Biography of Hazarat Mohammad Pbuh

7/27/2019 Biography of Hazarat Mohammad Pbuh

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Brief History of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww)

You have indeed in the Messenger of Allah (swt) a beautiful pattern (of conduct) (33:21)

We were once lost in the gloom of ignorancePlunged deep in the heart of unawarenessWorshipping dumb idols made of stone

"Who would resurrect us, flesh and bone?"

We would shed blood for petty reasonsRemaining in war throughout the seasons

We would bury baby girls, no mercy did we feelNothing seemed cruel to those hearts of steel

And just when it seemed that we were doomedIn front of our eyes our destruction loomed

Allah, the Merciful and the AlmightySent us Mohemmed (saww), Guidance, a Mercy

22 April, 571 A.D / 12th

Rabi-ul-Awwal, 1st

year of the Elephant:

Khatm-al-Anbiya (The Seal of Prophecy) was born in Makkah. The blessed being made his

appearance from the person of Sayyida Amina (RA) who diverted totally the very stream ofhuman history who uplifted humanity from the lowest pit of degradation and raised it to thezenith of glory and grandeur who heralded a new message of peace and prosperity for thesuffering people and bestowed upon them a panacea for all pains and ills. He was namedMOHEMMEDthe Praised one or he who is glorified. The new-born was of the BanuHashim clan of the Quraysh and orphaned before birth. His father Hazrat Abdullah (RA) haddied before his birth. According to the custom of Arab noblemen, infants were given into thecharge of Bedouin women who suckle and nourish the infants. This blessed child entrusted toHazrat Halima Sadia (RA) for nourishing.

576 A.D:

He was five years old when Hazrat Halima Sadia (RA) returned him to his mother SayyidaAmina (RA)
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577 A.D:

He was six years old when his mother Sayyida Amina (RA) taken him to Madina for a visit. Shewanted him to see the grave of his father. It was a long journey, when they returned andencamped at a place named Abwa, Sayyida Amina (RA) fell ill and in a few days she was died.

In this strange and lonely place, young Mohemmed (saww) saw the last agonies of the nearestand the best-loved person he knew, with no one to share his baffled and piercing grief, except aslave girl named Hazrat Umm-e-Aiman (RA).The blessed child was fatherless when he left on

this journey and motherless when he returned.

577 A.D:

After the burial of Sayyida Amina (RA), Hazrat Umm-e-Aiman (RA) returned youngMohemmed (saww) to his grandfather. Abdul Muttalib took the responsibility of his grandson.

579 A.D:

He was only eight years old when his grandfather died. After his grandfathers death, his uncleAbu Talib became his guardian. In later years, he was brought up by his uncle.

583 A.D:

At the age of twelve, he went to Syria for trade along with his uncle. He was then growing upand had begun to look at men and things around with a curious and observant eye. In later years,Abu Talib trained him to be a merchant. With the passage of time, he established himself as aman of high moral status and a trustworthy trader, thus he come to be known as Al-Sadiq (the

truthful one) & Al-Ameen (the trusted one)

590 A.D:

At the age of twenty, He took part Harb-ul-Fijar (Sacrilegious War) between the Quraysh andBanu Qais lan over a trade conflict. He took part in that war on behalf of Quraysh.

590 A.D:

Four months after Harb-ul-Fijar (Sacrilegious War) a peace treaty called Hulf-ul-Fudul (oath ofvirtue or the pact of chivalry) was renewed by Quraysh aimed protection of trade caravanspassing Makkah, being supported by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww).


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March, 595 A.D / Zilhaj:

At the age of twenty five, he became the business partner of Sayyida Khadija (RA) a wealthy andprestigious lady of Makkah. She requested him to take her trade articles of merchandise to Syriaand he accepted this offer. His visit to Syria proved very successful. Sayyida Khadija (RA) wasso stuck by his good sense, his honesty and his blameless ways that she proposed him by herclose friend named Nafeesa. He accepted her proposal after the consultation with his uncle.

September, 595A.D:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Khadeja (RA). He was twenty five then andSayyida Khadeja (RA) was forty. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) had now a home of his own and nofurther worries regarding his living. Sayyida Khadeja (RA) played a vital role in prophets life;

she was honored to be the first wife of the prophet and during her life time, the only one. (Shespent 25 years with prophet) she bore Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) two sons named SayyidnaQasim and Sayyidna Abdullah (who both died in infancy) and four daughters named SayyidaZainab (RA) Sayyida Ruqayya (RA) Sayyida Umm-e Kulsoom and Sayyida Fatima (RA).

598 A.D:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) begun to spend long hours in solitary meditation into a cave he hadfound in mountain of Hira nearby. Here he pondered and meditated in long and lonely vigils. Hisperiods of loneliness became more frequent and his vigils lengthened as he approached the ageof forty.

599A.D:

At the age of twenty eight, the first baby was born who was named Qasim (RA). This child diedin infancy.

600A.D:

At the age of thirty, his first daughter Sayyida Zainab (RA) was born.

