KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGYDepartment of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Project Name: Android Controller Human Detection Car

Course no: ECE-3200

3rd year 2nd semester

Course Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Md. Osman Goni

Group member:

1. Md. Tarifuzzaman (1209004)

2. Aditi Bose (1209046)

3.Md.Mintu Pk (1209050)

Table of contents1. Introduction

Abstract Background Objective

2. Key factors on the project Human Detection Useing in jewelry stores, banks Detect object tracking it’s distance

3. Design Approach 4. Hardware

Arduino Mega Dc motor Dc motor driver Obstacle sensor Blutooth Module Pir sensor Camera Android phone Laptop Power supply

5. Software Arduino software Bluetooth controller

6. Project Demonstration7. Cost8. Application 9. Future plan10. References and Attachments

1. INTRODUCTION:

Abstract :The main aim of Human Detection Robot is to design a android controlled Robot which can detect live humans and give a signal when detect human and tracking location by live streaming . It can also be used in war fields and places where disaster has occurred. Human detection is also required in hazardous sectors like boilers, reactors where only authorized person can enter. The live body sensor in this project is a specialtype of sensor known as PIR sensor. Any alive body with a temperature above absolute temperature emits radiations which are invisible to the normal eye. It senses these passive infrared rays to detect the live human. Human identity is carried out using a Human live detection sensor. The PIR sensor is used to detect the motion in any kind and will inform to micro controller. In this project we are using Altrasonic sensor to detect obstacle . we use bluetooth module to control robot by android mobile. We use camera to tracking location by video streaming . Keywords-- PIR sensor, Altrasonic sensor , Bluetooth module , camera.

BackgroundIn these days there are a lot of robberies happening, so we need more security. The security system commonly used is ordinary surveillance camera it provides visual images but the ordinary surveillance camera cannot notify the user instantly about unauthorized presence. To overcome robbery and to notify the user as quickly as possible we developed a robot that can detect human. As the robot can detect the human it is named Human Detection Robot. This robot can be used in jewelry stores, banks, etc. to provide security after hours. It can also be used in earthquake areas to find victims and also in army to detect the opponent. The proposed system uses a PIR sensor in order to

detect the motion of living humans. The simulated robot is assumed to have the capability to determine its current location in real-time, to wirelessly communicate with the rescue team, and to locally store the status and location information about the trapped victims in case the wireless communications link is temporarily disconnected.Traditionally, equipped robots faced a lot of problems (i) A very high communication cost was incurred due to the large number of transmitted images to the operator. (ii) More than 25% of the communications between Wireless robot and the control unit was extremely noisy and therefore was useless. This eventually led to a loss of communication between the robots and the operator. As a result, the robots stopped working totally. (iii) A very high processing cost is also incurred by the Capturing, storing, and transmitting a large number of images. The Pyro electric devices, such as the PIR sensor, have elements made of a crystalline material that generates an electric charge when exposed to infrared radiation. The PIR Sensor requires a „warm-up‟ time in order to function properly. This is due to the settling time involved in „learning‟ its environment. This could be anywhere from 1-2 Minutes. After this warm up time, sensor will be ready to use.

ObjectiveWe want to design a kind of system which can detect human. The system consists of these parts:

a) Sensor Part—used to detect human and detect movement of target measure the distanceb) Processing Part—used to control car and to transmit and receive videoc) Server –used to show live streaming

2. Key factors on the project:

Human Detection : The human detection robot project involves detecting live

personal detection and is based on an arduino. A PIR sensor is used to detect the human beings and the project is primarily used to rescue people stuck in debris during earthquake. It basically brings the humans stuck under debris to the surface, thereby saving them effectively.

Using in jewelry stores, banks :The main aim of the project is to design a system for alerting any theft and to auto arrest the theft in museums and jewelry shops. Nowadays everyone knows what type of security we need, security in almost all the cases. But even after taking care we are still unsatisfied with the security which we provide by our self. So as the technology is growing we are implementing new ideas over security purpose. In this project we are using PIR sensor which is used to detect Human motion, whenever someone wants to steal the jewel which is present in the shopping mall then the thief will be automatically arrested with the help of some human detecting sensors and the doors will be automatically closed, leaving the thief inside the jewelry shop and gives the intimation to the owner of that shopping mall through RF communication. The LED will be ‘on’ for indicating that someone is arrested and at the same time the display will also be shown at the receiver section.

Detect object tracking it’s distance :For a robotic car to follow a moving target, the robotic car should have the capability of first detecting the target and then measuring its position and velocity. This paper proposes a new solution for this problem, using the virtual ultrasonic image which is simply constructed by accumulating the returned ultrasonic signal along the time axis for a certain number of measurement periods.when the car get obstacle within 10 cm then it automatically stop.

3. Design Approach The following block diagram shows the sketch how we design the system

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THIS PROJECT

4. Hardware4.1 Arduino Mega 2560 :The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega 2560 board is compatible with most shields designed for the Uno and the former boards Duemilanove or Diecimila.

Programming

The Mega 2560 board can be programmed with the arduino software adk .The ATmega2560 on the Mega 2560 comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocolPowerThe Mega 2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can

operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may become unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. Memory

The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for the bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROMPhysical Characteristics and Shield Compatibility

The maximum length and width of the Mega 2560 PCB are 4 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Three screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins location .

