Brief History of Shanghai and Its Brief History of Shanghai and Its NeighborhoodNeighborhood

Basic facts of Shanghai: Basic facts of Shanghai: Area: Area: 6340.5 Square km, 0.06% of China6340.5 Square km, 0.06% of China

PopulationPopulation (2010): 22.20 (2010): 22.20 millionmillion including including 14.12 14.12 million permanent residents million permanent residents

GDPGDP : (2009) 1.4900 trillion Yuan RMB : (2009) 1.4900 trillion Yuan RMB (2010) 1.6872 trillion Yuan RMB, an (2010) 1.6872 trillion Yuan RMB, an

increase of increase of 9.9%9.9% 。 。 (2010) National GDP 39.7 Trillion Yuan RMB (2010) National GDP 39.7 Trillion Yuan RMB

(6.04 trillion US$ National average increase (6.04 trillion US$ National average increase 8.7%8.7%

(2010) National GDP per capita: $4,394 USD; (2010) National GDP per capita: $4,394 USD; purchasing power parity: $7,539 USDpurchasing power parity: $7,539 USD （（ IMF IMF StatisticsStatistics ））

Primary industryPrimary industry: : 11.41511.415 billion Yuan (2010)billion Yuan (2010) an decrease of 6.6% over the previous an decrease of 6.6% over the previous

year year

Secondary industrySecondary industry: : 713.9713.9 billion Yuan (2010)billion Yuan (2010)

an increase of an increase of 16.816.8 % %

Third industryThird industry: : 961.831961.831 billion Yuan (2010) billion Yuan (2010) an increase of 5%an increase of 5% accounting for accounting for 57.01%57.01% of the of the

totaltotal . . 59.459.4 %% (2009) (2009)

Jiangsu Province:Jiangsu Province: Area:Area: 102,600 square km 102,600 square km Population:Population: (2010) 78.65 million (2010) 78.65 million GDP:GDP: (2010) 4.0903 Trillion Yuan (2010) 4.0903 Trillion Yuan

RMB, an RMB, an increase of increase of 13.5%13.5% ，， GDP per GDP per capita $ 7700 US.capita $ 7700 US.

Zhejiang Province:Zhejiang Province: Area:Area: 101,800 square km 101,800 square km Population: Population: (2010) 54.42 million (2010) 54.42 million GDP:GDP: (2010) 2.7100Trillion Yuan (2010) 2.7100Trillion Yuan

RMB, an increase of 11.8 %.RMB, an increase of 11.8 %.

Taiwan: Population: 23.16 millionTaiwan: Population: 23.16 million 2010 GDP $430.45 billion USD , 2010 GDP $430.45 billion USD ,

2.7976 Trillion Yuan RMB 2.7976 Trillion Yuan RMB GDP per capita: $ 18,603 GDP per capita: $ 18,603

USDUSD 20102010 年 年 GDP per capita USDGDP per capita USD Macau 49745 Macau 49745 Hongkong 31591 Hongkong 31591 Taiwan 18458Taiwan 18458 Shanghai 10957 Jiangsu 7683 Shanghai 10957 Jiangsu 7683 Zhejiang 7394 Zhejiang 7394

24. 8%

35. 6%

7. 8%

11. 5%7. 9%

10. 7%

1. 7%

Shanghai was a primitive village 6,000 Shanghai was a primitive village 6,000 years ago.years ago.

The city is called in Chinese The city is called in Chinese ““HuHu”” ( ( 沪沪 ) ) for short and for short and ““ShenShen””(( 申申 ) as a nickname. ) as a nickname. About 6,000 years ago, the western part About 6,000 years ago, the western part of today's Shanghai dried up into land of today's Shanghai dried up into land and its eastern part became a piece of and its eastern part became a piece of land about 2,000 years ago. land about 2,000 years ago.

During the Spring-Autumn and Warring During the Spring-Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-221 BC), this area States Periods (770-221 BC), this area was once the fief of Huang Xie, the was once the fief of Huang Xie, the Chun Shen Governor of the State of Chun Shen Governor of the State of Chu. So, Chu. So, ““ 申申”” ((Shen)Shen) comes from the comes from the title of the governor. title of the governor.