603A.D:

At the age of thirty three, his second daughter Sayyida Ruqayya (RA) was born.


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604A.D:

At the age of thirty four, his third daughter Sayyida Umm-e-Kulsoom (RA) was born.

605A.D:

At the age of thirty five, he took part in rebuilding ofKhana-e-kaaba and settled a quarrel over

the placing ofHajar-e-Aswad (Black stone) and saved Quraysh from a certain blood shed. Fortheir idolatry and pagan customs, the Arabs still revered the Kaaba as the holy of holies. In theKaaba there is a black stone held to be particularly sacred. When they decided to rebuild Kaaba,there was furious wrangling over the Hajar-e-Aswad (Black stone) whoever was chosen to put itback into its place in the structure, it was felt, would acquire a pride and precedence that wouldhumble all competitors. Every chief of Quraysh therefore, claimed the honour. The quarrelwaxed hot and bloodshed seemed imminent. At last they asked Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) toarbitrate and settle the issue among them. He spread out his wrap on the earth, placed the holystone in the middle and asked all the claimants to lift the wrap and carry it to the Kaaba. Then hepicked up the Hajar-e-Aswad (Black stone) himself and fixed it in its place. Thus muchbloodshed was avoided.

605A.D:

At the age of thirty five, his fourth daughter Sayyida Fatima (RA) was born.

12 February 610A.D / Ramadan-ul-Mubarak:

The beginning of the Prophets mission; at the age of forty, he began to receive the revelation ofQuran in a cave (Hira) at the summit of a mountain (Jabal-e-Noor) outside Makkah. Where theprophet (saww) was engaged in meditation on one of the last nights of the month of HolyRamadan, Gabriel (A.S) appeared to him with the first revelation the beginning of verse 96:

Proclaim! (Or read!) In the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created,

Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood,

Proclaim! (Or read!) And thy Lord is Most Bountiful,

He who taught (the use of) the pen,

Taught man that which he knew not. (96:1-5)


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Gabriel (A.S) disappeared then and Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) came home, strangely troubled,and said to his wife:

Cover me up, Khadeja, cover me up!

After a while, he became calmer and spoke his wife of the divine commendments revealed tohim. Sayyida Khadija (RA) comforted him:

Fear not, my noble one, but rejoice.

God will not forsake you in this affair nor expose you to shame.

For you are good and kind a truthful. You are hospitable to the passing stranger;

You aid and comfort the poor and the lowly, and support the virtuous in righteousdeeds.

Sayyida Khadija (RA), without a moments hesitation, accepted the truth of his words. She thusbecame the first to believe that the prophet (saww) had indeed been charged with a divinemission, followed by Sayyidna Ali (RA) his cousin, and Hazrat Zayd b. Harith (RA) his freedservant. The first convert from outside the family circle was Sayyidna Abu Bakr (RA) arespected merchant and best friend of Mohemmed (saww). After this, quietly and unobtrusively,Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) went round preaching, relating to whomsoever would listen or

seemed likely to accept, the message and the commandments he had received. Thus three yearspassed. These three years produced only forty followers for his faith. These forty are known asAl-Sabiqun-al-Awwalun (the First and foremost)

614 A.D / 4th

Nabawi:

At the beginning of the fourth year of revelation, Devine message came:

And admonish thy nearest kinsmen (26:214)

To act upon this Devine order, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) arranged a feast in which he invitedhis family members, his clan Banu Hashim. The feast is to be known as Dawah-Dhul-Asheerah(the feast of the nearest kinsmen). At the end of this feast, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) declared


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By and large the people of Makkah did not pay any heed to his call and refused to give it toomuch importance. They dismissed his sermon as the passing whim of a temporarily obsessed.

614 A.D / 4th

Nabawi:

At the age of forty four, his second son was born who was named Abdullah or Tahir (RA). Hedied in infancy.

615A.D / Rajab, 5th Nabawi:

Islam attracted some support but provoked a great deal of hostility from infidels who felt theirinterests threatened. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) observed the cruelties and hardships visited onhis followers. At last he advised his followers to leave their homes and migrate to Abyssinia(Modern-day Ethiopia). Nijashi (Negus) The king of Abyssinia of that time was very merciful

and upright; he permitted Muslims to stay in his country and to perform their religious ritesaccording to their belief, despite attempts by infidels of Makkah to turn him against the Muslims.

615A.D / 5th Nabawi:

Two notable chiefs of Quresh, Sayyidna Hamza (RA) and Sayyidna Umar (RA), embracedIslam. The day Sayyidna Umar (RA) did so, the Muslims felt so elated that they offered theirprayers openly and in congregation.

616A.D / 6th Nabawi:

When the infidels of Makkah felt that they were unable to stop the progress of Islam, the triballeaders of Quraysh put their heads together and finally they decided upon a scheme. Theyshowed the unity against prophets clan Banu Hashim and banned the whole family. They drewup a joint proclamation and hung it upon the walls of Kaaba. It read,

It has been agreed that henceforth no one in Makkah shallhave any dealings or transact any business with Mohemmed b.

