Biology  Final  Exam  Review      GENETICS  REVIEW:  Words  to  Know:  

• Phenotype  • Genotype  • Heterozygous  • Homozygous  • Dominant    • Recessive  • Allele  • Gregor  Mendel  • Incomplete  

dominance  • Co-­‐dominance  • DNA  Fingerprinting  • Sex-­‐  linked  diseases  

Know  how  to:  • Use  a  Punnett  Square  • Do  a  monohybrid  cross  • Decipher  a  karyotype  • Do  blood  type  crosses  

   Evolution  Review  Know  the  following  concepts:  How  the  environment  plays  a  role  in  natural  selection  How  organisms  develop  resistance  immunity  How  species  can  become  extinct  (survival  of  the  fittest)  How  evidence  of  common  ancestry  among  groups  is  provided  (anatomical,  molecular,  embryological)  TERMS:    Adaptation      Analogous  structures  Common  ancestor  Charles  Darwin  Camouflage  Competition  Evolution  Fossil  Genetic  variation  Mimicry  Mutation  Natural  selection  Punctuated  Equilibrium  Vestigial  structure  Homologous  structures  

What  are  the  genotypes  in  the  boxes  below?  What  will  the  genotypic  and  phenotypic  ratios  be  if  B  -­‐  Brown  hair  and  b  -­‐  blonde  hair?  

Is  the  karyotype  above  normal  or  abnormal?  If  abnormal,  how  and  what  disease  does  it  cause?  

What  type  of  organism  is  each  of  the  fossils?  Which  is  the  oldest?  

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________        Viruses:  Antibodies  Influenza  Autotrophic  Heterotrophic  HIV    Vaccine  Prokaryote  Bacteria  Eukaryote  White  blood  cells  Capsid(protein  coat)  Immune  system  Resistance    

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________    Ecology  Terms:  Abiotic  Factor     Energy  Pyramid   Predation  Biosphere       Omnivore     Mutualism  Biotic  Factor       Population     Primary  Succession  Carnivore       Species     Parasitism  Carrying  Capacity     Exponential  Growth         Predator  Pioneer  Species     Food  Chain      Commensalism     Food  Web  Community       Host      Competition       Emigration  Consumer       Symbiosis  Decomposer       Habitat  Ecology       Herbivore  Ecosystem       Parasite  Secondary  Succession   Immigration  

• Label  the  pictures  above  as  eukaryotic,  prokaryotic,  or  neither.    

• If  eukaryotic,  what  type  of  eukaryote?  If  prokaryotic,  what  type?  If  neither,  what  is  it?  

Using  the  table  above,  make  a  Venn  diagram  on  the  back  comparing  and  contrasting  a  cell  and  a  virus.  

What  viral  reproductive  cycle  is  represented  above?  Label  each  step  shown  and  describe  what’s  happening.  

Understand  how  a  food  web  works.    

Be  able  to  make  conclusion(s)  about  succession  diagrams  like  the  one  above  

         

           

                                   

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________    Classification  Review:  Be able to list the eight levels of taxonomic categories from largest category to smallest category.

List the English and Latin names of kingdoms and be able to provide examples of each.

Know the characteristics which identify the 6 kingdoms.

Know which kingdoms have prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Be able to explain how organisms are related to other organisms by looking at their taxonomic

categories.

Be able to recognize which organisms are most closely related in a phylogenic tree.

Know the following terms Animalia

Archaebacteria

Autotroph

According to the phylogenetic tree below, which organism is most closely related to another?  

According to the table, which two types of animals are most similar?  

Describe  the  trophic  levels  in  the  food  web  above.  Carnivores?  Omnivores?  Herbivores?    

Binomial nomenclature

Class

Domain

Eubacteria

Eukaryote

Family

Fungi

Genus

Heterotroph

Invertebrate

Kingdom

Multicellular

Order

Phylum

Plantae

Protista

Scientific name

Species

Taxonomy

Unicellular

Vertebrate

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Body  Systems:    Review  all  body  systems  from  your  notes,  including  their  functions,  major  parts  and  relationships  they  have  with  each  other.