Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Notes. Vertebral Column 33 bones in infants 26 bones in adults 5...
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Transcript of Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Notes. Vertebral Column 33 bones in infants 26 bones in adults 5...
Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Notes
Vertebral Column
• 33 bones in infants• 26 bones in adults• 5 sections:
– Cervical (7 bones) – Thoracic (12 bones)– Lumbar (5 bones)– Sacrum (5 fused bones)– Coccyx (4 fused bones)
Vertebral Curvatures
Primary – those presentat birth:• thoracic• pelvicSecondary – developafter birth: • cervical – develops as
baby holds head up• lumbar – develops as child
begins to stand
Features of Typical Vertebrae
body – for supportintervertebral arch – for articulation of next vertebraesup. & inf. articulating processes – for articulation w/vert. above or below
Features of Typical Vertebrae
rib facet – for articulation w/ribstransverse process-for muscle attachment;project laterally
spinous process - sharp projection for muscle attachment projects posteriorly
lamina – 2 plates that fuse to become spinous processpedicle – projection from bodyvertebral foramen – opening for s.c.intervertebral disc – composed of cartilage for cushion
Features of Atlas (C1)
Atlas – supports skull• Fovea dentis – notch for dens• Facet for articulation w/occipital condyles• No body
Features of Axis (C2)
Axis – pivot point
• Dens (odontoid
process); fits into
C1 for rotation
of the skull
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Features:• smallest• most dense• transverse foramina – for arteries to brain• bifid (forked) spinous process (C2-C5)- (for muscle attachment)
• C7 –
vertebra prominens (landmark)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Features:• larger than cervical• long spinous process
projects posteriorlyand inferiorly
• facets for ribs
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Features:• Largest, strongest
bodies• Transverse process
thinner & project laterally• Spinous process
short, thick, nearly horizontal
Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrum – triangular-shaped bone at base of vert. column•Consists of 5 fused vertebrae•Sacral foramen – for b.v. & nerves•Sacral canal – s.c. travels through•Sacral hiatus – where spinal cord exitsCoccyx (tailbone) – consists of 4 fused vertebrae
Thoracic Cage Includes ribs, thoracic vert., sternum & costal cartilage
Support upper limbs, protect organs & aid in breathing Sternum – 3 parts: manubrium body xiphoid process
Features of Sternum
• Sternal angle – union of manubrium & body; at 2nd rib (anatomic landmark)
• Clavicular notch – junction of clavicle & sternum
• Sternal puncture – aspiration of red marrow for diagnosis
Ribs – 12 pair
3 types:
vertebrosternal- true ribs (1st 7pair)
vertebrochondral –
false ribs (next 3 pr.)
vertebral – floating (last 2 pair)
Male vs. Female PelvisFemale Structure (All related to female pelvis functioning as a birth canal):• Iliac bones more flared• Angle of pubic arch greater• > distance b/t ischial
spines• Sacral curvature shorter
& wider• Bones lighter