Abdullah, his family or his followers. No one shall sell food to

them nor visit them, nor converse with them. This ban will

continue until Banu Hashim hand him over to us to be treated

as he deserves.


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This social boycott was so rigidly enforced that Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and his followerswere forced to leave the town and find shelter in a nearby valley called Shib-e- Abi Talib (valleyof Abu Talib). This boycott continued for three years.

619A.D / 10 Nabawi:

Finally, the social boycott came to an end, and Muslims, along with the prophet Mohemmed(saww) returned back to the Makkah.

619A.D / 10 Nabawi:

Immediately after the end of social boycott, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) experienced the bitterphase of his life when Abu Talib his loving and beloved uncle and protector, head of BanuHashim died. In the same year, a few weeks later, Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww)beloved wife,Sayyida Khadeja (RA) also passed away after a tender and faithful association of twenty-fiveyears. Thus Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) lost two of his best beloved and nearest ones within theshort span of a few days. So this year came to be known as Aam-ul-Huzn (the Year of sorrow)

619A.D / 10 Nabawi:

At the age of forty nine, he married Sayyida Sawdah (RA) aged thirty-five; the widow of a latecompanion of Prophet Mohemmed (saww) named Hazrat Sakran b.Amr (RA).

619 A.D / 10 Nabawi:

Mohemmed (saww) married the daughter of Abu Bakr (RA), Sayyida Ayesha (RA). She was tobe the Prophets favorite wife, and a presence that kindled his intuition and sense of spiritualimmense. Sayyida Ayesha (RA) had a sound knowledge of Hadith and Sunnah thats whytowards the end of her life; she was often consulted on matters of Hadith and Sunnah.

619A.D / 10 Nabawi:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) went to Taif (a town, sixty miles away from Makkah) for preaching,the people of Taif treated him even more brutally than did the people of Makkah. They set their

bullies and street urchins after him, who abused and mocked him and pelted him with stones.Wounded and hurt, his shoes filled with the blood dripping from his cloths, he took shelter in anorchard and sitting under the shade of a tree. His greatness lies in the fact, instead to curse thepeople of Taif, he asked Allah (swt) to forgive them.

620A.D / 10 Nabawi:


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On the return journey from Taif, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) recited the Quran at night inNakhlah (Oasis) seven passing Jinn (Genie) stopped and listened.

22 March, 620 A.D / 27th

Rajab, 10 Nabawi:

The incident of Mairaj (A Sacred Night journey) took place in which the prophet was taken inone night from Makkah to Jerusalem, mounted on the steed Al-Buraq (the miraculous steed)

brought to him by the Angel Gabriel (A.S) From the temple Mount the prophet accompanied byGabriel (A.S) ascends to the Divine Presence.

22 March, 620 A.D / 27th

Rajab, 10 Nabawi:

The same night (at Mairaj) five Ritual prayers were made incumbent on Muslims which must beperformed at five appointed times each days.

620A.D / 10 Nabawi:

Six pilgrims of the tribe of Khazraj of Yathrib (Madina) belong to an agricultural community tothe north, came to Makkah. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) preached them and later on they acceptedIslam.

621A.D / 11 Nabawi:

The first Aqabah covenant (oath of allegiance) took place. Twelve men of the tribes of Khazrajand Aws came in the presence of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and took the oath of allegiance.

622A.D / 12 Nabawi:

The second Aqabah covenant (oath of allegiance) occurred. Seventy two men came in thepresence of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and accepted Islam. They pledged to defend the Prophetand promised to be with Islamic Movement whatever the circumstances will be.

12 September, 622 A.D / 27th

Safar.ul.Muzaffar, 13Nabawi:

At the age of fifty two, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) decided to migrate from Makkah to Madina.The position of Muslims had become untenable, but they were saved by an invitation form the

people of Yathrib, who wanted Mohemmed (saww) to come and arbitrate in the feuds the rackedtheir community. At last Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) left for Madina accompanied by Sayyidna


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Abu Bakr (RA). During this journey they took shelter in a cave called Saur, some distance fromMakkah. For three days they hide in the cave, the pursuers hovering around. One day a bandcame so near the mouth of the cave that their voices could be distinctly heard inside. SayyidnaAbu Bakr (RA), greatly troubled in heart, said to Prophet Mohemmed (saww):

There are onlytwo of us and they are many. What if we are discovered?.

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) replied,

Fear not, there are not two of us but three, and the third amongst us is God.

16 September, 622 A.D / 1st

Rabi-ul-Awwal 13th

Nabawi:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and his companion Sayyidna Abu Bakr (RA) left the cave Saur andleft for Madina.

