr oyg

`ds okd`f seg sdx ?9 rsosgr vnse fon`r n` fyocwosgr

N`cnoò* Voren`fsd`* o`c Bdjdyocd guxgyng`bgc rkojj

fon`r n` enfe rbeddj fyocwosgr o`c joyfgy cgbygorgrn` seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~

enfe rbeddjr N` segrg borgr* seg cydxdws obsdy~ coso

%98?8. oyg d`g ~goy oegoc d seg fyocwosnd` coso

%988>.* n`cnbosn`f seos seg kdrs ygbg`s cgbjn`gr n`

rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr

ko~ eo|g `ds wjj~ syo`rjosgc n`sd n`bygorn`f `wkigyr

d fyocwosgr

Voy`n`f Rnf`r= @d Fyocwosg Fon`r* iws Rwirso`snoj

Cgbjn`gr n` seg @wkigy d Rswcg`sr Ossg`cn`f

Cydxdws Lobsdy~ Enfe Rbeddjr

Ldwy rsosgrOyn}dò* Bojndy`no* Knrrnrrnxxn o`c

Xg``r~j|o`noeoc los dy g|g` ojjn`f fyocwosnd`

yosgr iws rwirso`snoj cgbjn`gr n` seg `wkigy d

rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr I~

cg`nsnd`* cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr oyg xjobgr

vegyg fyocwosn`f nr `ds seg `dyk Edvg|gy* jgo|n`f

cydxdws obsdyngr o`c g`ydjjn`f gjrgvegyg cdgr ds

fwoyo`sgg igssgy dwsbdkgr Ldy guokxjg* rdkg beoysgy*

|nyswoj* ojsgyòsn|g o`c bd`sn`wosnd` rbeddjr eo|g jdv

fyocwosnd` yosgr Rsosgr |oy~ bd`rncgyoij~ n` seg wkigy

d dxsnd`r dxg` sd rswcg`sr* or vgjj or seg xgybg`s

eo|n`f rsyd`f fyocwosnd` dwsbdkgr Kd|n`f dyvoyc*ns vnjj ig nkxdyso`s sd kd`nsdy vegsegy o` w`n`sg`cgc

dwsbdkg d n`bygorgc fyocwosnd` yosg obbdw`soinjns~ nr

seg syo`rgy d kdyg rswcg`sr ydk ygfwjoy enfe rbeddjr

sd ojsgyòsn|g dy |nyswoj rbeddjr seos eo|g jdv fyocwosnd`

yosgr Senr bd`rgqwg`bg bdwjc jgoc sd o cgbjn`g n` seg

`wkigy d rswcg`sr ossg`cn`f jdv fyocwosnd` yosg

ygfwjoy o`c |dbosndòj enfe rbeddjr* iws `ds d|gyojj

nkxyd|gkg`s n` seg rsosgr fyocwosnd` yosg

Beojjg`fg Oegoc++Kd|n`f seg @osnd` sd o>8 Xgybg`s Enfe Rbeddj Fyocwosnd` Yosg

Seg coso koag bjgoy seos sd ygobe o >8 xgybg`s enferbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg i~ 9898 seg òsnd` vnjj `ggc

o ?33 xgybg`sofg xdn`s nkxyd|gkg`s ydk 98?8 sd

9898 Svd rsosgr* Sg``grrgg o`c @gv ^dya* eo|g

cgkd`rsyosgc senr jg|gj d nkxyd|gkg`s d|gy seg

xors cgbocg* n`cnbosn`f seos fon`r d senr kof`nswcg

oyg xdrrnijg Ldy seg òsnd` sd kggs senr fdoj* svd

s~xgr d rsosgr vnjj `ggc n`bygorgc ossg`snd` o`c

gèo`bgc gdysr

Lnyrs* oxxydunkosgj~ eoj d seg rsosgr kocg jnknsgc dy

`d xydfygrr n` segny fyocwosnd` yosgr igsvgg` 9889

o`c 988> Segrg rsosgr `ggc sd obs d` seg jgrrd`r

ydk rsosgr seos eo|g kocg rwirso`snoj xydfygrrRgbd`c oyg seg rsosgr seos kocg rwirso`snoj xydfygrr*

iws cnc rd ydk o |gy~ jdv rsoysn`f xdn`s %fyocwosnd`

yosgr n` seg


34/100



O Bjdrgy Jdda os seg Rsosgr seos Eo|g @dsKocg Xydfygrr

Soijg < dyfo`n}gr seg rsosgr seos kocg kn`nkoj dy `d

xydfygrr seydwfe 988> n`sd d`g d dwy bosgfdyngr*

bdkin`n`f svd obsdyr= %?. seg cnrso`bg o rsosgr

bwyyg`s fyocwosnd` yosg nr ydk >8 xgybg`s o`c %9.

