Body System Organization

Respiratory system• Primary function is to obtain

oxygen and remove CO2• Includes tubes that remove

particles from incoming air & transport air into and out of the lungs

• gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells = respiration

• Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production in the cells = cellular respiration

Skeletal System• Made up of bones that

provide points of attachment for muscles, protect and support softer tissue, house blood producing cells, store inorganic salts, and provide pathways for blood vessels and nerves

• Also includes your cartilage (tendons and ligaments)

Integumentary System

• Includes: Cutaneous membrane, aka skin

• Other accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.

• Protect the body from drying out and having foreign items entering in

Muscular System• Muscles and organs

composed of specialized cells that use chemical energy stored in nutrients to contract

• Actions include: muscle tone, propel body fluids and food, generate heartbeat, and distribute heat

Nervous System• Sensory information is brought

into and sent out of the brain and spinal cord

• Comprised of neurons, aka nerve cells

• Nerve impulses are chemical reactions that allow them to communicate from cell to cell.

• Dendrites and axons are extensions of the cell

• nervous tissue – bundles of axons and neuroglial cells

• Can be divided into two systems – Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Endocrine System• Endocrine glands – secrete

hormones• Act on cells called target cells

(occur over a long period of time)• Can be used as messenger

molecules – paracrine and autocrine.

• Exocrine glands – secrete “stuff” outside the body.

• Include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland. The pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus gland

Cardiovascular System

• Brings oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and removes waste

• Comprised of a pump (heart) and its vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and blood

• Closed system• If didn’t exist, no oxygen or

nutrients would be delivered, CO2/wastes would build up

• Network of vessels and transports fluids

• Similar to the cardiovascular system

• Carry away excess fluids from body to blood stream

• Launch both generalized and targeted attacks against foreign objects or toxins

• Consists of: lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen.

Lymphatic and Immunity System

• Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods

• Absorption of resulting nutrients by cells.

• Consists of the alimentary canal – mouth to anus.

• 186 sq. meters long• Supplies body cells with nutrients• Includes: mouth, tongue, teeth,

salivary glands, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, small and large intestine

Digestive System

Urinary System• Removes salts and nitrogenous

wastes • Helps to maintain normal

concentrations of water and electrolytes

• Regulates pH and volume of body fluid

• Helps to control red blood cell production and blood pressure

• Kidneys – remove substances and regulate metabolism

• Ureters – transport urine from kidneys

• Urinary bladder – stores urine• Urethra – moves urine outside

the body