BR-NFL Nutrition Video While watching the video record at...
Transcript of BR-NFL Nutrition Video While watching the video record at...
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BR-NFL Nutrition
Video
While watching the video record
at least 3 things that you can do
to improve your diet.
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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
Sec 2-3 Carbon Compounds:
What is special about the chemistry of
carbon?
What are the four major
macromolecules?
What is the connection between a
monomer and a polymer?
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Goal-> To describe the key functions of each
group of organic compounds.
1st job of a biologist is to understand the chemistry of life.
Water Carbon Energy (sun) Oxygen Fuel
Organic Chemistry = study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
Why Carbon ?
4 Valence Electrons
-> covalent bonds
Can bond with many elements
->hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus,
sulfur & nitrogen
Carbon bonds to Carbon
-> Chains of unlimited length
->create complex structures
Result = Versatile
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Macromolecules= 'giant molecules' made of
thousands or hundreds of thousands of smaller
molecules.
Monomer (building blocks) -> Polymers-> Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Are in all living things
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Carbohydrates
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Function of Carbohydrates
1. Energy source!!!
Energy is stored in the C-H
bonds
2. Plant Structure
Cellulose is a carbohydrate
found in the cell wall of plants
We can eat cellulose, but
we can’t break it down and
use it for energy
It is a source of dietary fiber
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Carbohydrate Structure
Subunit is
sugar, a
simple
carbohydrate
Sugars end in
-ose
Many sugars
linked
together
makes
starch, a
complex
carbohydrate
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Structure (continued)
Contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Example: Glucose
C6H12O6 6:12:6 = 1:2:1
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Carbs are also called
saccharides
Monosaccharide – 1 sugar
Disaccharide – 2 sugars
Polysaccharide – many
sugars
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Carbohydrate Example
Foods high in
Carbohydrates
Bread, Cereal, Pasta,
Potato
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BR- Review Carbohydrates
What elements make
carbohydrates?
What is the ratio for simple
(single) carbohydrates?
What is the function of
carbohydrates?
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Lipids
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Function
1. Long term energy storage
- Fats have more energy than
carbs
- 1 grams of fat =9 cal
- 1 gram of
carbohydrate/protein =4 cal
- Our bodies store unused energy
in fat
2. Form cell membranes
3. Steroid hormones (testosterone)
4. Cholesterol
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Structure
Lipids are
NONPOLAR and
cannot dissolve in
water!
They are hydrophobic (Water Fearing)
Subunit is fatty acid
3 long chains of
C and H
Elements included C, H, O
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Structure (continued)
Saturated (all single bonds)
Usually solids, like butter
Unsaturated (1 or more double bonds)
Usually liquids, like oil
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Lipid Examples
Fats, oils, and waxes
cholesterol and hormones
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Protein
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Function of Proteins
1.) Structural:
Collagen:
Forms cartilage and tendons
Keratin:
Forms hair
2.) Functional:
Some transport things (hemoglobin transports oxygen)
ENZYMES – end with –ase (catalase)
Help chemical reactions by speeding them up; This is very important for bodily functions, like metabolism
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Protein Structure
Proteins are made of
subunits called amino acids
(AA)
There are 20 (AA).
The average protein has 100
AA
amino acid contains four
elements: hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and carbon.
Protein Video
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Example of food high in
protein
Steak, Chicken, Insects,
Eggs, nuts
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Nucleic Acids
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Function of Nucleic Acids
Store and transmit
genetic information.
Direct the formation
(synthesis) of new
proteins
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Structure of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids are made up of
Nucleotides
Nucleotides have 3 parts
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous
Base
5 types of nitrogenous
bases
Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, Thymine(DNA
only), Uracil (RNA only)
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Examples of Nucleic Acids
DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA-Ribonucleic acid
3 main types of RNA
mRNA(messenger)- takes
genetic information to the
ribosome
tRNA(transfer)- carries
amino acids for protein
synthesis
rRNA(ribosomal)-makes up
ribosome and aids in
protein synthesis.