27 September, 622 A.D / 12th

Rabi-ul-Awwal 1st

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) arrived at the city of Madina. He was accorded a red carpet welcomeby the people of Yathrib; when the Holy prophet entered the city, the daughters of the Ansar(helpers) welcomed him with the recitation of these words;

Tala-ul-badr-u-Alaina-min-saniyyat-el-wadaaie

(The moon has shone upon us from the two hills of Widaa)

The name of the town was changed to Madina, the city of prophet (saww) There he delivered hisfirst Friday sermon and led the prayer. The year in which the migration from Makkah to Madina

took place was a turning point of prophets life and milestone of Islamic history called hijrah.The hijrah marked the beginning of the Muslim era and the beginning of Islamic calendar aswell.

622A.D / 1st Hijri:


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Masjid-e-Quba (Mosque of the Quba) was built at three miles away from Madina. Quba infect avillage outside Madina where the prophet first arrived after his migration from Makkah, and herehe built a mosque later known as Masjid-ul-Taqwa (the mosque of Reverence). This isconsidered to be the first mosque in Islam.

622A.D / 1st Hijri:

Beginning of Azan (the call to prayer); in addition to the call, mosques would display a whiteflag as a signal that the prayer was being called, at night, a lamp was lit on the top of the minaretto serve the same purpose.

622A.D / 1st Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) set a relationship between Muhajriin (Refugees of Makkah) andAnsar (Citizens of Madina or Helpers). This is to be known as Muakhat. In fact most of theMuhajriin (Refugees of Makkah) were prosperous and well-to-do, but now they were all equally

destitute. As a preliminary step, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) enjoined the Ansar (Citizens ofMadina or helpers) to adopt as brothers their co-religionists namely Muhajriin (Refugees ofMakkah) to share with them like their own kith and kin whatever they possessed, in prosperityand in want. These bonds endured and Muhajriin were soon absorbed into the community.

622A.D / 1st Hijri:

Masjid-e-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) started to build in Madina. It is the second mostvenerable mosque in Islam, after the Masjid-ul.Haram (the grand Mosque of Makkah). The first

mosque on the site of todays structure was supported by the trunks of standing palm trees thathad grown there, and Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) himself worked on its construction. In its time,Masjid-e-Nabawi was the principal mosque in Islam, where the prophet spent much of his timewith his companions.

623A.D / 1st Hijri:

In Madina there was a large Jewish population with whom Hazrat Mohemmed (saww)negotiated an agreement in order to adjust their relation with his followers. This is to be known

as Mithaq-e-Madina (Charter of Madina). The salient features of that agreement were as follows:

* Every tribe and clan would manage its affairs and settle its

own disputes according to its own law.* No party in Madina, either Muslim or Jewish would directly

negotiate any treaty or agreement at any time with any outside

party rising beyond the precincts of Madina.


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* In case of war out side Madina no citizen of Madina would be

compelled to join either of the warring parties.* In all disputes in Madina, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) would

be the final arbitrating authority.

623A.D / 1st Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) was privileged the right through divine revelation to fight fordefensive reasons.

623A.D / 1st Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the very first battle of Islamic history, named Viden.

623A.D / 1st Hijri:

Battle ofSawwan took place.

623A.D / 1st Hijri:

Battle ofDhul-Asheerah took place.

624A.D: / 1st Hijri:

Hazrat Salman Farsi, the Persian (RA) embraced Islam.

16 March, 624 A.D / 17 Ramadan-ul-Mubarak, 2nd

Hijri:

The battle of Badr was fought. Badr a valley lies 90 miles away to the south of Madina, wherethat battle took place, after the name of that valley (the battle front) the battle is to be known as

the battle of Badr. It was the first major encounter with infidels and Hazrat Mohemmed(saww) led the 313 devotees. That was a milestone not only in the Islamic history but also in theworld history, when a Small army of just three hundred Muslims defeated a strong force of morethan one thousand infidels of Makkah. That was the battle in which Angles led by Gabriel (A.S)joined the Muslims. That was the battle in which notable chiefs of Quraysh and bitter enemies ofIslam like Ut,ba, Shai,ba, Waleed, Umayyah and Abu-Jahl (father of ignorance, the worstenemy of Islam) were put to death by a small but an enthusiastic Muslim army. Abu-Jahls deathwas an exemplary event of that battle when he was put to death by two young boys of Madina,


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named Ma,uz and Ma,az. At the beginning of the battle Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) threw ahandful of pebbles at the infidels of Makkah, saying:

Abased be those faces.

A later revelation of Quran said that:

It was not he, but Allah (swt) who threw (8:17)

Another secret of the victory of Muslim force lies in the fact that they fought as a disciplinedbody with an order of battle. To this the Quran says:

Allah (swt) loves those who fight in Allahs (swt) way in ranks (61:4)

The Muslim casualties were fourteen, those of the infidels seventy among few bitter enemies ofIslam were killed, the rest being held for ransom. The battle amounted to be an astonishingvictory for the Muslims, and that gained them political credibility for their cause among othertribes and soon they emerged as one of the strong forces of the world.

624 A.D / 2nd

Hijri:

The fasting of the month of Ramadan was made mandatory on Muslims. The prophet (saww)recommended fasting as a spiritual discipline.

