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BLENDING EVOLUTION WITH REVOLUTION: a new cycle of library automation spins on
Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technology and ResearchVanderbilt University LibraryFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreedingVALA 2010:
connections.content.conversations
10 February 2010Melbourne
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Abstract
• Marshall Breeding, based on his ongoing research and analysis of the product, technology, and business trends of the library automation industry, will give his perspective on the current state of the field and what libraries can expect over the next few years. While some companies will continue a stable and evolutionary path, others articulate more dramatic changes in their strategies. Open source ILS options have already repainted the landscape, with new community source projects underway that promise additional change. The industry drives forward on two fronts, one focusing on automating internal library processes and the other providing new ways for users to discovery and access library collections. Major tech trends such as the rapid rise in smart mobile devices, the shift from local computing to platform-as-a-service cloud computing bring new mandates of change that demand new directions of innovation. These cycles all turn within an economic climate that presents great challenges in the levels of resources that libraries can bring to the table.
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Current state of the industry
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Library Technology Guides
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Dynamics of the ILS market
http://
www.li
brary
tech
nolog
y.or
g/ils-
turn
over
.pl
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ILS market in Australia – Public
http://www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-ils-marketshare.pl?Country=Australia&Type=Public
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ILS market in Australia – Academic
http://www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-ils-marketshare.pl?Country=Australia&Type=Academic
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Perceptions 2009
Third annual survey Survey results were gathered
November 4, 2009 -- January 11, 201
2,098 responses 109 Australia + New Zealand
Published only through Library Technology Guides
http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2009.pl
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How satisfied is the library with your current Integrated Library System (ILS)?
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How likely is it that this library would consider implementing an open source ILS?
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Perceptions 2009 -- observations Products and companies focusing on
smaller libraries and narrower niches generally receive higher perception scores
Companies supporting proprietary ILS products receive generally higher satisfaction scores than companies involved with open source ILS.
Except for the libraries already using an open source ILS, the survey reflected low levels of interest, even when the company rates their satisfaction with their current proprietary ILS and its company as poor.
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Library Journal Automation Marketplace
Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America
Context of global library automation market
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Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2010: ??? 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer
LJ Automation Marketplace
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System Name 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
AGent VERSO 14 19 6 23 15 54 47 24
Evergreen 6Voyager 50 44 35 22 34 12 4 5ALEPH 500 80 58 51 53 83 67 29 26Vubis Smart 13 34 54 56 60 56 40 46
V-Smart 11Millennium 157 136 144 119 107 95 95 64
Koha (Classic/ZOOM) 30 57 40
Library.Solution 79 70 73 58 41 34 35 32
Carl.X / Carl.Solution 1 3 10 0 0
Polaris ILS 12 21 20 37 39 54 32 56Unicorn 117 207 124 134 91 71 121 108
Horizon 126 114 168 193 147 94 15 0
Virtua 37 60 67 35 25 27 30 39
ILS Sales Statistics: total
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Key Context: Libraries in Transition Shift from Print > Electronic Increasing emphasis on subscribed
content, especially articles and databases
Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections
Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability
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Key Context: Library Users in Transition
New generations of library users: Millennial generation
Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance Perceive themselves as competent to use
information tools without help Web savvy / Digital natives Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts / Inherently collaborative work styles
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Key Context: Technologies in transition
XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture
Beyond Web 2.0 Integration of social computing into core
infrastructure Local computing shifting to cloud platforms
SaaS / private cloud / public cloud Full spectrum of devices
full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one
example of device and interface cycles
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Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene
Evolutionary ILS
Revolutionary ILS
Open source and Licensed alternatives
http://www.uoguelph.ca/theportico/science/people/
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Evolutionary path
Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms
Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services SirsiDynix
Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony Innovative
INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore Civica
Urica > Spydus(Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)
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Evolution vs. Revolution
The library automation market has a long-standing preference of evolved systems
Very difficult and lengthy process to build a new library automation system from scratch
Legacy systems bring forward both rich functionality as well as concepts tied to the past
