Bitter and porter - History of British styles
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Transcript of Bitter and porter - History of British styles
Nova runda i Društvo prijatelja UK
Britansko pivarstvo i britanski stilovi - Bitter i Porter
Brief history of brewing in UK
• 4500 BC – First traces of beer in UK• 43 AD – Romans like beer!!!!• 500 AD - Anglo-Saxons came to Great Britain• 1200 – Polluted water• 1400 – Brewing with hops in GB• 1718 – Porter• 1790 – IPA• 1839 – “Bitter rail”
Beer
• Malt/Slad• Yeast/kvasac• Hops/hmelj• Ale (top fermented), Lager (bottom
fermented) = Beer
Brewing
Cask ale
It was this day a twelvemonth since we left England, in consequence of which a peice [sic]
of cheshire cheese was taken from a locker where it had been reservd for this occasion
and a cask of Porter tappd which provd excellently good, so that we livd like English
men and drank the hea[l]ths of our freinds in England.
The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, August 25 1769
First version of Porter
• Need for a hoppy beer in London• First written mention 1760 – Obadiah
Poundage (English brewer since 1690)• Entire (4 mashings) – developed 1718• Butts (longer maturing)• Very dry brown malt (smoked with wooden
branches - cheaper) – 100% of grist• Beer, Mild, Stale
Size of cacks
Myth: Mr. Ralph Harwood
-3 kinds of beverage: ale, beer, twopenny-three threads-entire butt -small brewery, bancrupted 1747
Growth of popularity in lower class
-Fellowship porters-Ticket porters
Second version of Porter
• Sir Humphrey Parsons (Red Lions Brewery)• Huge wooden VATS (better durability, long-term
cost savers, safer???) – first used 1736• Growth of big London Porter brewers• 12 London brewers control 42% of London
Porter production• Maturing for 1 year (Brett infected)• 1750 - Opening of Porter brewhouses across UK
(1764 first Porter brewery in Dublin)
VATS for Porter maturing
October 1814 – London Beer Flood
• Henry Meux’s Horse Shoe brewery • 571 tons VAT• London “rookeries” (slum) – St. Giles• “many were killed suffocated in the crush of hundreds trying
to get a free beer” • “patients already there for illnesses unrelated to the beer
disaster smelled the ale and began a riot, accusing doctors and nurses of holding out on the beer they thought was being served elsewhere in the hospital”
• Act of God
Horse Shoe Brewery and The Rookery
Third version of Porter
• “Stout Porter” phrase emerges• Invention of saccharometer• Combining of pale malt and brown malt• Tax duty – adding substitutes to Beer (Porter)• Industrial revolution – cheaper production
costs
Famous Porters
Fourth version of Porter
• 1817 – patent by Daniel Wheeler• Tax friendly malt • Combining pale malt and black malt (difference
between Irish Porter and London Porter)• Vanishing of “The Porter”• Common practice of mixing “different” styles of
Porter (fresh/mild, stale/old)• Open letter of Charles Barclay• Sales decrease after 1850, fall of London brewers
Black and Brown malt
Porter’s end ?
• Rise of Burton upon Trent• The Biggest London brewers switches to ale• Porter is being made from the same mash• Stronger version of Porter is called Stout• 1872 – no more of “Porter only” breweries• World war 1• World war 2 – killer of Britain’s beer styles
Alfred Barnard, 1889
“Our old Friend porter, with its sombre hue and foaming head, is no longer the pet of fashion, but a bright and sparking bitter, the colour of sherry and the condition of champagne,
carries off the palm”
Impact on other countries
• Ireland• USA• Canada• South Africa• Australia and New Zealand• Russia• India
Imperial Stout
Style revival
Bitter
“I’m getting rather hoarse, I fear,After so much reciting:
So, if you don’t object, my dear, We’ll try a glass of bitter beer”
Lewis Carroll, 1869
Symbol of UK
Thirst for paler and bitter beers
• 1830• 1842 – first mention• Decrease of porter sales• Beer = Porter, Ale = mild• 4 main styles • Truman goes to Burton (PA1 and PA2)• Pale ale = Bitter• No clips
Hand pump clips
Thing of prestige
• 1852 – french affair• Mid and higher classes• Coke in malsters• IPA (India Pale Ale)• Rise of Burton• “Bitter rail”• 1860 – Bitter in every brewery• 1875 – IPA, BA, LBA
Bitters today
NOVA RUNDA CRAFT BREWERY
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