February, 624A.D / 2nd Hijri:

During the prayer, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) got the revelation of changing the direction ofprayer from Jerusalem to Makkah and congregation followed the suit, so Makkah was declaredas new Qiblah (Prayer Direction) for Muslims. The mosque where the Prophet turned towardsMakkah during the prayers is now called Masjid-ul-Qiblatain (Mosque of the two prayerdirection)


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624 A.D / 2nd

Hijri:

Battle ofBehrain took place.

625 A.D / 3rd

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Hafsah (RA) the 21 year-old daughter of SayyidnaUmar (RA). She was the widow of Hazrat Khunays (RA), who had martyred in a battle.

21 March, 625 A.D / 6th

Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 3rd Hijri:

Battle ofUhud took place. Uhud on the western outskirts of Madina is a hill with a plainstretching before it. Infidels of Makkah were gathered there to avenge their defeat at Badr. Onthe morning of the battle 300 men of Muslim force under Abdullah b. Ubayy (the leader of the

hypocrites faction in Madina) deserted the prophet as the troops rode out of the city, leaving theMuslims only 700 strong. Nevertheless, the Muslims were close to victory when forty archerswhom Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) had stationed on the hill to remain there and guard the flank,saw that the Muslims were wining, most of them abandoned their post, this left the way open fora counter-attack by a detachment of the infidels cavalry. The ten Muslim archers who hadremained faithful to their orders proved too small number to hold the cavalry and were cut down.Caught by the break through of the infidels cavalry, Muslim force was routed and the prophet

(saww) himself was wounded momentarily knocked unconscious. The rumor of prophets deathcaused the infidels to withdraw thinking the battle won. When the infidels learned that theprophet had survived it was too late to launch a counter-attack.

In this battle Sayyidna Hamzah (RA) b. Abdul Muttalib an uncle of the prophet and one ofIslams most formidable warriors, was martyred speared by a slave named wahshi. Hind,daughter of a slain chief of Quaish at Badr, thirsting to revenge her father and her kinsman killedat Bard, had set her slave to this exploit with promises of reward. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww)greatly mourned Sayyidna Hamzah (RA), foremost of the martyrs of Uhud.

625A.D / 3rd Hijri:

Battle ofHamar-ul-Asad took place.

625 A.D / 3rd

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Zainab b. Khuzaymah (RA), a widow of HazratUbaydah (RA), who had martyred in the battle of Badr. She was known as the Umm-ul- Masakin(the mother of the poor) for her generosity. She died not long after the marriage.


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625 A.D / 4th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslims in the battle of Banu Nadeyr.

625 A.D / 4th

Hijri:

Wine was declared prohibited in Islam.

625 A.D / 4th

Hijri:

Battle ofDat-ul-Rajee took place.

625 A.D / 4th Hijri:

Battle ofDat-ul-Raqa took place.

625 A.D / 4th

Hijri:

Battle ofBeir-e-Mauna took place.

626 A.D / 4th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Umm-e-Salmah (RA) the widow of Hazrat AbuSalmah (RA), who had martyred in the battle of Uhud.

626 A.D / 4th

Hijri:

Battle ofBadr-ul-Ukhra took place.

626 A.D / 5th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslims in the battle ofDaumat-ul-Jandal.


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626 A.D / 5th

Hijri:

Battle ofBanu Mustaliq took place.

626 A.D / 5th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Juwayriyyah b.Harith (RA) daughter of the chief of

the Banu Mustailq, who thus became allied to the prophet (saww).

627 A.D / 5th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Hazrat Zainab b. Jahash (RA), the divorced wife of his freedman Hazrat Zayd b. Harith (RA).


The order of observing Pardah (The covering of the head, face and body by women in public)was revealed.

23 March, 627 A.D / 28th

Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 5th Hijri:

Madina is besieged by infidels of Makkah: Battle ofKhandaq (the Trench) also called Ahzab(War of the Confederates) took place. The Quraysh had made an alliance with certain desert

tribes, the Bannu-Ghatafan and Jews of Banu Nadir who had emigrated from Madina to Khyber.Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) ordered his devotees a defensive trench to be dug around Madina, astrong hitherto completely unknown to the Arabs but used by the Sassanid (people of Persia) itwas Salman Farsi, the Persian, who gave the idea to the prophet, the trench took six days offeverish work to dig only a week before the attack. Army of the infields cavalry was stopped by

the trench, they attempted to cross the trench but not succeeded, the attackers laid siege for twoweeks. At last the Quraysh abandoned the siege and left precipitously the most notable casualtyon the Muslim side was Hazrat Saad b. Muadh, chief of one of the clans of the tribe of Aws.


Battle ofBanu Quraiza took place.

627 A.D / 6th

Hijri:


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Battle ofBanu Liyhan took place.