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Revolutionary Path
Ex Libris URM Kuali OLE WorldCat Management System
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Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Millennium, Symphony, Polaris
Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha
Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready) Ex Libris URM, OLE Project
Cloud-based automation system WorldCat Local (+circ, acq, license
management)
Competing Models of Library Automation
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Rethinking library automation
Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries
Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries
Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content
New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS
Working toward a new model of library automation Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA
applications Comprehensive Resource Management
“It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007
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Ex Libris URM
“integrates back-office processes across all library materials, regardless of type, format, and acquisition method”
“reduces effort and lowers costs associated with metadata management”
“a flexible environment for libraries to join forces …”
“service-oriented architecture and fully-documented Web services”
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Kuali OLE
Mellon funded project to create new enterprise level automation platform for research libraries
1-year planning project led by Duke University
Manage resources of all formats More than an ILS / Less than an ILS Community Source / Open Source
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OLE Project: Phase I
Planning and Design Phase Develop Vision + Blueprint Work with consultants with expertise in
SOA and BPM Instill community ownership of OLE Recruit partners for Phase II
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OLE Team @ Duke
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Regional Workshops
Conduct business process modeling (BPM) exercises
Define library workflows which must be supported in OLE
Small group work to develop descriptions of library workflows
Workshop output will shape project design
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OLE Project: Phase II
2-year build project led by Indiana University $2.38 million from Mellon matched by capital
and in-kind contributions by development partners
Community source reference implementation Create software based on OLE blueprint from
current project Early software in 18-24 months High level of investment and commitment to
implementation
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OCLC Management System
"the first Web-scale, cooperative library management service”
New highly scaleable platform for WorldCat Cataloging Interlibrary loan Discovery (WorldCat Local) Circulation Acquisitions License ManagementIn Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System
Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/2009http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6653619.html
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Open Source Library Automation Koha
Evergreen
Kuali OLE
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US: LibLime, Equinox, MediaFlex Australia/NZ: Katipo, CALYX information
essentials, Strategic Data, Catalyst Building support
Concept of open source Promotion of specific products
Struggling to meet expectations Satisfaction lower than many companies offering
proprietary products Some companies offering proprietary products
score much lower than open source
Open Source Companies
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What does it mean to be Open?
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Open source version of legacy models?
Or
New opportunities to support modern libraries?
Is Open Source ILS transformative
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Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality?
This report aims to assess the current slate of major
library automation systems in regard to their
ability to provide openness through APIs, Web services, and the
adoption of SOA.
Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding
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Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality?
“We also note that the two open source systems lag behind proprietary systems in terms of customer-facing APIs that result in tangible activities which extend functionality or enable interoperability.”
Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding
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Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality?
“The APIs available to library programmers continue to be
quirky and less than comprehensive, even from
the vendors with the strongest offerings in this
area.”
Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding
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Closed Systems
CirculationAcquisitionsCataloging
Staff Interfaces:
End User Interfaces:
Data Stores:
Functionalmodules:
No programmable Access to the system.
Captive to the userInterfaces supplied by the developer
Programmer access:
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Standard RDBM Systems
CirculationAcquisitionsCataloging
Staff Interfaces:
End User Interfaces:
Data Stores:
Functionalmodules:
Database administrators can access data stores involved with the system:
Read-only?Read/write?
Developer shares database schema
Programmer access:
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Open Source Model
CirculationAcquisitionsCataloging
Staff Interfaces:
End User Interfaces:
Data Stores:
Functionalmodules:
All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification.
Programmer access:
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Open API Model
CirculationAcquisitionsCataloging
Staff Interfaces:
End User Interfaces:
Data Stores:
Functionalmodules:
Core application closed.
Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.
Programmer access:
Published APIs
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Open Source / Open API Model
CirculationAcquisitionsCataloging
Staff Interfaces:
End User Interfaces:
Data Stores:
Functionalmodules:
Core application closed.
Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.