seg `wkigy d rswcg`sr ved `ggc sd ig kd|gc ydk

cydxdwsr sd fyocwosgr Sdfgsegy* segrg cnkg`rnd`r

grsoijnre seg gusg`s d o rsosgr beojjg`fg Seg soijg

ojrd xyd|ncgr oxxydxynosg xggy ydjg kdcgjr ydk

okd`f seg rsosgr seos eo|g kocg xydfygrr

Seg bosgfdyngr oyg

? Rsosgr seos `ggc d`j~ kdcgyosg nkxyd|gkg`sr nènfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr sd ygobe >8 xgybg`s*

ng jgrr seo` ? xgybg`sofg+xdn`s nkxyd|gkg`s xgy

~goy d|gy sg` ~goyr1

9 Rsosgr seos `ggc rnf`nnbo`s nkxyd|gkg`sr n` enfe

rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr sd ygobe >8 xgybg`s* ng

? dy kdyg xgybg`sofg+xdn`s nkxyd|gkg`s xgy ~goy

d|gy sg` ~goyr1

2 Rsosgr seos eo|g sd nkxyd|g seg fyocwosnd`

dwsbdkgr dy d`j~ o kdcgrs `wkigy d rswcg`sr sd

ygobe >8 xgybg`s* ng jgrr seo` 9*888 rswcg`sr xgy

bdedys1 o`c*

3 Rsosgr seos eo|g sd nkxyd|g seg fyocwosnd`

dwsbdkgr dy o rnf`nnbo`s `wkigy d rswcg`sr sd

ygobe >8 xgybg`s* ng kdyg seo` 7*888 xgy bdedys

Soijg

Rgg` n` senr jnfes* dwy fydwxr gkgyfg

@goy o`c Lgv* Loy o`c Lgv

Lnyrs* segyg oyg ?3 rsosgr vegyg gvgy seo` 9*888

rswcg`sr xgy bdedys `ggc sd ig kd|gc ydk cydxdwsr

sd fyocwosgr sd ygobe o >8 xgybg`s fyocwosnd`

yosg D segrg ?3* rnu %@gv Eokxrenyg* \gykd`s*

Kon`g* Cgjovoyg* Ojorao* o`c Kn``grdso. eo|g kocg

rwirso`snoj xydfygrr ydk 9889 sd 988> Seg dsegyr

seos eo|g `ds* vnse seg gubgxsnd` d Yedcg Nrjo`c*

oyg fgdfyoxenbojj~ bjwrsgygc okd`f seg xjon`r o`c

kdw`son` rsosgr+Ndvo* @giyorao* @dyse Coadso* Rdwse

Coadso* Kd`soò* V~dkn`f* o`c Ncoed Senr rwffgrsridse o ygfndòj bd`rdysnwk oxxydobe %or eor gkgyfgc

okd`f seg @gv G`fjo`c rsosgr seos eo|g kocg

xydfygrr. o`c seg xdsg`snoj sd jgoy` ydk rsosgr vnse

rnknjoy beojjg`fgr o`c fgdfyoxe~

@ggcr sd kd|ggvgy seo`9*888 rswcg`srxgy bdedys ydkcydxdwsr sdER Fyocwosgr sdygobe >8' ERFyocwosnd` Yosgn` 9898

@ggcr sd kd|gkdyg seo` 7*888rswcg`sr xgybdedys ydkcydxdwsr sdER Fyocwosgr sdygobe >8' ERFyocwosnd` Yosgn` 9898

@ggcr jgrr seo` ?xgybg`sofg xdn`snkxyd|gkg`s xgy~goy sd ygobe >8'ER Fyocwosnd` Yosgn` 9898

@goy o`c LgvNcoed* Ndvo*Kd`soò* @giyorao*@dyse Coadso*Rdwse Coadso

@goy o`c Ko`~Xg``r~j|o`no*Koy~jo`c* @gvMgyrg~* Dend

@ggcr kdyg seo`? xgybg`sofg xdn`snkxyd|gkg`s xgy~goy sd ygobe >8'ER Fyocwosnd` Yosgn` 9898

Loy o`c LgvYedcg Nrjo`c*V~dkn`f

Loy o`c Ko`~Oyao`ror* Oyn}dò*Bd``gbsnbws*Bojndy`no* Njjn`dnr*N`cnoò* Knbenfo`*Knrrnrrnxxn* @g|oco*@gv Kgunbd*Dajoedko* \nyfn`no*Voren`fsd`

Ydjg kdcgjr Ojorao* Cgjovoyg*Kon`g* Kn``grdso*@gv Eokxrenyg*\gykd`s

Ljdynco* Fgdyfno*Korrobewrgssr* @gv^dya* @dyse Boydjnò*Dygfd`* Sg``grrgg*Sguor* Vnrbd`rn`


35/100



@goy o`c Ko`~

Seg rgbd`c fydwxn`f nr seg @goy o`c Ko`~ rsosgr dXg``r~j|o`no* @gv Mgyrg~* Koy~jo`c* o`c Dend Segrg

bd`snfwdwr rsosgr rsygsben`f ydk seg Knc+Osjo`snb

sd seg Kncvgrs ojj eo|g enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr

oid|g seg òsndòj o|gyofg %n` seg 58 xgybg`snjgr.