March, 628A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah, 6th Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with infidels of Makkah. Byvirtue of The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the infidels of Makkah had to agree to compromise withthe Muslims. Though, few terms of that treaty were seemed completely against the Muslims

interests but for the long run point of view, they were in favor of Islam and prophet (saww) knewit. Afterwards, the glad tiding of a manifest Victory was revealed which confirmed the prophets(saww) vision and sagacity:

Verily, we have granted thee a manifest Victory (48:1)

Hudaybiyyah is a place on the road from Jeddah to Makkah; just outside the Haram (restrictedprecinct) Here Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) stopped and awaited the outcome of events whenprevented from making the pilgrimage by the infidels of Makkah. A Quranic revelation (48:27)

declared the Prophet would pray at Makkah. He set out to perform pilgrimage at Makkah with aparty of about 1000 men unarmed and in Iharam (pilgrim dress). The Quraysh stopped the partyat Hudaybiyyah, about ten miles from Makkah. Sayyidna Uthman (RA) was sent to negotiatewith infidels when he did not return at the expected time, many thought that he had been killedor captured and that all was lost. In this moment of peril, the prophets followers individuallymade a new oath of fealty to the prophets known as Bait-ur-Ridwan (the pact of felicity).Sayyidna Mohemmed (saww) himself represented the absent Sayyidna Uthman (RA) by proxy inthis oath. Sayyidna Uthman (RA) returned with some infidels. The Quraysh agreed to a truce,the peace of Hudaybiyah. Underthe conditions of this treaty the prophet would be allowed tomake the pilgrimage not then but in the following year. Makkah would be emptied for three daysfor the Muslim pilgrims. The peace also stipulated a truce for ten years, that those who were not

free but subjects or dependents of the Quraysh and who defected from the pagans to the Muslimwould be returned to the Quraysh by the Muslims, whereas those who were subject to theMuslims and who defected from the Muslims to the Quraysh would not be returned by theQuraysh. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) performed the pilgrimage the following year. Thetestimony of faith declaring that there is no god but Allah (swt) and Mohemmed (saww) is themessenger of Allah (swt) rang out in the valley of Makkah. The Quraysh camped on the hill ofAbu Qubays, heard it, a portent of the coming triumph of Islam. Other effects were equally far-reaching. The desert tribes had seen the infidels of Makkah dealing with the Hazrat Mohemmed(saww) as an equal and as a sovereign, and many turned to the new religion. Shortly thereafter,in the year 630 taking an incident between an allied tribe and the infidels of Makkah as a breachof the truce, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) marched upon Makkah and conquered it, meeting

almost no resistance.

628 A.D / 6th

Hijri:

Marriage with infidels declared forbidden through divine revelation.


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628 A.D / 6th

Hijri:

Sayyida Rehana b. Shamun (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). She wasoriginally Jewish and came from Banu Quraiza.


Sayyida Maria Qibtia, the Copt (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) whowas originally a slave-girl who was sent to the presence of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as giftfrom Muqawqis, the Byzantine viceroy ruling the Copts in Egypt. She bore Hazrat Mohemmed(saww) a son, Sayyidna Ibrahim (RA) who died eighteen months after his birth.

628 A.D / 6th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Umm-e-Habiba (RA) the daughter of Abu Sufyan,the leader of the Quraysh and widow of Ubayd (who had been converted to Christianity inAbyssinia, where he died).

May, 628 A.D / Muharram-ul-Haram, 7th Hijri:

Messengers are sent to Muqawaqis, ruler of Egypt, Kisra of Persia, Qaisar (Heraclius) ofByzantium, the rulers of the Yemen and others, calling them to Islam.

June, 628 A.D/30Muharram-ul-Haram,7th

Hijri:

Battle ofKhayber took place. Shortly after the Muslims returned from Hudaybiyyah, they learntthat the Jews of Khayber were planning another attack on Madina to avenge their defeat. Theiragents, it was reported, were inciting other tribes as well. To forestall these moves the Muslims

marched on Khayber with sixteen hundred men and the Khayber fortress, reputed to beimpregnable, was stormed and conquered by Sayyidna Ali (RA) after a siege lasting twenty days.As a result the Jewish citadels of Khayber were conquered, and the growing strength of theMuslims became apparent.

628 A.D / 7th

Hijri:


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To avenge their defeat at Khayber, the Jews made a conspiracy against Muslims; they planned tokill Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions. For implementing the conspiracy,the wife of a Jewish notable slain in the war of Khayber, invited Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) andsome of his companions to a meal in her house. The food was poisoned. Hazrat Mohemmed(saww) had barely tasted the food when he suspected treachery and stopped eating but one of hiscompanions, Hazrat Bishr b. Bara, died of poisoning. According to the law of the time the wholeJewish community should have been held accountable for this treacherous crime and punishedaccordingly but Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) held his hand and only the guilty woman waspunished.

628 A.D / 7th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Safya (RA), the seventeen-year-old widow ofKinanah, chief of the Jews of Khaybar who had been killed at Khaybar. Sayyida Safya (RA)accepted Islam and married the prophet on the return journey to Madina.


The group of Muslims who migrated to Syria returned to Makkah.

