Hardware: Processors and CPUS

Bridget GioiaJasper Grassa

Hardware

Tangible parts of computer systems, includes support for processing, storage, input, and output

Processing

Carries out instructions given by software using circuitry and a defined routine to transform data into useful outputs.

Processors•Designed to excel in a specific type of activity.:• Computer graphics•General-purpose personal computing• Industrial use in mainframe computers• Special-purpose (media player, digital cameras, and medical equipment)

Integrated Circuit

• Also called chips or microchips; connect transistors and other electronic components on a thin piece of material like silicon.

• Store and process bits and bytes

Central Processing Unit (CPU)•A group of circuits that perform the processing in a computer, typically in one integrated circuit called a microprocessor.•The CPU governs all actions that a computer carries out

Control Unit•Accesses program instructions then decodes them.•After doing this they direct the flow of data in and out of the ALU, the registers, RAM, and other system components like secondary storage, input, and output devices.

Arithmetic/logic unit and RegistersALU contains the circuitry to process

mathematical and logical operations.

Registers holds the bytes being processed at the time.

Cache• A temporary storage

place for frequently and recently accessed data.

• Having certain data stored in a cache makes the operation of the computer faster

• The size of cache is measured in megabytes (MB)

Clock Speed

Speed of the processor: says how fast it can process data (measured in gigahertz (GHz)

MultiprocessingUses more than one processing

unit to increase productivity and performance

Multi Core Processor

• Combines multiple CPUs on one chip to speed up processing

Moore’s LawNumber of transistors on a chip will double every two years

Optical ComputingOptical processors use light

waves instead of electrical currents

Have the potential to be 500x faster than electronic circuits

Three-Dimensional ProcessingChange 2D wafers to 3D arrays

to speed up processing

Allows processing to occur vertically and horizontally

Quantum Computing

•Uses quantum bits (qubits) instead of bits•Displays properties of the laws of quantam mechanics rather than classical psychics

DNA ComputingComputer would be composed of

enzymes and DNA moleculesPerform 330 trillion operations

per second (100,000x the speed of PCs)

Motherboard

•Primary circuit of a computer•All core components are connected here

BusSubsystem on the motherboard that transfers data among the components

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