@gv Mgyrg~* Koy~jo`c* o`c Xg``r~j|o`no* edvg|gy*

eo|g grrg`snojj~ kocg `d xydfygrr n` yonrn`f

fyocwosnd` yosgr igsvgg` 9889 o`c 988> Dend

guxgyng`bgc d`j~ kdcgrs xydfygrr %2 d o xgybg`sofg

xdn`s xgy ~goy. Sd ygobe o enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`

yosg d >8 xgybg`s i~ 9898* Dend o`c Xg``r~j|o`no

gobe `ggc sd fyocwosg ?7*888 kdyg rswcg`sr n` 9898

seo` 988> Koy~jo`c kwrs fyocwosg 6*988 kdyg o`c

@gv Mgyrg~ 7*988 Gobe d segrg rsosgr bo` xdn`s sdxydfygrr n` rdkg rbeddj cnrsynbsr %gf Iojsnkdyg Bns~

o`c Voren`fsd` Bdw`s~ n` Koy~jo`c1 Bn`bn`òsn o`c

Bo`sd` n` Dend.* iws segrg fon`r eo|g igg` drgs i~

fg`gyoj rsofòsnd` dy cgbjn`gr gjrgvegyg Seg~ ojrd

eo|g boxobns~ Dend o`c Koy~jo`c oyg idse Yobg sd

seg Sdx Rsosgr Koy~jo`c o`c @gv Mgyrg~ oyg svd d

seg vgojsengrs rsosgr n` seg òsnd`* iws eo|g igg`

dwscnrso`bgc n` yonrn`f fyocwosnd` yosgr i~ rsosgr d

kwbe kdyg kdcgrs kgo`r

Loy o`c Ko`~

Seg nòj fydwxn`f* seg Loy o`c Ko`~ rsosgr* nr vegygseg òsnd`r fdoj d o >8 xgybg`s fyocwosnd` yosg vnjj

n` fddc xoys ig vd` dy jdrs Segyg oyg ?2 rsosgr seos

eo|g kocg |gy~ kdcgrs fon`r* `d nkxyd|gkg`sr*

dy rjnc iobavoycr n` segny enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`

yosgr igsvgg` 9889 o`c 988> Seg~ ojrd eo|g joyfg

`wkigyr d rswcg`sr %7*888 dy kdyg xgy bdedys.

ved `ggc sd ig kd|gc ydk cydxdwsr sd fyocwosgr*

o`c seg~ `ggc sd n`bygorg segny fyocwosnd` yosg i~

? xgybg`sofg xdn`s dy kdyg xgy ~goy sd obeng|g o >8

xgybg`s fyocwosnd` yosg i~ 9898 Ldy segrg rsosgr o`c

seg òsnd` sd ygobe seg >8 xgybg`s fyocwosnd` yosg*

seg Loy o`c Ko`~ rsosgr `ggc sd bdjjgbsn|gj~ xydcwbg o

qwoysgy knjjnd` kdyg fyocwosgr n` 9898 seo` n` 988>Senr bdkxynrgr `goyj~ 38 xgybg`s d seg rswcg`sr seos

seg òsnd` `ggcr sd swy` ydk cydxdwsr sd enfe rbeddj

fyocwosgr sd obeng|g seg Fyoc @osnd` fdoj

Loy o`c Ko`~ rsosgr bo` jgoy` ydk rnknjoy rsosgr

seos eo|g kocg xydfygrr O `wkigy d seg Loy o`c

Ko`~ rsosgr ojrd eo|g xdsg`snojj~ xydknrn`f gdysr

w`cgyvo~ Ldy guokxjg* \nyfn`no nr okd`f seg jgocgyr

n` iwnjcn`f rsosgvncg goyj~ voy`n`f r~rsgkr %GVR.

o`c ygqwnyn`f seg jdvgrs+xgydykn`f enfe rbeddjr

sd wrg segk Gcwbosnd` cgxoyskg`sr n` Bojndy`no

o`c Knbenfo` oyg ojrd xnjdsn`f gdysr sd g`bdwyofg

seg wrg d GVR @g|oco eor soag` nsr xdrnsnd` or seg

rsosg vnse seg jdvgrs fyocwosnd` yosg sd egoys= idse

Bjoya o`c Voredg bdw`sngr eo|g rnf`nnbo`s gdysr

w`cgyvo~ sd obbgjgyosg fyocwosnd` yosgr D|gyojj*

edvg|gy* segrg rsosgr obg rnf`nnbo`s beojjg`fgr

o`c `ggc sd obbgjgyosg gunrsn`f gdysr Seg~ redwjc

cg|gjdx kdyg iydoc+iorgc rsosgvncg ygrxd`rgr sdgòijg rnf`nnbo`sj~ kdyg rswcg`sr sd fyocwosg ydk

enfe rbeddj

Ag~ Soagovo~r

Seg kdrs bwyyg`s coso d` enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`

yosgr o`c cydxdws obsdy~ enfe rbeddjr sgjjr wr svd

nkxdyso`s sen`fr Lnyrs* xydfygrr nr xdrrnijg o`c

rwirso`snoj xydfygrr nr dbbwyyn`f n` o rwi+rgs d

rsosgr Senr xydfygrr `ggcr sd bd`sn`wg o`c n` o

`wkigy d borgr obbgjgyosg Rgbd`c* o bjgoy rgs d

rsosgr eor gkgyfgc vegyg idse yg+cdwijgc jdboj

o`c rsosg gdysr o`c n`bygorgc òsndòj dbwr o`c

rwxxdys vnjj ig ygqwnygc sd obeng|g o >8 xgybg`s enfe

rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg i~ 9898 Seg sora seos ygkon`r

nr sd igssgy w`cgyrso`c seg jdbosnd` d seg cydxdws

beojjg`fg n` sedrg rsosgr* sd iwnjc ydk seg n`cn`fr

d seg xors cgbocg* o`c sd kdinjn}g o` n`dykgc o`c

rwrson`gc ygrxd`rg seos nr gqwoj sd seg òswyg* rbojg*

o`c rbdxg d seg cydxdws bynrnr


36/100



Soijg 6= Fyoc @osnd` Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fg N`cg=

