Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC.
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Transcript of Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC.
Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth
Presented by
Ken Dozier
USC ETTC
Technology TransferNASA Mission: Transfer
technology developed in the space program to the private sector,Across all 50 StatesSpecial focus on SME
Technology in Space Industry should be a technological windfall to the U.S. economy
Windfall - unexpected gain, blessing, unsolicited advantage, serendipity, stroke of luck, pleasant surprise, godsend, boon, bonanza
High Definition ImagingNASA has used high definition cameras to record launches and
mission in space for many yearsSpace Shuttle “Discovery”Footage was recorded using
1920 x 1080 HD VCThe data was compressed
using Microsoft’s Media Player 9
The projector is being driven by a PC not a HD video deck Shuttle/Earth footage
1970’s : CAD/CAM (DoD /Aerospace)Development Costs – Millions $$$
1970’s : Digital Sensors in Space (NASA) Development Costs - Millions $$$
1970’s : Digital Image Processing (DoD / NASA)Development Costs - Millions $$$
Technology Transfer
1980’s: CCD Sensor ChipsCompetitively Priced Professional Digital CamerasDigital Video Tape RecordersBroadcast Industry - Linear edit bay
- cost $2 million1980’s – Graphic CAD/CAM Workstations
cost $75,000Market Broadens Entertainment Begins to Experiment
Technology Transfer
1990’s: High Definition Digital Video developed for Broadcast industry Factor of 5 increase in data size High Definition Linear edit bay cost $2 million(Controversy) Recorded on 35mm viewed side by side
Technology Transfer
1990’s:
Standard Definition Non Linear Editing - cost $100,000 Computer Disks allow Random Access Flushing out of the Post Houses
Price Point Breakthrough !
Technology Transfer
2003: HD camcorder developed for Consumers, - cost $4000
2003: PC based HD Non Linear Editing systems Free software bundled with PC or with camera
2003: PC HD edit offline, process images - cost $2000
2003: Million Dollar Space Sensors in the hands of Digital Cinema Artists
Technology Transfer
Benefit of Digital Technology to Cinema Artists
It is about the story, not about the production or distribution costs
Niche Stories can compete with the 12 year old Friday night market.
Digital Media Incubator studios become possible.
Formula for Success
Media Incubators provide facilities that will allow new artists initial commercial exposure (Roger Corman would be proud)
Provide access to Mentoring Use of latest Professional TechnologiesNetworked Incubators Creates New Digital
Distribution Network and Access to markets
A New Paradigm - Economical Technologies
Digital Camera for AcquisitionImmediate feedback for everyoneImmediate editing, color correction, immediate post
Computer(s) StorageServer FarmsOn line conform, color correction, effects, format conversionMastering
Digital Projection Screening RoomNo tape or film
“A” List – Incubator Gear (Cost $600,000+)
Camera: Thompson Viper Camera 1080p (1920 x 1080p)
Output: 4:4:4 10-bit log dpx format Capture: Directors FriendPost Production: Computer –
Thompson Spectra or Discreet Inferno
Image courtesy of Thompson Grass Valley
Image courtesy of Discreet
Camera: Sony (1920 x1080p) 24fps 4:2:2
Capture: Computer - BoxxEditing: Computer – Boxx
Image courtesy of Sony Corporation
Image courtesy of Boxx Technologies
Broadcast - Commercials (Cost $200,000)
Price Point Breakthrough !
Next Sundance: Distribution Quality (Cost $100,000)
Camera: Panasonic Variframe (1280 x 720p) 24fps 4:2:2
Capture: Apple ComputerEditing: Apple Computer
Image courtesy of Panasonic
Image courtesy of Apple Computers
Camera: JVC Pro (1280 x 720) 30i fps 4:1:1
Capture: DV TapeEditing: Any PC Computer
Consumer Quality (Cost $6,000)
Image courtesy of JVC
Image courtesy of FujiImage courtesy of Dell Computers
Used for Star Wars: Episode II animatics
Cinema Master Workflow
Source: “A Data-Centric Approach to Cinema Mastering” Thomas J. True, SGI
eFilm Configuration
Source: “Digital Infrastructure Solution for Production” J. Farney, SGI
Imagica Film Scanners
Visual EffectsOptical HouseTitling House
CXFS SAN52 TB TP4900
Brocade Switches
Laser Film Output
ELab Real-timeColoring Timing and
Dust-bustingSGI Onyx 3400
MultiversionRendering
SGI Origin 300
DLP ProjectionScreening Theater
Edit RenderingSGI Origin 300
Backup ServerSGI Origin 300
ELab Real-timeFilm Stock Emulation
SGI Onyx 3400
HDVTR
D-BetaNTSC
D-BetaPAL
OtherVTR
OtherVTR
DA-88 DA-88 DA-88 DAT DAT
I/O PC ArrayPC
ArrayPC
ArrayPC
ArrayPC
Serial Digital Interface External
Audio
PC Array
Digital Audio
Gigabit Network
RAID RAID RAID RAID RAID
Incubator Digital Post
Schematic Layout
Incubation Opens the Door to Opportunity
Eliminates the cost of answer prints for “First Screenings”
Low cost technology lets SMEs get into the business
Access to Technology Transfer provides Windfall Opportunities for Local Economic Development
Shot 1920 x 1080 Boom mounted Sony F900 camera
allowed close moves. One day of shooting (4 hours of
material) Cameraman used HD Monitor not
Eyepiece.Tiny Projector 1024 x 768
HD projector 1280 x 1024
Pasadena-clip-1
Pasadena-clip-2
HDTV Title“Pasadena”
Adobe Premiere using proxy images
Down sampled to 480 x 240 images for editing on ordinary PC
Time Code was not used or needed
HDTV Title“Pasadena”
Full 1920 x 1080 resolution HD conformed on a PC
Finished HD playback 1280 x 720.
