BIOL 2041 Energy: Consumption and Sources Chapters 9 and 10.

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Energy: Consumption and Sources Chapters 9 and 10

Transcript of BIOL 2041 Energy: Consumption and Sources Chapters 9 and 10.

Page 1: BIOL 2041 Energy: Consumption and Sources Chapters 9 and 10.

Energy: Consumption and Sources

Chapters 9 and 10

Page 2: BIOL 2041 Energy: Consumption and Sources Chapters 9 and 10.

A brief history of energy

• In the beginning……• Here comes the sun• Wood and muscle• Fossil fuels (they ain’t makin’ any more of it)

– Industrial Revolution– Coal, oil, natural gas

• The future– Renewable energy sources– Cleaner energy sources

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Economics

• Modern economies– More industry more energy

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Ecological Foot Print

Cultural Development

Per capita energy use (MJ/day)

Foraging 20

Prim. Agriculture 48

Ad. Agriculture 104

Industrial 308

Ad. Industrial 1025

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Economics

• Modern economies– More industry more energy– Cheap, easy-to-handle, efficient fuel– Cars

• The price of oil (~$50/barrell)

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How is energy used?

• Residential

• Industrial

• Transportation

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Alternate fuel vehicles

• Hybrid Electric Vehicles– Electric – disadvantages– Gasoline – disadvantages– Merge in HEV

• Alternate fuels– Compressed Natural Gas– Methanol– Hydrogen– Propane

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China

• Far more fuel efficient per capita

• Rapidly industrializing

• Potential for tremendous strain on world fuel reserves

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Fuel Sources

• Non-renewable resources

• Renewable resources

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Trends and OPEC

• Know the historical trends (pg. 185-191)

• 75% of the world’s oil reserves– 60% in Middle East

• Power of OPEC– Disunity– Other nations– Foreign policy

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Resources and reserves

• Resource (Fig. 10.2)– Naturally occurring substance that can

potentially be extracted

• Reserve– Know deposits from which materials can be

extracted profitably with existing technology under certain economic conditions

• Hibernia• Tar sands

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Production, Consumption, and Reserves

Fuel Canadian Production

Reserves Reserve Life

Coal (106

tonne)75.1 8623 114

Oil (106 m3) 128.4 1448 11

Natural Gas (109 m3)

160.5 1809 11

Freedman 2004

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Potential Petroleum Reserves

• What is left?

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Non-renewable Sources

• Formation (text 197-198)• Coal (mining)

– environmental– Health and safety– Acid deposition

• Petroleum (crude oil)– Extraction – less damage– Less pollution– Harder to find

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History of leaded gasoline

• How old is the earth?– Clair Patterson

• Tetraeythl lead– Neuro-toxin– Eythl Gasoline

• Lead in atmosphere coincides with leaded gasoline

• Unleaded gas (1986 US, 1990 Canada)

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Non-renewable Sources

• Coal (24%)

• Petroleum (crude oil – 40 %)

• Natural Gas (27%)– Extraction similar to oil– Difficult to transport– Least environmentally damaging

• Burning of all fuels -> Carbon Dioxide -> global warming

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Renewable Sources

• Cost-effective?• Types

– Hydroelectric– Tidal– Geothermal (housing)– Wind– Solar

• new break through

– Biomass conversion

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Nuclear Energy

Chapter 11

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Overview

• History

• Cost/benefit

• Dangers/disposal

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History

• Atomic bomb– Splitting of atoms– Atoms for peace

• Three Mile Island and Chernobyl

• Phasing out

• Nuclear fusion– Fusing of atoms

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Costs/benefits

• Benefits– 7% of world’s energy– Clean in the short-term

• Costs– Radiation– Thermal pollution– decommissioning

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Waste Disposal

• What to do with transuranic waste?– Political problems– Geological problems– Transport problems

• Yucca Mountain