Vegyg Vg Rso`c d` Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` %BKX. Ig`bekoyar os seg Bjdrg d 98??

Xydfygrr Beojjg`fgr

@osndòj O|gyofg Lygreko` Fyocwosnd` Yosg %OLFY. n`bygorgc ydk69< sd 677 xgybg`s igsvgg` 9889 o`c 988>77o` o|gyofg d 83xgybg`sofg xdn`sr xgy ~goy

Seg o|gyofgc jd`f+sgyk yosg d fydvse n` OLFY eor cgbjn`gc rn`bgseg Koybe 98?? O``woj Ygxdys Lwswyg òsndòj fydvse n` OLFY kwrsn`bygorg ?2- xgybg`sofg xdn`sr xgy ~goy dy seg òsnd` sd ygobe >8xgybg`s i~ 9898

Bjorr d 988> eoc ?? dyòsnd` sd ygobe >8 xgybg`s

Svg`s~+n|g rsosgr eoc kdcgrs sd joyfg n`bygorgr n` enfe rbeddjfyocwosnd` yosgr %OLFY.* 9889 sd 988> D`j~ Vnrbd`rn` ygobegc o>8 xgybg`s OLFY \gykd`s nr bjdrg* vnse OLFY d 5> Lnsgg` rsosgr eoc`d fydvse dy d`j~ kn`nkoj nkxyd|gkg`sr n` fyocwosnd` yosgr %OLFY.9889 sd 988>

Rsosgr vnse seg jdvgrs enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr n` 9889 oygkoan`f seg kdrs xydfygrr D seg ?6 rsosgr seos eoc OLFYr jdvgyseo` seg 9889 osndòj o|gyofg d 69* o`c rnu fygv < sd 5 xgybg`sofgxdn`sr n` senr xgyndc %OA* OJ* FO* A^* @B* o`c RB. Seg rsosgr vnse segfygosgrs fydvse vgyg joyfgj~ rdwsegy` rsosgr

Seg rsosgr vnse seg enfegrs enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr n` 9889 oygkoan`f jgrr rnf`nnbo`s xydfygrr D seg `n`g mwynrcnbsnd`r seos eocOLFYr enfegy seo` 58 xgybg`sofg xdn`sr n` 988?+89* seygg %@M* @G* WS.

cgbjn`gc i~ 9885+8> o`c dwy %XO* NO* @C* K@. n`bygorgc i~ jgrr seo`? xgybg`sofg xdn`s xgy ~goy* dsg` bd`rncgyoij~ jgrr D`j~ s vd bokgbjdrg sd n`bygorn`f i~ ? xgybg`sofg xdn`s dy rjnfesj~ kdyg xgy ~goy %\So`c VN.

Oynbo`+Okgynbo`* Enrxo`nb o`c @osn|g Okgynbo` OLFYr nkxyd|gc98* 93* 8< xgybg`sofg xdn`sr* ygrxgbsn|gj~* rn`bg 98851 seg 988>yosgr oyg


37/100



Fgdyfno= Rsyosgfnbojj~ Obbgjgyosn`f Nkxyd|gkg`s

FGDYFNO NR KOAN@F FDDC XYDFYGRR

N@ OCCYGRRN@F SEG ENFE RBEDDJ

CYDXDWS BYNRNR

D`gdlrnursosgrvnsesegjdvgrsenfe

rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosgr n` 9889*

Fgdyfno yonrgc nsr yosg 6 xgybg`sofg

xdn`sr %ydk 5< ossgkxsgc sd ocmwrs rsosg gcwbosnd` w`cn`f dy yg|g`wg+

redys rbeddj cnrsynbsr Gdysr sd xydkdsg gqwns~ n` seg xyd|nrnd` d w`cr bd`sn`wg

Seg Fgdyfno Jdssgy~* d`g d seg `osnd`r nyrs gdysr sd w`c gcwbosnd` seydwfe fokijn`f xydbggcr*

n`bygorgc obbgrr sd idse xyg+A o`c bdjjgfg Or o ygrwjs d senr w`cn`f* `dv `goyj~ eoj seg rsosgr gjnfnijg

~dw`frsgyr ossg`c wjj+co~ xyg+An`cgyfoysg`* venjg ?56*888


38/100

2< Ijc`f o Foc @od`Koybe 98?9


Xdjnb~ beo`fgr dy nkxyd|gc bwyynbwjwk* orrgrrkg`s o`c obbdw`soinjns~ _IG rgs rsosgvncg bwyynbwjwk rso`coycr dy seg nyrs snkg Fgdyfno yg|nrgc segk sd òsndòj rso`coycr n`