628 A.D / 7th

Hijri:

Battle ofWadi-ul-Qura took place.

April, 629 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah 7th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) with two thousand of his trusted followers performed Umra-tul-Qaza(pilgrimage) as agreed in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and Hazrat Bilal (RA) called the prayer(Azan) from the top of the Kaaba, thus the Kalimah-e-Shahadah (the testimony of the faith)echoes in the valley of Makkah, while the Quraysh watch and listen from the hill of AbuQubays. The Muslims scrupulously observed the terms of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, eventhough they were now strong enough to dictate their own terms if they so desired.

629 A.D / 7th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Maymuna (RA) after the pilgrimage to Makkah.She was the sister in law of Prophets uncle Hazrat Abbas, and a widow.

629 A.D / 8th

Hijri:


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Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) and Hazrat Amr b.Al-Aas (RA) embraced Islam.

629 A.D / 8th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslim force in battle ofMauta. That was the battle inwhich Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) addressed Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) by the name ofSaif-Ullah (the Sword of Allah) which then became his honorary title.

12 January, 630 A.D / 20 Ramadan-ul-Mubarak, 8th

Hijri:

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was nearly two years old. The infidels of Makkah now violated one ofthe terms of the treaty. A tribe allied to them attacked a tribe allied to the Muslims, causing muchdamage to life and property. The aggrieved tribe brought their complaint to Hazrat Mohemmed(saww). He wrote to the infidels of Makkah and demanded the according to the term of thetreaty they should either indemnify the aggrieved tribe for their losses or break their alliancewith the aggressor tribe and let the Muslims deal with it as thought best. Alternatively they

should terminate the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The infidels of Makkah chose the latter and theTreaty of Hudaybiyyah was thus terminated. They soon realized how hasty and unwise they hadbeen and sent Abu Sufyan as their envoy to Madina to make amends. It was too late. Muslimswere to be fed up of the infidels of Makkah and their patience worn out at last, decided to pullout this thorn from their side. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) ordered his devotees to march towardsthe Makkah. A large force was accordingly assembled and it marched towards the Makkah.When they approached the end of their journey and Makkah was a few miles away, they haltedand encamped for the night. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) commanded that each group should lighta bright fire to give the infidels an idea of their strength. The infidels, he hoped would not givebattle once they knew that resistance was hopeless as always he was anxious to avoidunnecessary blood shed and so no blood was shed. The infidels of Makkah gave in, their leader

Abu Sufyan presented himself before Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as their envoy, and acceptedIslam. When Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah he made the following proclamation on behalf ofthe prophet Mohemmed (saww)

Whoever takes refuge in the house of Abu Sufyan shall be forgiven

Whoever remains indoors and keeps his door shut shall be forgiven.

Whoever enters the Kaaba shall be forgiven.

Whoever goes about his business unarmed shall go in peace.

No one was forced to change his faith or made to accept the faith of the conquerors as pre-conditions for personal security. Every one was given quarter on one simple condition-peaceful


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submission. So no resistance was seen then Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) entered in Makkah andconquered it without shedding a single drop of blood.

The Kaaba was purified of idols by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) himself. On that occasion, HazratMohemmed (saww) was reciting these verses:

"Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished,

For Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish." (17:81)

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) announced general pardon for everyone and said:

I have today abolished all customs and all rituals of the days ofjahillya (ignorance) exceptthat arrangements for the distribution of water to the pilgrimage from the holy well of

zamzam (pure water) will continue as before.

O, people of Quraysh! Take heed: Allah (swt) has destroyed your factionalism of the days

ofjahillya, and your pride in blood and lineage. All men are equal. All are descended fromthe same ancestor, Adam. And Adam was nothing but dust.

Thus the holy city of Makkah was now Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) undisputed domain, hisgreatness lies in the fact he won Makkah, his native city, without any actual war or blood shed.

1st

February, 630 A.D /11 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri:

Battle ofHunain took place. Immediately after the conquest of Makkah the Muslims fought abattle against the allied tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif at a point between Makkah and Taif.During the battle field Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) prayed:

Allah (swt)! I ask of thee thy promise.

Suddenly the tide of battle turned. Afterwards the revelation came:


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Assuredly Allah (swt) did help you in many battle-fields and on the day of Hunain:

Behold! Your great numbers elated you, but they availed you naught: the land, for all that

it is wide, did constrain you, and ye turned back in retreat. But Allah (swt) did pour His

calm on the Messenger and on the Believers, and sent down forces which ye saw not: He

punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He reward those without Faith. Again will Allah, after

this, turn (in mercy) to whom He will: for Allah (swt) is Oft-forgiving, most Merciful. (9:25-

27)

The Muslim victory in this battle persuaded the desert tribes to accept Islam and shortlythereafter the rebel tribe of Taif also surrendered and entered Islam.

3rd

February, 630 A.D/ 13 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri:

Battle ofTaiftook place.

630 A.D / 8th

Hijri:

Majority of the people ofHawazin tribe embraced Islam.

