Bonding and Chemical Reactions
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Transcript of Bonding and Chemical Reactions
Bonding and Chemical Reactions Compounds and Molecules
Chemical Bond: forces that hold atomstogether in a compound.
Chemical Structure: the arrangement of atomsin a substance Bond
length: distance between nucleus of2 atoms Bond Angle: angle the
bonds between 3 ormore atoms form Chemical Structure compounds with
networks are strong solids
ex: diamond, quartz, many rocks networked compounds havemelting
andboiling points ex: salts, rocks, diamonds Chemical Structure
Some compounds are made of molecules
ex: H2, O2, N2, CO2 are all gases with weakattraction hydrogen
bonds are very strong Bonding Atoms form bonds so each atom has 8
valence electrons.
This is known as stable. Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds: between
oppositely chargedatoms; usually on opposite sides of the
periodictable (nonmetal and a metal) transfer electrons form
networks, not molecules conduct electricity Covalent Bonds Covalent
Bonds: share electrons; usuallybetween 2 elements close on the
periodic table(2 nonmetals) nonpolar covalent bond: e- shared
equally polar covalent bond: e- shared unequally Metallic Bonding
sea of electrons: electrons can float freelybetween atoms; allows
metals to conductelectricity well Compound Names and Formulas
Compounds have specific names soyou can tell how many and what
atomsare in the compound/molecule. Ionic compounds MUST have a
total charge of zero!!
Ionic Naming Cations are just the name of the element Anions have
-ide at the end of the elementsname Sodium Chloride Cation is
ALWAYS FIRST Anion is ALWAYS LAST Ionic compounds MUST have a total
charge of zero!! Na+1 + Cl-1 = NaCl = 0 charge! Transition Metal
Naming
Transition metals show their charges as RomanNumerals because they
can change charge!! FeO = Fe+2 + O-2 Iron (II) Oxide Fe2O3 = Fe+3 +
O-2 Iron (III) Oxide What is the formula for Lithium Oxide? What is
the name for CuCl2? If you only have 1 cation, you dont need a
prefix!
Covalent Naming To name covalent compounds, you must put aprefix in
front of the elements name. mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa-
hepta- octa- nona- deca- If you only have 1 cation, you dont need a
prefix! What is the name of H2O? Formulas Empirical Formula:
smallest whole-numberratio of atoms in a compound Molecular
Formula: how many atoms are in amolecule of a compound GLUCOSE
EmpiricalFormula MolecularFormula CH2O C6H12O6 Chemical Reactions
Rearrange atoms Involve changes in energy
Exothermic: release energy (heat, fire, fizz, etc) Endothermic:
absorb energy (drop in temp.) methane and oxygen yield carbon
dioxide and water
Chemical Equations methane and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and
water ___ CH4 + ___ O ___CO2 + ___ H2O Reactants Products Balance
the reaction. ___ Mg + ___ O ___MgO Balance the reaction. ___ H2O
___H2O + ___ O2 Reaction Types Synthesis: A + B AB Decomposition:
AB A + B
Combustion:ALWAYS HAS O2 AS AREACTANT! AB + O AO + BO Reaction
Types Single-Replacement (single-displacement): AX + B A + BX
Double-Replacement (double-displacement): AX + BY AY + BX