Pasadena-clip
HDTV Title“Pasadena”
NASA Technology
Millions $$ in Government funded R&DSpecial programs for SMEsAvailable for Licensing and
Commercial DevelopmentHelp in accessing information
is available through USC’s Engineering Technology Transfer Center
See the web page at http://www.usc.edu/go/TTC
PROBLEM ADDRESSED Evaluation of visual quality of digital video (HDTV)
TECHNICAL APPROACH A computationally efficient metric based on human visual processing: (1) Comparison of one or more selected features (image frames, color channels, rows of blocks, columns of blocks, horizontal spatial frequencies, or vertical spatial frequencies) of processed digital sequences of the image under evaluation and a reference image: (2) Processing consisting of sampling, cropping, and color transformations, blocking, acceleration of spatial filtering by taking discrete cosine transforms, temporal filtering and normalization to visual thresholds
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Any digital display, e.g. HDTV
BENEFITS (1) Quantitative assessment of display quality that incorporates properties or human visual processing, (i.e., dynamic adaptation to changing brightness, luminance, and chromatic channels, spatial and temporal filtering, spatial frequency channels, dynamic contrast masking, and summation of probabilities); (2) Requires only modest computational resources to compute metrics in real time
DVQ Digital Video Quality
Sampling, Cropping andColor Transformations
BlockingDiscrete Cosine
TransformTransformation to
Local Contrast
TemporalFiltering
Transformation To Contrast Sensitivity Functions
ContrastMasking
PoolingConversion
To a Measure of Visual Quality
Reference Image SequenceTest Image Sequence
PROBLEM ADDRESSED Facilitation of information retrieval from large databases
TECHNICAL APPROACH A method and software for advanced information retrieval, consisting of organizing and ranking data by contextual relationships
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Data mining (text, music, genetic code, etc.), knowledge management
BENEFITS (1) Increase in information retrieval rates and probability of successful retrieval
PERILOGCONTEXTUAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
PROBLEM ADDRESSED Numerical measure of the perceptual intensity and difference of an image
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Photometric instruments, copiers, video codecs, displays, graphics software, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems
BENEFITS (1) Allows quantitative assessment of the goodness of a single image or comparison of two images
Spatial Standard Observer
Spatial Standard Algorithm
Difference?
DCTune
PROBLEM ADDRESSED: Improvement of digital image compression
TECHNICAL APPROACH: Discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression of image; customized quantization matrix to image, using:(1) Luminance masking(2) Contrast masking (3) Error pooling(4) Entropy coding
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Internet multimedia, cable TV, HDTV, motion picture transmission & archival, still or motion picture editing, digital copiers & scanners, digital facsimile machines, digital still-and video-cameras
BENEFITS Minimum perceptual error for any bit rate, or minimum bit rate for a given perceptual error can be used as add-on SW module to existing imaging workstations
Images courtesy of NASA Ames Vision group
Original Optimized
VISARVideo Image Stabilization and Registration
PROBLEM ADDRESSED: VISAR is a computer algorithm that corrects for zoom, tilt, and jitter
TECHNICAL APPROACH: By combining several video images together, noise can be averaged out among the frames and the video frames can be centered on the screen.
BENEFITS:(1) Stabilize, sharpen, and brighten image sequences and stills(2) Steadying and reducing the noise in the images, brings out a wealth of information, revealing new, previously obscured details
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Surveillance, crime scene footage, sting operations, and dash-mounted video cameras, Security, video feed from aircraft, target identification and confirmation, training, and event reconstruction
Images courtesy of NASA Ames Vision group
Step Into Liquid
Step clip
88 Minute Feature - Shot using: HD, 35mm, 16mm, Digital Video
Will be screened at Tommy Bahama Celestial Cinema on June 12th -- 8pm.
Trailer courtesy of Tim Harader, Microsoft Corp.
Brought to you by
The NASA Far West Regional Technology Transfer Center
http://www.usc.edu/go/TTC
In affiliation with:
http://www.wrjgroup.com
Special Thanks to:
Jim Steele
Digital Cinema Solutions