BÜCHI Labortechnik AG Loadability...Competitor C, C18 15 µm 11 mg/mL Competitor B, C18 10 µm 7...
Transcript of BÜCHI Labortechnik AG Loadability...Competitor C, C18 15 µm 11 mg/mL Competitor B, C18 10 µm 7...
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 110.07.2014
Loadability
BÜCHI Labortechnik AG
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 210.07.2014
2
Load ability
� Loading Capacity
� Resolution
� Sample Solubility (injection)
� Conclusion
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 310.07.2014
3
Vancomycin Frontal Loading
ColumnLoading Capacity
Competitor D, C18 10 µm 31 mg/mL
Competitor C, C18 15µm 11 mg/mL
Competitor B, C18 10µm 7 mg/mL
Competitor A, C18 15-20µm 13 mg/mL0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 45
4321
Competitor CCompetitor B
Competitor A
BreakthroughPoint
Time (min.)
Abs
orba
nce
at 2
76 n
m
Competitor D
The capacity of each material is calculated from the following equation:
CCapacity = ([T (at 50%) – t0(uracil) ] x C vancomycin x F)
VColumnT (at 50%) = Frontal breakthrough time measured at 50% peak height minus 1 minute.
Cvancomycin = 1 mg/mL
VColumn = 0.173 mL
F (flow rate) = 0.2 mL/min
t0uracil determined from an injection of uracil with mobile phase A at 0.2mL/min.
Loading Capacity (active sites/sample affinity)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 410.07.2014
4
Loading capacity (Surface Area)
Effect on chromatography
High surface area generally provides greater retention, capacity and resolution for separating complex, multi-component samples.
Low surface area packings generally equilibrate quickly, especially important in gradient analyses.
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 510.07.2014
5
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0
25 µg50 µg100 µg250 µg1000 µg
Time (min.)
Vydac ® 150HC C18 20µm
Sample Load (µg) Vydac® 150HC C18 20µm
Efficiency (plates)
25 2132
50 2149
100 1578
250 1118
1000 365
Loading Capacity (active sites saturation)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 610.07.2014
6
2-fold increase in column inner diameter
4 to 5-fold increase in capacity
C4, 300Å, 4.6 x 250 mm, 5 µm24-95% ACN in 0.1% TFA over 30 min.
Loading capacity (Scaling Up)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 710.07.2014
7
Loading capacity (Particle Sizes)
� Peak widths much narrower with small particle materials at low sample loads.
� However, little difference in peak widths at high loads.
� Allows usage of larger particle sizes resulting in lower cost.
C424-95% ACN in 0.1% TFA over 30 min. at 1.5 mL/min.
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 810.07.2014
8
ResolutionRelation between resolution and loadability
When ΔRf increases the sample loadabilityincreases
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 910.07.2014
Resolution (choices)
• Column packing material
• pH of eluens
• Temperature
• Selectivity triangle
9
H-
Acceptor
DipoleH-
Donor
TolueneVII
VDichloro-methane
I Diethyl-ether
II
Ethanol
IVAceticacid
III Tetra-
hydrofuranVIII
ChloroformVI
Ethylacetate
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1010.07.2014
10
Injection(Analytical)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1110.07.2014
11
Injection(Overload)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1210.07.2014
12
Injection(Overload types)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1310.07.2014
13
Injection(test)
In this part of the comparison 2 types of tests are performed :Loading capacity by volume of injectionLoading capacity by mass of sample
A standard Reveleris® system was used with the following conditions :Solvent : Gradient heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 25 % in 15 CV.Flow : 36ml/min for all other cartridgesDetection : ELSD + UV1 (254nm) + UV2 (280nm)Sample: Phtalate test mix in Heptane
toluene (5g) dimethylphtalate (10g)diethylphtalate (15g)dibutylphtalate (20g)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1410.07.2014
14
Loading capacity by injection volume
Mass of sample Injection Volume
1.4g 2ml
1.4g 4ml
1.4g 8ml
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
2 4 6
Res
olu
tio
n
volume Injection (ml)
Resolution as function from injection volume
Peak 2-3 Peak 3-4
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1510.07.2014
15
Loading capacity by injection volume (solvent strength)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1610.07.2014
16
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
0,7 1,4 2,1 2,8
Res
olu
tio
n
Sample load (gram)
Resolution as function from sample mass
Peak 2-3 Peak 3-4
Loading capacity by sample mass
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1710.07.2014
Solutions to overcome injection limitation
o Direct injection on column.
o The injection valves are bypassed.
o Sandwich injection method
o Solid loading
17
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1810.07.2014
18
Sandwich Injection (precipitation)
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 1910.07.2014
19
Solid loading
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 2010.07.2014
20
Solid loading (example)
500mg mix of a mono saccharide and glycosylated peptides.Coated on 3 gram celite
20140710_Company_PresentationBUCHI
For internal use onlypage 2110.07.2014
21
Conclusion
• Load abilities limitation are physical• Solubility• Affinity• Selectivity• Resolution• Precipitation
No controlable : It is impossible to overcome Physical limitation
controlable: There are a lot of parameters to play with-Solvents (pH, selectivity triangle)-packing material (selectivity, service area, particle, active sites etc.)-injection method