During the Jin Dynasty (4th-5th During the Jin Dynasty (4th-5th centuries), fishermen living along the centuries), fishermen living along the Songjiang River (todaySongjiang River (today‘‘s Suzhou Creek) s Suzhou Creek) and the coast of the East China Sea and the coast of the East China Sea created a created a fishing toolfishing tool called ( called ( 扈 扈 ). ).

By combining the name of the By combining the name of the fishing tool and the then term fishing tool and the then term for estuary of big rivers(for estuary of big rivers( 渎 渎 ), ), they coined a Chinese character they coined a Chinese character "Hu" ("Hu" ( 沪沪 ) to name the place as ) to name the place as it sits at the mouth of the it sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River, the longest river Yangtze River, the longest river in China. in China.

Although neighboring cities like Although neighboring cities like NanjingNanjing, , SuzhouSuzhou, and , and HangzhowHangzhow figure spaciously in the chronicles figure spaciously in the chronicles of ancient China, Shanghai is very of ancient China, Shanghai is very rarely mentioned. It undoubtedly rarely mentioned. It undoubtedly formed part of the Kingdom of Wu formed part of the Kingdom of Wu (B.C. 513), a great feudal state that (B.C. 513), a great feudal state that embraced the modern province of embraced the modern province of Jiangsu, in which Shanghai is Jiangsu, in which Shanghai is situated, but its connection is not situated, but its connection is not recorded. recorded.

The earliest reference to what is now The earliest reference to what is now Shanghai is placed at approximately Shanghai is placed at approximately B.C. 200B.C. 200, when it was called "liu-tuh" , when it was called "liu-tuh" and known as a fishing station. and known as a fishing station.

Huating (Huating ( 华亭华亭 )County was established )County was established in 710 AD in the western part of in 710 AD in the western part of Shanghai. Shanghai.

The name The name 上海 上海 (Shanghai) first (Shanghai) first appeared appeared in 1077 ADin 1077 AD on the store name on the store name of a winery in what is today the of a winery in what is today the Nanshi Nanshi districtdistrict of Shanghai. Its name literally of Shanghai. Its name literally meaning meaning ‘‘by the sea'.by the sea'.

Shanghai County was set up in 1291, Shanghai County was set up in 1291, with its county seat near the with its county seat near the Huangpu River.Huangpu River.

The cityThe city’’s ancestors obtained their s ancestors obtained their goods by plowing in the spring and goods by plowing in the spring and harvesting in the autumn and harvesting in the autumn and developed agriculture and trade by developed agriculture and trade by shipping through the river and sea.shipping through the river and sea.

After the middle of After the middle of Emperor Emperor KangxiKangxi’’ss reign (1662-1722) in the reign (1662-1722) in the Qing DynastyQing Dynasty, the ban on maritime , the ban on maritime trade and intercourse with foreign trade and intercourse with foreign countries was gradually lifted, thus countries was gradually lifted, thus enabling Shanghaienabling Shanghai’’s geographical s geographical advantage in controlling both the advantage in controlling both the river and the sea to be brought into river and the sea to be brought into full play.full play.

After KangxiAfter Kangxi’’s reign) Shanghai developed s reign) Shanghai developed into a prosperous town and became into a prosperous town and became known as the known as the ““Great Town in the Great Town in the SoutheastSoutheast””..

The cotton textile industry and large junk The cotton textile industry and large junk transportation became Shanghaitransportation became Shanghai’’s main s main business. business.

The old city housed a prosperous The old city housed a prosperous commercial centre with a developed commercial centre with a developed culture. As the old saying goes culture. As the old saying goes ““ 一城烟火半一城烟火半东南东南”” ((half of southeastern China was half of southeastern China was illuminated with the fire works set off illuminated with the fire works set off in Shanghaiin Shanghai). ).