Programmer access:
Published APIs
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Visualizing the API
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Application based onInternal Proprietary programming
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Public Interfac
e
Staff Interfac
e
ReportsModule
Delivered Interfaces
Core Software
Data stores
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Application with abstract Database API
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Public Interfac
e
Staff Interfac
e
ReportsModule
Delivered Interfaces
Core Software
Data stores
RDMS API
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Application with abstract Database API
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Public Interfa
ce
Staff Interfa
ce
ReportsModule
Delivered Interfaces
Core Software
Data stores
RDMS API
External applicatio
ns
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Application with API abstraction layer
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Application Programming Interfaces
Public Interfac
e
Staff Interfac
e
ReportsModule
Delivered Interfaces
API abstraction layer
Core Software
Data stores
RDMS API
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Application API exposed to External Applications
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Application Programming Interfaces
Public Interfac
e
Staff Interfa
ce
Reports
ModuleDelivered Interfaces
API abstraction layer
Core Software
Data stores
RDMS API
External applicatio
ns
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Application API exposed to External Applications
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Application Programming Interfaces
Public Interfac
e
Staff Interfa
ce
Reports
ModuleDelivered
Interfaces use proprietary programming
Core Software
Data stores
RDMS API
External applicatio
ns
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From local discovery to Web-scale discovery
New models of Library Collection Discovery
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Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the Web
Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons Google Search / Google Scholar Amazon.com Wikipedia Ask.com
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Evolution of library collection discovery tools
Bound handwritten catalogs Card Catalogs Library online catalogs – OPACs Discovery interfaces Web-scale discovery services
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Moving beyond this…
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The Competition
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Disjointed approach to information and service delivery
Silos Prevail Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal
collections OpenURL linking services E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link
resolver) Local digital collections
ETDs, photos, rich media collections Metasearch engines
All searched separately
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Lack of unified Web presence User’s don’t understand the distinctions
we make Web site content Search interfaces based on content formats Non-library Web sites are much more
unified
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A simple vision
A single point of entry to all the content and services offered by the library
…but with precision, nuanced sophistication, and multiple dimensions
Search:
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Modernized Interface
Single search box Query tools
Did you mean Type-ahead
Relevance ranked results Faceted navigation Enhanced visual displays
Cover art Summaries, reviews,
Recommendation services
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Online Catalog vs. Discovery Layer
Online Catalog Interface
conventions from an earlier Web era
Scope: Tied to the ILS and its content domain
Discovery Layer Modern interface
elements Scope: aims to
address broad range of components that constitute library collections
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Discovery Products
http://www.librarytechnology.org/
discovery.pl
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Decoupled from ILS
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Social discovery
Tags, user-supplied ratings and reviews Leverage social networking interactions to
assist readers in identifying interesting materials: BiblioCommons
Leverage use data for a recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris bX service
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Deep indexing Metadata can no longer serve as the only basis for
discovery Increasing opportunities to search the full contents
Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, government publications, etc.
High-quality metadata will improve search precision Commercial search providers already offer “search
inside the book” and searching across the full text of large book collections
Important transition to full-text book search beginning in library projects HathiTrust indexing 6 million volumes Must become a routine component of library discovery
Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata
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Discovery product Trend
Initial products focused on technology AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VUfind Mostly locally-installed software
Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Summon (Serials Solutions) WorldCat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Primo Central Encore with Article Integration
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Beyond Federated search
Federated Search / Metasearch use real-time queries against multiple information targets
No centralized index – presentation of dynamic results
Shallow results -- only a few results initially fetched from each target
Difficult to calculate relevancy Performance challenges
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Federated Search
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Real-time query and responses
ILS Data
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Discovery Interface
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Real-time query and responses
ILS Data
Local Index
Meta
Search
En
gin
e
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Web-scale Search
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Con
solid
ate
d In
dex
ILS Data
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Web-scale Search + Federated Search
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Con
solid
ate
d
Index
ILS Data
FedSearch Non-
harvestable
Resources
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Beyond local discovery interfaces
Pre-populated indexes Web-scale
Exploits the full depth and breadth of library collections
Beyond the bounds of the local library’s collection
Targets the universe of objective, vetted library content
Includes full-text indexing to the fullest extent possible
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Pre-populated discovery services
New-generation interface Harvested local content
ILS metadata Institutional repositories, ETDs, Digital
Collection platforms Vendor-supplied indexes of library content
E-journals, databases, e-books Full-text and metadata corresponding to e-content
subscriptions Book collections beyond local library collections
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NC
SU
–
Sum
mon
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Phoenix
Public
--
Endeca
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Queens
Public
– A
quaB
row
ser
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The next new front for Library Discovery
Mobile
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Mobile access to library content and services
New opportunity to retain and attract library users
Mobile web and apps Working toward a unified Mobile library
presence Unify disjointed mobile silos the same
ambitions as we have for our the Web
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Sampling of mobile products North Carolina State University
Early work in mobile web development SirsiDynix – BookMyne Polaris Mobile PAC Summon Mobile app LibraryAnywhere from LibraryThing Apps for many content products EBSCOhost Mobile
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NCSU Mobile
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Highly abstracted model of computing Displaces the need for local hardware and
software Provisioned on demand Metered use of storage and computing cycles Platform-as-a-service Storage-as-a-service Emerging model for library discovery and
automation Increasingly dubbed “Web-scale”
Shift toward cloud-based computing platforms
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Library funding cuts widespread Many automation projects on hold Pressure to accept lowest-cost
alternatives rather than higher cost preferred options
Hope that open source software will provide savings
Economic pressure may necessitate innovation
Libraries feel the pain of the economy
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What will the library automation scene look like in 5 years?
Outlook
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Outlook for the next 5 years
Most libraries will be using evolved systems Confidence level: 95og%
Increasing ranks of next-generation LMS 80%
Library resource discovery matures 90%
Mobile 80%
Transition from local to cloud computing 50%
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Questions and discussion
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Thanks!