630 A.D / 9th

Hijri:

The beginning of the year of Deputation; when tribes from all over Arabia accepted Islam.

630 A.D / 9th

Hijri:

The Department for alms and charity was established.

630 A.D / 9th

Hijri:

Sayyida Maria Qibtiya (RA) bore Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) a son, named Ibrahim (RA).

October, 630 A.D / Rajab-ul-Murajab, 9th Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led a military expedition to Tabuk in North Arabia. It was the lastbattle who led by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww).


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630 A.D / 9th

Hijri:

Usury was declared prohibited in Islam.

630 A.D / 9th

Hijri:

Tribes Hamadan, Banu Asad and Banu Abbas embraced Islam.

631 A.D / 9th

Hijri:

Hajj (the pilgrimage) that year was led by Sayyidna Abu Bakr (RA). Hajj was made obligatoryfor Muslims who are affluent enough.


Hazrat Mohammed (saww) sent Sayyidna Ali (RA) on a mission to Yemen.

631A.D / 10th Hijri:

Tribe Ghassan embraced Islam.

27January, 632 A.D / 10th

Hijri:

Mohemmeds (saww) son Ibrahim (RA) died at the age of eighteen months.

632 A.D / 10th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) set off for Makkah to perform the last Hajj.

9 March, 632 A.D / 9th

Zilhaj, 10th

Hijri:

The Farewell Pilgrimage while delivering his last sermon at plain of Arafat to the multitudeHazrat Mohemmed (saww) received the final revelation of Quran. In his last sermon at Arafat,he mounted his camel and said:


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O, people, listen carefully to my words for I may not be among you next year, nor ever

address you again from this spot.

O, people, verily Allah (swt) has made inviolable for you each others blood and each

others property, until you meet your lord, even as he has made inviolable this, your day, in

this your land, in this your month.

O, people, women have rights over you just as you have rights over them. Be good to them.

O, people, you may soon have to appear before your lord and answer for your deeds. So,

beware! Do not go astray after I am gone.

O, people, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born.

O, people, listen to me in earnest! Worship your Allah; say your prayers, fast during the

month of Ramadan, and give of your wealth in charity. All Muslims, free or enslaved, have

the same responsibilities. None is higher than other unless he is higher in virtue.

O, people, feed your slaves as you feed yourselves. Do not oppress them nor usurp their

rights.

During the sermon of Arafat the last passage of Holy Quran was revealed:

Today the unbelievers have despaired of your religion, therefore fear them not, but fear

you me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed my blessingupon you, and I have approved Islam for your religion. (5:4-5)

Thus Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) turned his blessed face to heaven and said:


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My Lord! Have I delivered aright the Massage I was charged with and fulfilled my

calling?

And the assembly responded with one voice:

Oh, Prophet (saww) by God! You have!

ThereuponHazrat Mohemmed (saww) lifted his fore-finger towards the heaven and thenpointing towards people, said:

O, Lord: Bear Thou witness unto it.

632 A.D / 13th

Zilhaj, 10th

Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) returned to Madina.

632A.D / 11th Hijri:

Delegation from Nakaha came to meet Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). It was the last delegations

who met him.

632A.D / 18th Safar-ul-Muzzaffar, 11th Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) fell ill.

8 June, 632 A.D / Rabi-ul-Awwal, 11th Hijri:

On one of the day of the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal, in 11 th year of the Hijrah, when the sun wasnear its zenith, Rehmat-al-il-Aalameen (A mercy to the universe) Hazrat Mohemmed (saww)passed away at 63 (To Allah (swt)We belong, and to Him is our return) in the home of thefavorite of his wives Sayyida Ayesha (RA). Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) tomb in the mosque ofMadina is venerated throughout Islam.


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Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) grandson Sayyidna Hassan (RA) composed two couplets in aeulogy of his great grandfather. These couplets are the reflection of every Muslim. SayyidnaHassan (RA) says:

No eye has ever seen a better person than thee,

And none more handsome than thee was born to any woman;

Thou wast created free from all defects,

As if thou wast created as thou desired to be created.

Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) bounty did not cease to flow and his blessed mission remained

continue. His companions and his followers kept his mission alive. The expansion of his message(Islam) carried on, within a hundred years, its realm extended from Spain to India. Today it isfound in every corner of the world, and over one billion people are counted as Muslim, who

recite as the foundation of their faith, the words:

There is no God but Allah,

Mohemmed (saww) is the Messenger of Allah.

In the holy Quran Allah (swt) says:

Allah (swt) and His angels send blessings on the Prophet: O ye that believe! Send ye

blessings on him, and salute him with all respect. (33:56)

O Allah (swt)! Send blessings upon Mohemmed and upon the family of Mohemmed as

You sent blessings upon Abraham and upon the family of Abraham; indeed, You are

praiseworthy and glorious.

O Allah (swt)! Bless Mohemmed and the family of Mohemmed as You blessed Abraham

and the family ofAbraham: indeed, You are praiseworthy and glorious.


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