BonesMore Bones Lots of Bones Tons of Bones Zillions of bones 10 20 30 40 50.
Bones Notes
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Transcript of Bones Notes
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Bones Notes
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Skeletal System
Bones (skeleton)The skeleton has 206 bones
JointsCartilageligaments
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Divided into two divisionsAxial skeleton – bones of face & skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum
Appendicular skeleton – bones of pectoral & pelvic girdle, extremities (arms & legs), bones of hands and feet
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FUNCTION
Support of the bodyProtection of soft organsMovement due to attached skeletal
musclesStorage of minerals and fatsBlood cell formation
(hematopoiesis)
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Classification of Bone
Long bonesTypically longer than wideHave a shaft with heads at both
endsExamples: Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsal, metacarpals
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Short bonesGenerally cube-shape
Examples: carpals, tarsals, patella, calcaneus
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Flat bonesThin and flattenedUsually curved
Examples: Skull bones (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital), mandible, ribs, sternum
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Irregular bonesIrregular shape or does not fit into
other categoriesExample: Vertebrae and hip
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Bone Markings
Surface features of bonesSites of attachments for muscles,
tendons, and ligamentsPassages for nerves and blood
vessels
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Categories of bone markings
Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surfaceTuberosity – large round
projectionsTubercle – small, round
projections or processesHead – bony expansion carried
on narrow neck
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Trochanter – very large, irregular shaped process
Ramus – armlike bar of boneCondyle – round articular
projectionSpine – sharp, slender, pointed
projection
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Crest – narrow ridge of bone’
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Depressions or cavities – indentationsMeatus – canal-like passagewaySinus – cavity within a bone filled
with air lined with mucus membrane
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Fossa – shallow, basin-like depression
Fissure – narrow slit-like openingForamen – round or oval
opening through bone
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Bone Development