Bones
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Transcript of Bones
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BONESSKELETAL SYSTEM
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WHAT HAPPENED TO ALL THE BONES??
As a newborn you are born with over 300 bones. As an adult you have only 206! What happened to all the other bones?
Newborn baby
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CAN YOU BELIEVE WE HAVE 206 BONES?Skull and upper jaw—21 bonesEar—3 tiny bonesLower jaw (mandible)Front neck bone (hyoid)Backbone/spine—26 separate bones (vertebrae)Ribs—12 pairsBreast boneUpper limbs—32 bones (2-shoulder, 3 arm, 8 wrist, 19 hand)Lower limbs—31 bones (1 hip, 4 leg, 7 ankle, 19 foot)
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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON
1. Support2. Protection3. Movement4. Storage of minerals5. Production of blood cells
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AXIAL SKELETON• Consists of the following bones:
• Skull• Vertebral column• Rib Cage
Protects Vital Organs
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• Arms and leg bones, pelvis, and shoulder areas• Movement• Production of blood
cells• Storage of minerals
Appendicular
Axial
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PARTS OF A BONEA. Periosteum—living membrane
covering bone, except jointB. Spongy bone—tissue with many
spaces, located at end of long bones & in the middle of flat bones
C. Compact bone—very dense, located in shafts of long bones
D. Epiphyseal plate—growth plateE. Marrow
A. Red—produces RBCsB. Yellow—mostly fat cells
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PARTS OF A BONEF. Haversian Canals—
spaces through which nerves and blood vessels pass
G. Osteoblasts—bone builder cells
H. Osteoclasts—bone destroyer cells
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JOINTS• Joints are the
places where bones meet and touch
• There are three classification of joints• Immovable• Slightly Movable• Freely Movable
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TYPES OF FREE MOVING BONE JOINTS
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TYPES OF FREE MOVING JOINTS
BALL & SOCKET JOINT
HINGE JOINT
A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders.
A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage.
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TYPES OF FREE MOVING JOINTS
PIVOT JOINT
GLIDING JOINT
SADDLE JOINT
saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down, bot does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint.
gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Midcarpal and midtarsal joints are gliding joints
Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis. The neck and forearms have pivot joints. Neck--occipital bone spins over the top of the axis. Forearms--radius and ulna twist around each other.
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NAME THE JOINT TYPEHinge Joint
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NAME THE JOINT TYPEFixedJoint
PivotJoint
PivotJoint
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NAME THE JOINT TYPEBall & Socket
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CARTILAGE1. Some always present
2. Ossification—replacement of cartilage with bone
3. Bursae—fluid-filled sacs that lubricate some freely moving joints
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TENDON VS LIGAMENT
Tendon—attaches muscle to bone (sprain)
Ligaments—attach bone to bone (strain)
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TYPES OF BONES• Long—have a tubular shaft & articular surface at
each end• Short or Irregular—are variable in size and shape
and are generally compact in nature (hand and foot)• Flat—are thin and have broad surfaces (ribs,
sternum, hips, scapula)
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DISEASES AND DISORDERS• Bursitis—is an
inflammation of the bursa, causing pain in the body’s joints
• Osteoarthritis--(also called degenerative joint disease) occurs when a joint wears out
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DISEASES AND DISORDERS• Osteoporosis—
disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue.
• Scoliosis—a side to side curve of the spine
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DISEASES AND DISORDERS• Fractures—breaks or
cracks in the bone
• Leukemia—cancer affecting the production of RBCs
Leukemia