Until Until 18421842, China and Britain remained in , China and Britain remained in bitter conflict, as Britain smuggled opium bitter conflict, as Britain smuggled opium into China. While Britain made a financial into China. While Britain made a financial killing, thousands of Chinese became killing, thousands of Chinese became addicted---leading to social decay and addicted---leading to social decay and degradation, much to the concern of the degradation, much to the concern of the Qing Dynasty rulers. Qing Dynasty rulers.

China responded by dumping British China responded by dumping British opium into the sea near Hong Kong, which opium into the sea near Hong Kong, which subsequently set off two opium wars subsequently set off two opium wars between the two nations. At the between the two nations. At the conclusion, a humiliated China admitted conclusion, a humiliated China admitted defeat to the better-equipped British defeat to the better-equipped British armies. armies.

As part of Britain's terms, China gave As part of Britain's terms, China gave up its sovereignty to Hong Kong and up its sovereignty to Hong Kong and other advantageous treaty ports--other advantageous treaty ports--Shanghai being one of them. Shanghai being one of them.

Other Western powers soon joined Other Western powers soon joined Britain to lay claim on the precious Britain to lay claim on the precious land.land.

After the war, Britain declared After the war, Britain declared Shanghai a treaty port, and the sleepy Shanghai a treaty port, and the sleepy village suddenly transformed into a city village suddenly transformed into a city with many foreign influences. with many foreign influences.

The British, the French and the The British, the French and the Americans took up autonomous Americans took up autonomous concession zones in the city, each of concession zones in the city, each of which was independent of Chinese law. which was independent of Chinese law.

All three brought their own colonial All three brought their own colonial influences to the city, which can still be influences to the city, which can still be seen today in the European architecture seen today in the European architecture of the buildings on The Bund and in the of the buildings on The Bund and in the Old French Concession area. Old French Concession area.

Huaihai Road used to be the Huaihai Road used to be the French Concession area is now a French Concession area is now a chicchic section of the city and a section of the city and a famous shopping street. It is home famous shopping street. It is home of numerous brand name shops, of numerous brand name shops, cafes and boutiques. Many of the cafes and boutiques. Many of the old buildings are unfortunately old buildings are unfortunately being torn down in favor of glossy being torn down in favor of glossy department stores and high-rises.department stores and high-rises.

Asia BuildingAsia Building (No. 1, The Bund), (No. 1, The Bund), originally the McBain Building, housed originally the McBain Building, housed the Shanghai offices of Royal Dutch the Shanghai offices of Royal Dutch Shell and Asiatic Petroleum Company. Shell and Asiatic Petroleum Company.

Shanghai ClubShanghai Club (No. 2, The Bund), (No. 2, The Bund), which was the principal social club for which was the principal social club for British nationals in Shanghai. British nationals in Shanghai.

Union BuildingUnion Building (No. 3, The Bund), (No. 3, The Bund), housed a number of insurance housed a number of insurance companies. companies.

The Mercantile Bank of India, The Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China BuildingLondon, and China Building (No. (No. 4, The Bund), housed the Mercantile 4, The Bund), housed the Mercantile Bank of India, London and China, Bank of India, London and China, built between 1916-1918. built between 1916-1918.

Nissin BuildingNissin Building (No. 5, The Bund), (No. 5, The Bund), housed a Japanese shipping housed a Japanese shipping company. company.

China Merchants Bank BuildingChina Merchants Bank Building (No. 6, The Bund), housed the first (No. 6, The Bund), housed the first Chinese-owned bank in China. Chinese-owned bank in China.

The Great Northern Telegraph The Great Northern Telegraph Corporation BuildingCorporation Building (No. 7, The (No. 7, The Bund), housed The Great Northern Bund), housed The Great Northern Telegraph Company. Site of the first Telegraph Company. Site of the first telephone switch in Shanghai in telephone switch in Shanghai in 1882. 1882.

Russel & Co. BuildingRussel & Co. Building (No. 9, The (No. 9, The Bund), now houses the China Bund), now houses the China Shipping Merchant Company. Shipping Merchant Company.