9887* or xoys d seg Okgynbo` Cnxjdko Xydmgbs

Enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` o`c vynsn`f orrgrrkg`sr igfo` n` ?>>?* vnse g`c+d+bdwyrg sgrsn`f josgy occgc

n` gnfes enfe rbeddj rwimgbsr Seg rsyd`fgy dbwr d` rswcg`s dwsbdkgr vor gkxeorn}gc vnse jgfnrjosnd`

grsoijnren`f seg Fd|gy`dyr Dnbg d Rswcg`s Obeng|gkg`s n` 9889

Seg Rsosg Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd`* o`c n` rdkg borgr d`xydns xoys`gyr* drsgygc jgocgyrenx cg|gjdxkg`s

o`c sgbe`nboj orrnrso`bg sd rsywffjn`f rbeddjr* rxwyygc i~ @d Benjc Jgs Igen`c o`c nsr rbeddj ro`bsnd`r

Seg dwy+sngygc enfe rbeddj cnxjdko r~rsgk seos rgs jdv guxgbsosnd`r dy rdkg vor gjnknòsgc dy seg bjorr

seos g`sgygc n` 9885 @dv* ojj rswcg`sr rgga d`g cnxjdko* koyagc i~ 92 bygcnsr o`c dwy enfe+jg|gj kose o`c

rbng`bg bdwyrgr Rnkwjso`gdwrj~* seg w`n|gyrns~ r~rsgk occgc d`g bdyg bygcns ygqwnygkg`s dy g`syo`sr* o`c

rsyg`fseg`gc bynsgyno dy rswcg`sr sd obqwnyg o`c aggx seg EDXG Rbedjoyrenx

Bydrrrgbsdy bdjjoidyosnd` o`c mdn`s fdojr dy nkxyd|gkg`s

Seg Fgdyfno Xoys`gyrenx dy Gubgjjg`bg n` Gcwbosnd` vor dykgc i~ seg Fgdyfno Beokigy d Bdkkgybg 98 ~goyr

ofd sd drsgy n``d|osnd`* xydkdsg jgocgyrenx xydfyokr* xwijnbn}g rwbbgrr* bygosg ovoyg`grr d `ggcr* o`c

oc|dbosg dy rdw`c gcwbosnd` xdjnbngr sd egjx seg rsosg cg|gjdx gbd`dknbojj~ Ygbg`sj~* seg xoys`gyrenx mdn`gc

seg W`nsgc Vo~* dsegy `d`xydlsr o`c bdyxdyosnd`r or o komdy xjo~gy n` Fgdyfnor `gv Ygoc~ i~ 9? n`nsnosn|g

W`n|gyrns~ r~rsgk jgocgyr o`c seg fd|gy`dy rsoysgc o X+?>7 sd xydkdsg bdjjoidyosnd` igsvgg` rbeddj

cnrsynbsr o`c bdjjgfgr o`c yonrg guxgbsosnd`r dy dwsbdkgr

O josgy fd|gy`dy guxo`cgc senr n`sd o X+98 gdys seos

ojnf`gc jgfojj~ rgxoyosg gcwbosnd` o`c fd|gy`kg`s

dyfo`n}osnd`r sd bddycnòsg rsyosgfngr


39/100



bdoben`f xydbgrr sd orrnrs sgobegyr d rswcg`sr vnse cnroinjnsngr sd syoba rswcg`sr ossg`co`bg* igeo|ndy o`cbdwyrg+xorrn`f* ygrxd`c vnse xdrnsn|g igeo|ndy n`sgy|g`snd`r* o`c g`bdwyofg ygbgnxs d seg ygfwjoy gcwbosnd`

cnxjdko @goyj~ ?78 rbeddjr xoysnbnxosgc* o`c rbeddjr seos nkxjgkg`sgc vnse ncgjns~ oxxgoy sd eo|g n`bygorgc

fyocwosnd` yosgr O senyc n`nsnosn|g* i~ Fgdyfno Oxxjgrggc* orrdbnosgc xdrnsn|g* gqwnsoijg cnrbnxjn`g vnse enfegy

fyocwosnd` yosgr* o` oxxydobe rwxxdysgc i~ seg Cgxoyskg`s d Gcwbosnd`r Fgdyfno Rswcg`s Egojse Rwy|g~

N``d|osn|g bdjjoidyosnd` igsvgg` iwrn`grrgr o`c jdboj gcwbosnd` g`snsngr bd`syniwsg sd yonrn`f fyocwosnd`

yosgr Gokxjgr n`bjwcg

Rdwsevnyg* seg `osnd`r joyfgrs ko`wobswygy d gjgbsynboj boijgr* ygqwnygr enfe rbeddj cnxjdkor dy g`sy~+

jg|gj mdir* ~gs `ds g`dwfe fyocwosgr vgyg o|onjoijg ydk nsr bdkkw`ns~r enfe rbeddjr Rdwsevnyg o`c

cnrsynbs xgyrd``gj cg|gjdxgc ?9 dy Jng sd swy` oydw`c rswcg`sr ved oyg jnagj~ sd cydx dws vnsedws

n`sgy|g`snd`r ?9 dy Jng nr sowfes n` o obnjns~ ygcgrnf`gc n`sd o sgoben`f xjo`s Rswcg`sr oyg xonc o`c

kg`sdygc* o`c jgoy` g`sy~+jg|gj ko`wobswyn`f ranjjr* vdya gsenb o`c bdkkw`nbosnd` ranjjr* o`c obocgknbr

