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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective ………………………………………………………………………………………….......... 3

1.2 Floor Plan ……………………………………………………………………………………………….4-6

2.0 LIGHTING STUDY 2.1 Daylighting Analysis …………………………………………………………........................... 7-8

2.1.1 Medical Herb Store ……………………………………………………………….. 9-10

2.1.2 Therapy Room ……………………………………………………………………. 11-12

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis + PSALI

2.2.1 Medical Herb Store ………………………………………………………………. 13-18

2.2.2 Therapy Room ……………………………………………………………………. 19-23

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE

This project aims to integrate students' understanding of the principles of lighting design in

the context their final design project of studio 04 / 05. From this project, we are able to show

understanding of artificial lighting and daylighting strategies (PSALI) in our final design.

Besides, we are able to solve design problems in relation to sustainability issues (natural

lighting, site analysis) and design spaces incorporating artificial and daylighting (when

necessary).

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1.2 FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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SECOND FLOOR PLAN

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2.0 LIGHTING

2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis

Where,

Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane

Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average day light level in Malaysia (EH) is

assumed to be 20000 lux

A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground.

According to MS1525, Day Light Factor distribution as below:

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example 120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux Bright sunlight

20,000 lux Shaded illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000-200 lux Typical overcast day, midday

< 200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

400 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day

40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise

< 1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/ sunrise

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ROOM ILLUMINATION LEVEL

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2.1.1 Medical Herb Store

Ground Floor Plan

The selected Medical Herb Store area is located at the ground floor, which strategically placed at the front

perimeter of the building. The space are fully exposed during the daytime due to no obstruction is blocking

the sunlight.

Floor Area (𝑚2) 75.05 𝒎𝟐

Area of opening exposed to sunlight (𝑚2) Perimeter: 7.6m+ 4.5m =12.1m Height: 3m

Area: 22.8𝑚2 + 13.5𝑚2 =36.5𝒎𝟐

Daylight Factor, DF =36.5𝑚2

75.05 𝑚2 x 100%

= 48.63% x 0.1 = 4.86%

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Given that Eo = 20000 lux

DF = 𝐸𝑖

𝐸𝑜 x 100%

4.86% = 𝐸𝑖

20000 x 100%

𝐸𝑖 = 972 lux

CONTOUR DIAGRAM OF DAYLIGHT FACTOR

Conclusion:

The selected Medical Herb Store area has a daylight factor of 4.86% and natural illumination

of 972 lux. Based on the recommendation of MS 1525, a conventional shop should maintain

the illuminance in between 200 lux to 750 lux, so the medical herb store area is brightly lit by

daylight as the value exceeds the standard but the daylight factor calculated (4.86%) is

maintained in between 3 – 5%, which mean the distribution of light is considered good in the

medial herb store area.

2.1.2 Therapy Room

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First Floor Plan

The selected Therapy is located at the first floor, which also strategically placed at the back perimeter of

the building. The windows of the space are facing to north direction. The space are fully exposed to direct

sunlight during the daytime due to no obstruction is blocking the sunlight.

Floor Area (𝑚2) 39 𝒎𝟐

Area of opening exposed to sunlight (𝑚2) Perimeter: 1m+ 1m+ 1m+ 1m+1m =5m Height: 4m

Area: 20𝒎𝟐

Daylight Factor, DF =20𝑚2

39 𝑚2 x 100%

= 51.28% x 0.1 = 5.13%

Given that Eo = 20000 lux

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DF = 𝐸𝑖

𝐸𝑜 x 100%

5.13% = 𝐸𝑖

20000 x 100%

𝐸𝑖 = 1026 lux

CONTOUR DIAGRAM OF DAYLIGHT FACTOR

Conclusion:

The selected Therapy area has a daylight factor of 5.13% and natural illumination of 1026 lux.

Based on the recommendation of MS 1525, a livingroom should maintain the illuminance in

between 100 lux, and the daylight factor should maintain between 1 – 3%. Both of the values

are exceeded the standard value and severely expose to the sunlight. The result of exceeding

the recommended standard value will cause thermal discomfort and glare to the occupants.

Hence, the perimeter wall with windows which exposed to the sunlight is redesigned with

operable louvered window which allow to manually reduce sunlight due to the north facing

direct sunlight issue and maximize natural lighting when needed.

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2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS + PSALI

2.2.1 Medical Herb Store

Ground Floor Plan

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Fixture Properties

Type of fixture LED Downlight

Product brand & Code USAI. BLSD5

Wattage 16W

Lumens 1475 lm

Color Rendering Index 80

Color Temperature 3000k

Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of room (L x W) 7.9m x 9.5m

Floor Area (A) 75.05𝑚2

Height of Ceiling (m) 3m

Lumen (lux) 1475 lm

Height of Luminaire (m) 3m

Height of Work Level (m) 0.8m

Mounting Height (Hm) 2.2m

Reflection Factor Ceiling : 0.7 Wall : 0.5 Floor : 0.2

Standard Illumination

required according to MS1525

750 lux

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Room Index/ RI (K)

(𝑳 𝒙 𝑾)

(𝑳 + 𝑾) 𝒙 𝒉𝒎)

(7.9𝑚 𝑥 9.5𝑚)

(7.9𝑚 + 9.5𝑚) 𝑥 2.2𝑚)

=2.2 Utilization Factor (UF) 0.6 (based on the utilization factor table)

Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)

Number of lamp required

N =𝐸 𝑥 𝐴

𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹

N =750 𝑥 75.05𝑚2

1475 𝑙𝑚 𝑥 0.6 𝑥 0.8

= 18.32 = 18 bulbs

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR = 1

𝐻𝑚√

𝐴

𝑁

SHR = 1

2.2𝑚√

75.05𝑚2

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= 0.93

SHR = 𝑆

2.2𝑚 = 0.93

S = 2.046 ≈ 2m

Fitting Layout Fitting Required along 9.5m and 7.9m wall 9.5𝑚

2𝑚 = 4.75

7.9𝑚

2𝑚 = 3.95

≈ 5 rows ≈ 4 rows

Therefore, 5 x 4= 20 bulbs (more than 18 bulbs)

To achieved the recommended MS 1525 Conventional Shop Illumination Level of 750lux x- spacing required for 7.9m wall is 7.9/4 = 1.975m y- spacing required for 9.5m wall is 9.5/5 = 1.9m

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LIGHT FITTING LAYOUT

Proposed luminaires fitting layout

In conclusion, the medical herb store is arranged with 5 rows of 4 LED downlight with the x-

spacing of 1.975m and y-spacing of 1.9m (one of the row is adding with extra one LED

downlight due to the space designed) to achieve the requirement of 750 lux in the space as

stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, it allow the user to have a good

visual quality while purchasing goods.

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PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Of Interior)

Proposed reflected ceiling plan with switch arrangement

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Light contour diagram from artificial light analysis

CONCLUSION

Based on the calculation and light contour analysis. There are total 21 light fittings in the

medical herb store which controlled by using two switches. Switch 1 control the first two row

of light fitting (total 8 luminaires) which located at the front part of the space. Switch 2

controlled the following three row of light fittings (total 13 luminaires). Reason being is the

medial herb store will receive a enough daylight distribution of 4.86% during the day from the

glass window faç ade, so the switch 1 which control the light fitting located at the front part of

the space can be switch off during the period of time to save the electric cost and energy

wasted, but the switch 2 need to remain open during day and night to provide sufficient lighting.

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2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS + PSALI

2.2.2 Therapy Room

First Floor Plan

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Fixture Properties

Type of fixture LED ROUND CEILING MOUNT LIGHT

Product brand & Code Pegasus. FM-4610

Diameter (inch) 10

Input Voltage 120V

Wattage 12.5W

Lumens 964

Color Rendering Index 90

Color Temperature 2700k

Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of room (L x W) 9.7m x 3.7m

Floor Area (A) 35.89𝑚2

Height of Ceiling (m) 4m

Lumen (lux) 964 lm

Height of Luminaire (m) 4m

Height of Work Level (m) 0.8m

Mounting Height (Hm) 3.2m

Reflection Factor Ceiling : 0.7 Wall : 0.5 Floor : 0.2

Standard Illumination

required according to MS1525

100 lux

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Room Index/ RI (K)

(𝑳 𝒙 𝑾)

(𝑳 + 𝑾) 𝒙 𝒉𝒎)

(9.7𝑚 𝑥 3.7𝑚)

(9.7𝑚 + 3.7𝑚) 𝑥 3.2𝑚)

=0.84 Utilization Factor (UF) 0.43 (based on the utilization factor table)

Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)

Number of lamp required

N =𝐸 𝑥 𝐴

𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹

N =100 𝑥 35.89𝑚2

964 𝑙𝑚 𝑥 0.43 𝑥 0.8

= 10.42 = 10 bulbs

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR = 1

𝐻𝑚√

𝐴

𝑁

SHR = 1

3.2𝑚√

35.89𝑚2

10

= 0.59

SHR = 𝑆

3.2𝑚 = 0.59

S = 1.888 = 1.89m

Fitting Layout Fitting Required along 9.7m and 3.7m wall 9.7𝑚

1.89𝑚 = 5.13

3.7𝑚

1.89𝑚 = 1.96

≈ 5 rows ≈ 2 rows

Therefore, 5 x 2= 10 bulbs ( Need more than 10 bulbs)

To achieved the recommended MS 1525 Living Room Illumination Level of 100 lux x- spacing required for 9.7m wall is 9.7/5 = 1.94m y- spacing required for 3.7m wall is 3.7/2 = 1.85m

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LIGHT FITTING LAYOUT

Proposed luminaires fitting layout

In conclusion, the therapy room is arranged with 2 rows of 5 LED ceiling mount light with the

x-spacing of 1.94m and y-spacing of 1.85m to achieve the requirement of 100 lux in the space

as stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, it allow the occupants to have

a comfortable visual quality and thermal comfort in the therapy room.

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PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Of Interior)

Proposed reflected ceiling plan with switch arrangement

Light contour diagram from artificial light analysis

CONCLUSION

Based on the calculation and light contour analysis. There are total 10 light fittings in the

therapy room which controlled by using 6 switches. Switch 1 control the first row of light fitting

(total 5 luminaires) which located at the walkway of the therapy room. Switch 2-6 are control

each luminaire individually. Reason being is the therapy room will receive excessive daylight

distribution of 5.13% during the day from the glass window faç ade, so the switch 1 which

control the light fitting at the front row can be switch off during the period of time to prevent

excessive daylighting. The indivual switch 2-6 are designed based on the space requirement

which allow the occupants to switch on and off based on their need accordingly.