The HSBC BuildingThe HSBC Building (No. 12, The (No. 12, The Bund), now used by the Shanghai Bund), now used by the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, was once Pudong Development Bank, was once the Shanghai headquarters of the the Shanghai headquarters of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which failed to reach a Corporation, which failed to reach a deal with the Shanghai government deal with the Shanghai government to buy the building again in the to buy the building again in the 1990s, when the Shanghai 1990s, when the Shanghai government moved out of the building government moved out of the building that they had used since the 1950s. that they had used since the 1950s.

The present building was completed The present building was completed in 1923. At the time, it was called in 1923. At the time, it was called "the most luxurious building "the most luxurious building between the Suez Canal and the between the Suez Canal and the Bering Strait". Its famous ceiling Bering Strait". Its famous ceiling mosaics have been fully restored, mosaics have been fully restored, and can be viewed inside the and can be viewed inside the entrance hall. entrance hall.

The Customs HouseThe Customs House (No. 13, The (No. 13, The Bund), was built in 1927 on the site Bund), was built in 1927 on the site of an earlier, traditional Chinese-of an earlier, traditional Chinese-style customs house. The clock and style customs house. The clock and bell was built in England and in bell was built in England and in imitation of Big Ben. imitation of Big Ben.

Fifty-two buildings lining the narrow Fifty-two buildings lining the narrow shoreline of the Huangpu River offer shoreline of the Huangpu River offer a living exhibition of a living exhibition of Gothic, Gothic, Baroque, Roman, Classic Revival and Baroque, Roman, Classic Revival and Renaissance architectural styles, as Renaissance architectural styles, as well as combinations of Chinese and well as combinations of Chinese and Western styles.Western styles.

They are also a condensation of the They are also a condensation of the recent history of the city. recent history of the city.

The wide embankment offers ample The wide embankment offers ample room for strolling and is used by room for strolling and is used by locals for morning exercises and locals for morning exercises and evening gatherings. In the evening, evening gatherings. In the evening, colorful lights illuminate the area colorful lights illuminate the area and create a shimmering image and create a shimmering image deserving of the name Pearl of the deserving of the name Pearl of the Orient. Orient.

Shanghai quickly became Shanghai quickly became an important an important industrial center and trading port in industrial center and trading port in ChinaChina, drawing hundreds of people to , drawing hundreds of people to the city. Those proved prosperous the city. Those proved prosperous times, and Shanghai gained a times, and Shanghai gained a reputation for being reputation for being one of the world's one of the world's most cultured and sophisticated citiesmost cultured and sophisticated cities. .

The rich got richer and the poor The rich got richer and the poor poorer, and many local Chinese lived poorer, and many local Chinese lived in absolute squalor and poverty. With in absolute squalor and poverty. With weak and corrupt Chinese rule and weak and corrupt Chinese rule and rampant exploitation by foreigners, rampant exploitation by foreigners, rebellion and revolt became inevitable.rebellion and revolt became inevitable.

This grew roots when the Nationalist This grew roots when the Nationalist Party overthrew the declining Qing Party overthrew the declining Qing Dynasty and declared a new Dynasty and declared a new Republic of China with Mr. Sun Yat-Republic of China with Mr. Sun Yat-sen as president in 1911. sen as president in 1911.

Marxism soon became a popular Marxism soon became a popular ideology among Chinese ideology among Chinese intellectuals, and in 1921, they intellectuals, and in 1921, they formed the Communist Party in formed the Communist Party in Shanghai. Shanghai.

Among the party's members was a young Among the party's members was a young Mao Ze DongMao Ze Dong. The Communist Party and . The Communist Party and the Nationalists initially formed an uneasy the Nationalists initially formed an uneasy alliance to reunify China under its own alliance to reunify China under its own sovereignty, but Shanghai had to weather sovereignty, but Shanghai had to weather another invasion by the Japanese during another invasion by the Japanese during World War II. World War II.

