Biology 200A:Human Anatomy & Physiology

Biology 200A:Human Anatomy & Physiology

Instructor:Khalil Khollesi

Lecture: MWF 11-11:50Office Hrs: MW, 11:50 – 12:40 PMRoom: BS 120Phone: (323) 343-2050email: kkholle@yahoo.com

Course DescriptionCourse Description

• A two-quarter course, with required lab section

• Designed for non-science majors (not for pre-med

students)

• This quarter: anatomical terminology, structure &

function of cells & tissues, basic biochemical &

metabolic pathways, and the integumentary,

skeletal, muscular, digestive, and urinary systems.• Required textbook: Anatomy and Physiology, fifth edition, R. Seeley, T.D. Stephens and P. Tate• Grading on curve with plus/minus system

Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives

The objectives of the course are:

• to gain a detailed knowledge of the structure and function of the human body;

• to appreciate the relationships between structure and function; and

• to understand how various cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together to maintain body function.

Lectures for Download and PrintingLectures for Download and Printing

• There is a web page available for the course containing the Powerpoint lecture slides. A short and long version of the lectures are posted with the short version containing only text.

• You can find the Bio 200A Home Page at: http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/kkholle

• Access the WWW through the Netscape software program available on computers throughout campus.

• To obtain an NIS computer access account, go to the Academic Technology Support Office, King Hall D149

GradingGrading

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M is s e d e x a m s m u s t h a v e a v a lid w ritte n e x c u s e . N o m a k e u p e x a m s ! Y o u m u s t ta k e th e fi n a l to re c e iv e a g ra d e in th e c o u rs e . G ra d in g is b a s e d o n th e c la s s c u rv e , E X C E P T T H A T Y O U M U S T h a v e a t le a s t 3 1 5 p o in ts to p a s s th e c o u rs e .

Lecture Quizzes

• Come to lecture. Bring paper, pencil/pen, ID.

• Take a graded “minute quiz”

• Earn up to 2 points per lecture quiz (most lectures)

Enrollment

• Enrollment is handled in lab sections only.

• You must be enrolled in a lab to enroll in the course.

• You must attend and take exams in the lab you are enrolled in!

• Open Enrollment students: enroll after second week of the quarter, if space permits.

What are characteristics of living things?What are characteristics of living things?

• Growth: an increase in size through increase in the number or size of their cells

• Reproduction: the ability to produce offspring

• Movement: either internal or through the environment

• Responsiveness: the ability to sense changes in the environment and react accordingly

• Metabolism: the construction or break-down of substances involved in energy production

Anatomy: The Study of StructureAnatomy: The Study of Structure

• Microscopic Anatomy (histology and cytology): The study of tissues and

cells.• Gross Anatomy: The study of

structures visible to the unaided eye.

• Approach: Systemic vs. Regional

Systemic: by system Regional: by area

Levels of Organization Levels of Organization

Subcellular: Molecular (atoms, molecules), organelles

Cellular Tissue

Organ System/Organism

Physiology: The Study of FunctionPhysiology: The Study of Function

- Nervous System - Muscular System - Skeletal System - Respiratory System - Cardiovascular System - Endocrine System - Integumentary System - Immune, digestive, and

reproductive systems

Basic Concepts in PhysiologyBasic Concepts in Physiology

Homeostasis: The maintenance of constant environment in the body (temperature, chemical composition).

The loss of homeostasis leads to disease and/or death!

Feedback Mechanisms: Maintain homeostasis through detection of environmental conditions and appropriate adjustments.

Anatomy: The Basic Body PlanAnatomy: The Basic Body Plan

• The body is a three dimensional, bilaterally symmetrical object.

• The body is organized as a trunk with hollow tube inside (GI tract), and attached appendages (arms, legs, head).

Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position

Anatomical terms are used in reference to the body in anatomical position:

- Body is erect, with feet together

- Head and toes are pointed forward.

-Arms are at side, with palms forward.

Directional TermsDirectional Terms

-superior vs. inferior(Cephalic vs. caudal)

-anterior vs. posterior(ventral vs. dorsal)

-medial vs. lateral

-proximal vs. distal

-superficial vs. deep

Terminology of three dimensional planesTerminology of three dimensional planes

- sagittal sections: separate left from right

- frontal/coronal sections: separate anterior from posterior

- transverse/horizontal sections: separate superior from inferior

Regions of the BodyRegions of the Body

Appendicular Regions: arm, forearm, wrist, hand, thigh, leg, ankle, foot

Axial Regions: head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis

Terminology of Body CavitiesTerminology of Body Cavities

Dorsal Cavity: Brain, spinal cord

Ventral Cavity: - thoracic - pleural cavities (lungs) - pericardial (heart) - abdomino-pelvic - abdominal (GI tract) - pelvic (reproductive

organs)

MINUTE QUIZ!MINUTE QUIZ!

• The stomach is located in theThe stomach is located in the

a) thoracic cavitya) thoracic cavity

b) dorsal cavityb) dorsal cavity

c) abdominal cavityc) abdominal cavity

d) pelvic cavityd) pelvic cavity

Correct!

Terminology of Linings of Ventral CavityTerminology of Linings of Ventral Cavity

• The thoracic and abdominal cavities and their contents are lined with thin serous membranes, which secrete fluid for lubrication.

• The serous membranes covering the walls of the cavities are called parietal serous membranes.

• Serous membranes covering the organs are called visceral serous membranes.

Terminology of Linings of Ventral CavityTerminology of Linings of Ventral Cavity

• The serous lining of the pleural cavity is called the pleural membrane, or pleura.

• The serous lining of the pericardial cavity is called the pericardial membrane, or pericardium.

• The serous lining of the abdominal cavity is called the peritoneal membrane, or peritoneum.

Remember that for each of these, there is a parietal part and a visceral part.

Next Lecture..... ..... Next Lecture..... .....

The Cell: Structure, Function and Replication