N` seg nyrs dwy ~goyr* 28? ?9 dy Jng rswcg`sr ygbgn|gc seg Fgdyfno ygfwjoy cnxjdko* vnse seg `wkigy

cdwijn`f gobe ~goy Seg cnrsynbs fyocwosnd` yosg n`bygorgc i~ ?23 xgybg`sofg xdn`sr %


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Xoys 2= Xydfygrr o`c Beojjg`fgn` Kggsn`f Ig`bekoyar d segBn|nb Koyreojj Xjo`


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Ijc`f o Foc @od` Koybe 98?9 2>

XyD FyGr r O@ C b e OJJG@ FG n@ kGGsn@ F IG@ b e kOyA r D L se G b n| nb kOyr e OJJ XJ

Or cgsonjgc goyjngy n` senr ygxdys* seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` sd Iwnjc o Fyoc @osnd` nr o bdedysiorgc oxxydobe

onkn`f sd g`rwyg seg Bjorr d 9898 %sdco~r bwyyg`s 3se fyocgyr. ygobegr o enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd` yosg d >8

xgybg`s Seg bokxonf`r jgocgyrenx cgsgykn`gc ig`bekoyar sd syoba rswcg`sr xydfygrr seydwfe gjgkg`soy~

rbeddj* seg knccjg fyocgr* o`c enfe rbeddj Seg 98?9 O``woj Wxcosg xyd|ncgr o` dxxdysw`ns~ sd ygxdys d` segrg

ig`bekoyar* o`c enfejnfes ag~ rwbbgrrgr* dxxdysw`nsngr o`c beojjg`fgr dy seg osnd`

Ig`bekoyar= Gjgkg`soy~ o`c KnccjgRbeddj ^goyr %98?9+98?


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XyD FyGr r O@ C b e OJJG@ FG n@ kGGsn@ F IG@ b e kOyA r D L se G b n| nb kOyr e OJJ XJO@

Seg Bokxonf` dy Fyocg+Jg|gj Ygocn`f

Seg Bokxonf` dy Fyocg+Jg|gj Ygocn`f nr o bdjjoidyosn|g gdys i~ cd}g`r d w`cgyr o`c `d`xydls xoys`gyr obydrr

seg `osnd` sd g`rwyg seos kdyg d dwy benjcyg` ydk jdv+n`bdkg oknjngr rwbbggc n` rbeddj o`c fyocwosg xygxoygc

dy bdjjgfg* o boyggy* o`c obsn|g bnsn}g`renx Seg Bokxonf` dbwrgr d` seg kdrs nkxdyso`s xygcnbsdy d rbeddj rwbbgrr

o`c enfe rbeddj fyocwosnd`fyocg+jg|gj ygocn`f i~ seg g`c d senyc fyocg


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Ig`bekoya= Gjgkg`soy~ o`c KnccjgRbeddj ^goyr

Ygcwbg Beyd`nb Oirg`sggnrk

Beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk %knrrn`f 98 co~r dy ign`f oirg`s

?8 xgybg`s dy kdyg d rbeddj co~r. nr o ag~ goyj~

voy`n`f n`cnbosdy d o rswcg`s ign`f d syoba sd

fyocwosg Cwyn`f seg xors ~goy* ygbdf`nsnd` d seg

nkxdyso`bg d rbeddj ossg`co`bg o`c seg kwjsnxjg

`gfosn|g bd`rgqwg`bgr d beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk fygv

rnf`nnbo`sj~ Kdyg o`c kdyg ko~dyr sdda wx seg

bowrg N`nsnoj gdysr n` Iojsnkdyg o`c @gv ^dya Bns~

eo|g rxygoc sd Idrsd`* Benbofd* Ro` O`sd`nd* o`c

Rgossjg Seygg guokxjgr d xydfygrr oyg enfejnfesgc

egyg or seg òsnd` bd`sn`wgr sd redv nkxyd|gkg`s

N` @gv ^dya Bns~* G|gy~ Rswcg`s* G|gy~ Co~* o

bdkxygeg`rn|g kwjsn+ofg`b~ gdys jgc i~ seg dnbg

d Ko~dy Knbeogj Ijddkigyf eoc xydknrn`f nyrs ~goy

ygrwjsr N` @^B* d`g dws d n|g rswcg`sr* kdyg seo`

978*888* knrrgc o kd`se dy kdyg d rbeddj n` 988>+

98?8 o`c 6> xgybg`s d seg benjcyg` n` seg mw|g`njg

mwrsnbg r~rsgk eo|g ygbdycr d beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk

Or xoys d o kwjsn+sngygc ygrxd`rg* @gv ^dya xnjdsgc

o Rwbbgrr Kg`sdy Bdyxr n` 97 gjgkg`soy~* knccjg

o`c enfe rbeddjr Sgokr d Rwbbgrr Kg`sdyr vgyg

s~xnbojj~ kosbegc vnse ?8 sd ?7 rswcg`sr vnse ygbdycr

d beyd`nb oirg`sggnrk vedk seg~ rwxxdysgc osjgors seygg co~r o vgga* os rbeddj* cwyn`f seg rbeddj

co~ Seg kg`sdyr ojrd sdda xoys n` vggaj~ ossg`co`bg

yg|ngvr* jgc i~ seg xyn`bnxoj n` venbe coso vor

bd`sn`wojj~ oòj~}gc sd ncg`sn~ syg`cr* cg|gjdx idse

vedjg rbeddj o`c soyfgsgc n`sgy|g`snd`r onkgc os

n`bygorn`f ossg`co`bg* o`c ygfwjoyj~ g|ojwosg seg

ggbsn|g`grr d seg n`sgy|g`snd`r oxxjngc Rwbbgrr

Kg`sdyr bokg ydk òsndòj rgy|nbg dyfo`n}osnd`r

%n`bjwcn`f Bns~ ^goy o`c Ygrgy|g. o`c ojrd n`|dj|gc

rdbnoj vdyagy n`sgy`r* rbeddj rso kgkigyr* o`c xggyr

N` segny nyrs ~goy* seg Rwbbgrr Kg`sdyr egjxgc

beyd`nbojj~ oirg`s rswcg`sr fon` 6*888 occnsndòjco~r d rbeddj Xnjds rbeddjr vnse Rwbbgrr Kg`sdyr

dwsxgydykgc bdkxoynrd` rbeddjr o`c seg bns~+vncg

o|gyofg* vnse ?6 xgybg`s kdyg rswcg`sr gunsn`f beyd`nb

oirg`bg rsoswr n` gjgkg`soy~ rbeddjr* o`c 96 xgybg`s

kdyg n` enfe rbeddjr Senr xyd|ncgr bd`nykosnd` d

seg nkxdyso`bg d seg Bn|nb Koyreojj Xjo` bojj sd eo|g

d`g rwbbgrr kg`sdy$bdobe dy g|gy~ ?7 sd 98 rswcg`sr

vnse d syoba n`cnbosdyr

Dsegy obgsr d seg @gv ^dya Bns~ xjo` n`bjwcg `gv

gjgbsyd`nb coso+reoyn`f sddjr* gv kdcgjr dy bd``gbsn`f

rbeddjr sd bdkkw`ns~ rgy|nbgr* o bns~vncg Oc Bdw`bnj

ovoyg`grr bokxonf`* o`c `gv ossg`co`bg$g`fofgkg s

rsyosgfngr dy rswcg`sr jn|n`f n` regjsgyr o`c sedrg

ygswy`n`f osgy rwrxg`rnd` dy mw|g`njg cgsg`snd`

O rgbd`c kdcgj* Ossg`co`bg Vdyar* o òsndòj

n`nsnosn|g seos rggar rswcg`s rwbbgrr i~ ygcwbn`f

beyd`nb oirg`bg* ygjgorgc o seygg+cnrsynbs rswc~ n` josg

98?? snsjgc Beyd`nb Gjgkg`soy~ Oirg`sggnrk= O Xydijgk

Enccg` n` Xjon` Rnfes* cgkd`rsyosn`f seos o|gyofg conj~

ossg`co`bg bo` kora xydijgkr vnse beyd`nb oirg`bg

Sd egjx seg kdyg seo` ?


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XyD FyGr r O@ C b e OJJG@ FG n@ kGGsn@ F IG@ b e kOyA r D L se G b n| nb kOyr e OJJ XJO@