Japanese invasion of Shanghai began on Japanese invasion of Shanghai began on August 13, 1937August 13, 1937 and lasted until Nov. and lasted until Nov. 12. The Japanese army put in 9 divisions, 12. The Japanese army put in 9 divisions, altogether 220,000 soldiers and the altogether 220,000 soldiers and the Chinese army put in 70 divisions with Chinese army put in 70 divisions with 700,000 soldiers700,000 soldiers..

On May 27, 1949 Shanghai was On May 27, 1949 Shanghai was liberated from the Kuomintang rule. At liberated from the Kuomintang rule. At that time the citythat time the city’’s population was only s population was only 5.2 million5.2 million. However, by the end of . However, by the end of 2000, Shanghai's population had grown 2000, Shanghai's population had grown to 13.2163 million (according to the to 13.2163 million (according to the permanent residence registration), permanent residence registration), representing 1% of China's total. The representing 1% of China's total. The figure was 2.5 times of that registered figure was 2.5 times of that registered before 1949. before 1949.

By the end of 2002, the city had a total By the end of 2002, the city had a total population of 16.74 million (including population of 16.74 million (including the migrant population).the migrant population).  

As one of the four municipalities in As one of the four municipalities in China, Shanghai is an politically China, Shanghai is an politically important city in China. since in China.important city in China. since in China.

The Party Secretary of the city is The Party Secretary of the city is always a member of the political always a member of the political bureau of the CPC central committee. bureau of the CPC central committee. Other political bureau members from Other political bureau members from municipalities and provinces are from municipalities and provinces are from Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Hubei and Xinjiang.Chongqing, Hubei and Xinjiang.

Political SignificancePolitical Significance

Economic SignificanceEconomic Significance

According to Shanghai Foreign Trade According to Shanghai Foreign Trade CommissionCommission’’s statistics, nearly half of s statistics, nearly half of the fortune 500 enterprises have the fortune 500 enterprises have invested in the city.invested in the city.

Large foreign funded project with an Large foreign funded project with an investment exceeding 10 million Yuan investment exceeding 10 million Yuan account for 70 % of the total contracted account for 70 % of the total contracted investment. investment.

According to www.people.com.cn by July According to www.people.com.cn by July 15 this year, 15 this year, 281 281 regional headquarters regional headquarters of multinational corporations. There are of multinational corporations. There are 203203 investment type companies and investment type companies and 311311

R & D centers in Shanghai.R & D centers in Shanghai.

ChinaChina’’s foreign trade in 2009 was s foreign trade in 2009 was worth of 2.20727 trillion dollar U.S., worth of 2.20727 trillion dollar U.S., a drop of 13.9% over the previous a drop of 13.9% over the previous year.year.

ShanghaiShanghai’’s FDIs FDI contracted total: contracted total: 10.538 billion dollars US. 10.538 billion dollars US.

ShanghaiShanghai’’s Main s Main IndustriesIndustries

Electronics, iron and steel, Electronics, iron and steel, automobile, petrochemical, power automobile, petrochemical, power equipment, shipbuilding, equipment, shipbuilding, pharmaceuticals and service sectors. pharmaceuticals and service sectors.

Service sectors include tourism, Service sectors include tourism, exhibition, retailing business, various exhibition, retailing business, various consulting (legal, accounting, etc.), consulting (legal, accounting, etc.), finance and banking, insurance, and finance and banking, insurance, and catering, etc.catering, etc.

Shanghai Development Shanghai Development StrategyStrategy Attract multinational corporation Attract multinational corporation

regional headquartersregional headquarters

Made in China, R & D in Shanghai Made in China, R & D in Shanghai

Promoting the city as the regional as Promoting the city as the regional as well as the nationwell as the nation’’s financial centers financial center

Recruiting top talents around the Recruiting top talents around the world.world.

986 financial institutions are in 986 financial institutions are in ShanghaiShanghai

Shanghai Stock Exchange has 870 Shanghai Stock Exchange has 870 stock listed companies, with a total stock listed companies, with a total net worth: 18.4655.23 trillion Yuannet worth: 18.4655.23 trillion Yuan