Boston consulting report

8/9/2019 Boston consulting report

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Overview of women status in science


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'

Over the 14 countries analyzed worldwide, 2 distinct groups emerge regarding women's status in science

• "Women in Science advanced countries" (France, UK, Spain, Germany, US, Japan, China) with a high level of schooling and afair integration of women into society in general and more specifically into the scientific world

• "Women in Science emerging countries" (Brazil, Argentina, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Egypt, South Africa) with a low level of schooling and a weak integration of women outside of the domestic sphere

Given low level of maturity of second group, immediate launch of a science focused schooling initiative only valuable for

"Women in Science advanced countries" , therefore being the focus of our study

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e d

.

, ,

to 29%) but gender parity is stil l far from being reached• A first representation gap of women in science arises as early as Bachelor level (32%) and continues throughout the scientific

career (11% of women in top academic positions)

• -

n s u l

t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

,studies vs. engineering and general science

Overall today, a gir l graduating from high school has in average a 35% probabili ty to enroll in a scientific Bachelor, a 18%robabilit to raduate Bachelor, a 8% robabilit to raduate Master and a 2% robabilit to be a science Doctor

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

• Those probabilities are respectively 77%, 37%, 19% and 6% for a boy

Reaching gender parity would enable an additional pool of 300k women to graduate as science Doctors each year

• ~

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Over the 14 countries analyzed worldwide, 2 distinct groups

'

Women in science advanced countries

Women in science emer in countries

Literacy

rate

Gender

inequality

index

Literacy

rate

Gender

inequality

index

Share of pop.

attending at most

primary school

Share of women

among

researchers1 1

France Brazil

99% 0.106

99% 0.085

90% 0.449

98% 0.372

45%

68%

26%

25%

l l r i g


.

Spain

rgen na

99% 0.117 88% 0.490 N/A

South Africa

38%

n s u l

t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

UK Morocco

.

99% 0.299 66% N/A

.

61%35%

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

Japan India

99% 0.123 74% 0.617 61%14%

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2

China Indonesia

. .

1. UNDP index capturing the loss of achievement due to gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation2010 dataSource: Human development report 2011, wikipedia, census, Education at a glance 2011, Population projected by level of education for Egypt


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Over the past decade, +12% in share of women among

End of the 1990's Beginning of 2010's

l l r i g


.womenamong

researchers

womenamong

researchers

+3 points(12%)

n s u l

t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

3

C o p y r i g

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2

Source: Eurostat, UNESCO 1999 and 2009 data, DDG research, BCG analysis

ee o ac e e ssue y en y ng s roo cause


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First representation gap of women in science arises as early as

Researcher Career1 4 52 3

97%

career achievement

Bachelor Masters Doctorate Top academic

achievement

Nobel prize

1

2

71%68%

70%75%

89%

l l r i g


.

=51%

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

49%

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

Gap

initiation

29%25%

11%

4

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2

1. Are considered as researcher professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and sciences and also the management of the projectconcerned; management being also included in researcher oversized data especially for China 2. Data only available for EU-27BCG analysis, China targets 10 major universities not entire countrySource: UNESCO, national statistic bureau, China confidential BCG study, BCG analysis

3%


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1

Science performances

100 More girls average

Science performances

More girls average100

France

50

0

79

2122

5549

1721

US

per ormers per ormers

50

0

781819

5953

16

20

Level 5/ 6Level 4Level 2/3Level 0/1

100

505049

100

5048

40


l l r i g


.

Germany 0Level 5/ 6

1113

Level 4

2725

Level 2/3Level 0/1

1113

100

Japan0

Level 4

3029

Level 2/3Level 0/1

89

Level 5/ 6

15

21

100

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

UK

50

10132125

5349

1614 Shanghai

50

252937343633

23

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C0

Level 5/6Level 4Level 2/3Level 0/1

100

6357

0


5

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2

Spain0

Level 5/ 6

46

Level 4

1821

Level 2/3Level 0/1

1616

Source: PISA 2012


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5

Vertical segregation towards women present ...particularly marked in science and engineering

European scope

100

2006: Proportion of men and women in

typical academic career EU-27

across all academic fields... fields with a faster pace of improvement

100

2006: Proportion of men and women in typical academic

career in science and engineering EU-27

81

64

8089

78

80

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .

36

4445

5655

40

60

3336

6764

40

60

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

19

2011

22

20

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C Academic

staff grade C

PhD. Academicstaff

grade B

Academicstaff

grade A

Academicstaff

grade C

PhD. Academicstaff

grade B

Academicstaff

grade A

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2Men 2006Women 2006

Source: UNESCO


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Unequal representation of women on boards of main scientific5

100

%

Share of women on boards of main scientific institutions

60

80

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .

40

27 %28 %29 %

34 %

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

0

20

6 %

20 %17 %

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

JapanGermany ChinaUSUKFranceSpain

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Note: Total number of board members and scientific institution varies considerably between countriesSource: BCG analysis


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Dramatic under representation among science Nobel Prize

~

5

.

5 Nobel prizes awarded to women out of 132 (~3.5%)

15

Nb of Nobel

prizes awarded1

1998-2013: Nobel prizes awarded by gender

Medicine:F. Barré Sinoussi

(France)

Medicine:

E. Blackburn (Australia)C. Greider (US)

Medicine:L. Buck (USA)

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .

3

1

1

10

Chimie: Ada Yonath (Israël)

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .12

9 9

11

7 78

9

6

8

6

10

7

6

8

5

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

0

0807060504030201009998 1312111009

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2 received the award of the

L'Oréal Foundation1. Including Fields Medall awarded every 4 yearsSource: nobelprize.org

MenWomen


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Among the (few) Nobel prizes awarded to women, 80%

1998-2013: Split of Nobel prizes per field and per gender

50

42

4 out of 5 Nobel pr izes

awarded to women

were in medicine 80%

4

30

40

137

39

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .

35 36

4220

14

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

14

0

10

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

Medicine Chemistry MathematicsPhysics

MenWomen

(médaille Fields)2

11

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2

1. Including Fields Medal 2. Fields Medal awarded every 4 yearsSource: nobelprize.org


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Today, a girl graduating from high school has in average a 2%

.

2%

Graduating fromscientific Doctorate

8%

18%

Entering scientific

Graduating from

scientific Bachelor

ra ua ng rom

scientific Master

35%

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .

6%

Bachelor

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

Graduating from

19%

37%

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

Entering scientific

Graduating from

scientific Bachelor

Graduating from

scientific Master

12

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2

Bachelor

Source: UNESCO, national statistic bureau, China confidential BCG study, BCG analysis


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Reaching gender parity would enable an additional pool of

50

% 2010 Share of women at each step of scientific career

+300 000 women Doctorates i f par ity was achieved today at all levels ~15-20 years f rom now

40

+0.3m

. m

Bachelor

graduates +0.9m

Masters

. m

Bachelors

enrolled

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .30

20

7,602

Doctorates

+3 mill ionpotential

researchers

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

10166

679,,

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

100806040200

DoctorateGraduate

Master

Bachelor Graduate

High school Bachelor enrollement

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Note: If gender parity is reach total size of cohort increasesSource: INSEE, local ministries of Education, Eurostat, Destatis, BCG analysis

Graduateare o women thousand


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Laurent Acharian

• Marketing & Communications Director

• Tel. +33 1 40 17 15 74

• . .

Myriam Gasnier

•

l l r i g

h t s r e s e r v e

d .

• Tel. + 33 1 40 17 11 86• [email protected]

n s u

l t i n g

G r o u p ,

I n c .

0 1 3 b y

T h e

B o s

t o n

C

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