Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of...
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Transcript of Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of...
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Biotechnology
1. Analysis of Clonal DNA
2. DNA Cloning
3. Stem Cells
4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
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DNA Cloning Recombinant DNA
Major tool-restriction enzymes; discovered in late 1960’s, cut DNA at restriction site, highly specific, manufactured by bacteria
Cloning vector-carrier for moving DNA into a cell
http://www.wehi.edu.au/education/wehitv/restriction_enzyme_ecor1/
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Procedure for cloning a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial plasmid
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How to get a eukaryotic gene to function in a prokaryote
Basic problem: introns!! Solution: production of
cDNA (artificially produced
DNA that is made by using reverse transcriptase on a mRNA)
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DNA Libraries
DNA can be cut with restriction enzymes and inserted into plasmids, inserted into bacteria, and stored; whole genome is maintained
cDNA libraries eliminate everything except the genes
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PCR-polymerase chain reaction
Rapid amplification of a piece of DNA Billions of copies in a few hours Used by CSI, Jurassic Park? Prenatal diagnosis
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Gel Electrophoresis
Produces DNA “fingerprints” Separates RFLP’s by using an electrical field Can be used to identify some genetic
diseases Presence of a particular gene Used as genetic markers
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Other Technologies
Hybridization Human Genome Project Physical mapping Sequencing DNA Genome Analysis (DNA sequences, gene
expression, and gene function)
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Cloning Plants
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Cloning Animals-nuclear transplantation
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Stem Cells
Unspecialized cell that can reproduce and differentiate
Types of stem cells
Embryonic stem cells from blastula
Adult stem cells
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Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Disease diagnosis Gene Therapy Pharmaceutical products Forensic uses Environmental applications Agricultural applications
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iRNA
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Videos and Websites
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0302/04.html
http://www.geneticorigins.org/mito/mitoframeset.htm http://genomics.energy.gov/ http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/cycseq.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/
animations/content/pcr.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/
animations/content/plasmidcloning.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html
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Websites and Videos
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pecorino2.html
http://www.dnai.org/index.htm http://people.ibest.uidaho.edu/~etop/vgp/
index.html http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/
restriction.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/
animations.html