4.2 Dc motor

A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.

4.3 DC MOTOR DRIVE:Whenever a robotics hobbyist talk about making a robot, the first thing comes to his mind ismaking the robot move on the ground. And there are always two options in front of thedesigner whether to use a DC motor or a stepper motor. When it comes to speed, weight, size,cost... DC motors are always preferred over stepper motors. There are many things which youcan do with your DC motor when interfaced with a microcontroller. For example you can

control the speed of motor; you can control the direction of rotation.

4.4 OBOSTACLE SENSORUltrasonic transducers are transducers that convert ultrasound waves to electrical signals or vice versa. Those that both transmit and receive may also be called ultrasound transceivers; many ultrasound sensors besides being sensors are indeed transceivers because they can both sense and transmit. These devices work on a principle similar to that of transducers used in radar and sonar systems, which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves, respectively. Active ultrasonic sensors generate high-frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions, convert it to an electrical signal, and report it to a computer.

4.5 Blutooth Module :Bluetooth wireless technology is a 2.4GHz ISM-band open industry standard for short rangewireless communication, which is capable of voice and data transfer (up to 723 kbps data transferin ACL link or up to 3 simultaneous voice connections in SCO links in a piconet).In this document, the SEMCO-Bluetoth Modules are presented, which consists of RF, baseband,and link manager protocol together with Host Controller Interface(HCI) / HCI-UART functionalityimplemented according to the Bluetooth specification version 1.1.SEMCO-Bluetoth Modules are designed for use as an universal Bluetooth module compliant forthe Bluetooth specification version 1.1, which can be applied to hand-held phones, PDAs,headsets, PCs and PC-peripherals, et cetera for wireless voice and data communication.SEMCO-Bluetoth Modules or Evaluation Board Demo Kits are available by Samsung

Ultar Sonic sensor

Electro-Mechanics for development.

4.6 PIR SENSOR :All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation. Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it radiates at infrared wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose.

The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR devices do not generate or radiate any energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting the energy given off by other objects. PIR sensors don't detect or measure "heat"; instead they detect the infrared radiation emitted or reflected from an object. 

5. Software 5.1 Arduino softwareIt is the most complicated part of this experiment. We get the detailed tutorial from

http://arduino.cc/en/main/software. There’re four kinds of operating system for you to choose.

Basically, the software helps us input the code into the arduino board, which shows the pir sensorAs

shown in figure 9, after placing the folder into the libraries folder, we should be able to access all the

amarino files through the arduino programming environment and then open the code in arduino

board.

6. PROJECT DEMONSTRATION:

From the demonstration we can see that our alcohol detecting system has the following advantages:

1. The materials are cheap and are easy to acquire. The cost of this system is one of the important factors we are considering. Because if we want to popularize this system, we should make it as cheap as possible so that every driver can afford of this useful system.

2. It doesn’t some large measuring instruments which mean it can be made small enough and can be put into production without any challenging technological problems.

3. We used the Bluetooth module. It can realize the wireless communication. It is a significant design because we can

Android Controller Human Detection Car

ITEM QUANTITY TYPE/MODEL

PRICE

1.Arduino 01 Mega -2560 900/=2.Dc motor 02 6V 200/=3.Modor driver 01 L298N 440/=4.Wheel 02 100/=5.Battery 01 7.5V 1000/=6.Bluetooth module

01 SC06 640/=

7.PIR sensor 01 SC-SR501 184/=8.Sonar sensor 01 SCSR04 175/=9.Camera 01 640*480 CMOS 107510.LED 01 5/=

TOTAL= 4719/=

7.Cost:

8. Application Following are the main applications of this Human Detection Robot.

a ) Human detection robot can be used at the time of natural calamities to save the lives of human.

b ) This can also be used to detect the humans in the war field.

c ) This can be used for security purpose in the jewellery shops, museums.

9. Limitation

10. Future plana) We will add wheels which are suitable for trough and terrain surfaces.b) Adding GSM and GPS to locate and tracking human. c) Use Fresnel PIR which work at 360 degree.d) After detection rescue system to human.

Reference: [1] Fahed Awad, Rufaida Shamroukh “Human Detection by Robotic Urban Search and Rescue

Using Image Processing and Neural Networks” International Journal of Intelligence Science, 2014, PP. 4, 39-53. [2] Chris Cappello, Chad Olsen, Mike Auen “Remote Operated and Controlled Hexapod (ROACH) Robot, Rescue Robot League Competition Atlanta, Georgia, USA May 7 – 10, 2005. [3] R. Fuksis, M. Greitans, E. Hermanis “Motion Analysis and Remote Control System using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors” IEEE, 2008. No. 6(86), PP. 69-72. [4] Amerada, T., Yams, T., Igarashit, H., & Matsunos, F. “Development of the Snake-like Rescue Robot KOHGA” IEEE, 2004, PP. 5081- 5086. [5] Sandeep Bhatia, Ajay Mudgil and Amita Soni “Alive Human Detection Using an Autonomous Mobile Rescue Robot”, Department of Electrical And Electronics, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India Vol. 02, July 2010