rbeddj r~rsgk or vgjj or dsegy bns~ ofg`bngr vdyan`f

vnse `d`xydnsr o`c seg bdkkw`ns~ sd rdj|g Cwyn`f

seg jors ~goy* segyg vor ojrd fydvn`f ygbdf`nsnd`

d edv rsyd`fj~ rbeddj obeng|gkg`s nr ogbsgc i~

rbeddj ossg`co`bg Seg Fgdyfno Rsosg Cgxoyskg`s d

Gcwbosnd` ygjgorgc ygrgoybe redvn`f seos n`bygorn`f

ossg`co`bg i~ mwrs seygg xgybg`s %dy 7 n`rsywbsndòj

co~r d` o syocnsndòj ?58 co~ rbeddj bojg`coy. bdwjc

eo|g jgc sd os jgors ?8*888 kdyg rswcg`sr xorrn`f

seg BYBS Ygocn`f sgrs o`c rdkg 28*888 kdyg

rswcg`sr xorrn`f seg BYBS Kosegkosnbr sgrs Senr

n` swy` xydkxsgc seg Owfwrso `gvrxoxgy sd soag

wx seg bowrg o`c xwijnre cgsonjgc oòj~rgr dy segny

bdkkw`ns~ d seg bd``gbsnd` okd`f ossg`co`bg*

rbeddj obeng|gkg`s* o`c fyocwosnd`

SGOBEGY G\OJWOSND@ O@C RWXXDYS GLLDYSR

Sgobegyr oyg seg kdrs nkxdyso`s rbeddj+iorgc

obsdy n` o benjcr obocgknb obeng|gkg`s6? N`

obs* `goyj~ eoj d cydxdwsr ygxdys seos o komdy

ygord` dy cydxxn`f dws vor seos bjorrgr vgyg

`ds n`sgygrsn`f* o`c kdyg seo` svd+senycr vdwjc

eo|g vdyagc eoycgy n kdyg vgyg cgko`cgc d

segkobsdyr seos sgobegyr bo` bd`sydj69 Vnse

enfe qwojns~ g|ojwosnd`r* rbeddj r~rsgkr bo`

cngyg`snojj~ ygson`* bdkxg`rosg* rwxxdys o`c

syo`rnsnd` sgobegyr n` dycgy sd bygosg o kdyg

ggbsn|g sgoben`f dybg

Ko`~ rsosgr o`c rbeddj r~rsgkr oyg n` seg goyj~

xeorgr d bygosn`f ynfdydwr g|ojwosnd` o`c

sgobegy rwxxdys r~rsgkr* n`bjwcn`f n` Sg``grrgg*

Ag`swba~* Cgjovoyg* o`c Sguor Seg Okgynbo`

Lgcgyosnd` d Sgobegyr N``d|osnd` Lw`c nr

rwxxdysn`f bdjjoidyosn|g* sgobegy+jgc ygdykr*

n`bjwcn`f `gv sgobegy g|ojwosnd` r~rsgkr n` @gv

^dya o`c Yedcg Nrjo`c62

@osndòjj~* seg CB Xwijnb Rbeddjr %CBXR.g|ojwosnd` r~rsgk nr okd`f seg wysegrs

n` nsr cg|gjdxkg`s* `dv n` nsr senyc ~goy d

nkxjgkg`sosnd` Ojsedwfe seg jow`be d seg

r~rsgk vor kgs vnse bd`syd|gyr~* CBXR nr obsn|gj~

reoyn`f nsr jgrrd`r jgoy`gc o`c igrs xyobsnbgr vnse

rsosgr o`c rbeddj r~rsgkr seos oyg cg|gjdxn`f

segny dv` g|ojwosnd` kdcgjr Sd wxcosg seg

sgobegy g|ojwosnd` r~rsgk* CBXR egjc ?88 dbwr

fydwxr n`|dj|n`f ?*888 rsoagedjcgyr %Ldy kdyg

n`dykosnd`* |nrns essx=$$cbfd|$CBXR.

Obydrr seg bdw`sy~63o`c oydw`c seg vdyjc67

rbeddj jgocgyr oyg rsgxxn`f wx o`c yonrn`f segioy dy veos ns kgo`r sd eo|g seg xyn|njgfg d

jgocn`f o bjorryddk @osndòjj~* seydwfe Yobg sd

seg Sdx* o`c vnse seg rwxxdys o`c g`bdwyofgkg`s

d xdjnb~koagyr o`c xyn|osg dw`cosnd`r* segrg

jgocgyr oyg jnàn`f sgobegy qwojns~ sd rswcg`s

obeng|gkg`s* cyn|n`f nkxyd|gkg`s vegyg ns

kossgyr kdrs= n` seg bjorryddk

Ig`bekoya= Gjgkg`soy~ o`c KnccjgRbeddj ^goyr

Grsoijnre Goyj~ Voy`n`f N`cnbosdy o`c N`sgy|g`snd`R~rsgkr seos wrg seg Goyj~ Xygcnbsdyr d Xdsg`snoj

Cydxdws %ossg`co`bg* igeo|ndy* o`c bdwyrg

xgydyko`bg n` ygocn`f o`c kose.

N` seg xors gv ~goyr* Goyj~ Voy`n`f N`cnbosdy o`c

N`sgy|g`snd` R~rsgkr %GVR. eo|g fydv` ydk o

xdvgywj ncgo n`sd o` obsndòijg* enfe+xyndyns~ o`c

ygrgoybe+iorgc ygdyk oygo Ldy sdd jd`f* o joba d

o|onjoijg coso eor ygrwjsgc n` gcwbosdyr knrrn`f ag~

rnf`r d goyj~ beojjg`fgr dy rswcg`sr`ds xyd|ncn`f

Ròxreds

#?6jjd`-

N Voren`fsd` C.B.obeng|gr seg Fyoc @osnd`fdoj d o >8' enfe rbeddjfyocwosnd` yosg dy mwrs orn`fjg enfe rbeddj bjorr*seg cnrsynbs vdwjc jnagj~rgg o` n`bygorg n` nsrFydrr Rsosg Xydcwbs d

kdyg seo`

- Bdwysgr~ dl seg Ojjno`bg ldy Gubgjjg`s Gcwbosnd`
http://dc.gov/DCPShttp://dc.gov/DCPShttp://dc.gov/DCPS


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seg oxxydxynosg n`sgy|g`snd`r sd sedrg ved `ggc

segk seg kdrs Senr bo` knrojjdbosg gcwbosdyr

gdysr o`c xygbndwr gcwbosnd`oj cdjj

Building a Grad Nation 2012

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Transcript of Building a Grad Nation 2012