Abhishek

Agarwal

IIT Kharagpur

• Introduction of the project

• Field Survey

• Project Engineering

• Requirement (Technical Details)

• Cost Benefit Analysis

• Engineering Design

Content

Welcome to the ‘Biogas as a source of energy in rural India’ Report

The Understanding of rural need and complete study is based on village Balrampur, which served as

laboratory.

This report focuses on the Biogas in Balrampur and consists

• Detailed Data: A deep dive on Key Facts & analysis, Plan Layout, Production Procedure, Problems /

Unmet needs, Biogas Attribute Importance, Details of concept, Details of raw material, Machine and

Water Usage, Working Capital and Financial Feasibility analysis.

Introduction

Programme Objectives & Methodology

• 50 Families who used at least once firewood cooking yesterday

• Rural sample only

• Aged 18-65

• Hard quotas on age, region, social grade and working status to reflect the nationally representative profile of people.

• Living Standard Measure used to identify people.

• House selected on Ad-hoc basis

August - October 2014

Sample Definition

Field Work Period

LSM 1-3

LSM 7-9

Avg. no ofDurablesOwned (out of 51)

House, Water & Electricity

LSM 13-15

LSM 19 45

Global LSM Hierarchy of

Ownership

• Electricity

Home Convenience Entertainment & Communication Mobility

• TV (Colour)• Electric iron

• Municipal water

supply to taps

inside

• Electric fan

• Refrigerator

• Pressure cooker

• Telephone

• DVD Player

• Microwave oven

• Fridge Freezer

• Vacuum cleaner

• Electric Kettle

• Electric Mixer

• Hi-fi stereo

• Video player

• Stand alone radios

• PC/desktop computers

• Still cameras digital

• Personal CD/ cassette player

• Motor car

• Bicycle/manual cycle rickshaw

• Gas supply (piped

directly into home)

• Central heating

• Truck/ pick-up/ utility/ bakkie/tractor

• Two wheeled motorised vehicle• Air conditioning

• Electronic home security system

• Washing machine

• Cooker

• Tumble dryer

• Dishwashing

machine

• Fax machine

• Docking station

• Home cinema/ theatre/ entertainment centre

• Still cameras: non-digital

• Video cameras

• Mobile Phones/ car phones

• DVD recorder

• Electronic car navigation system

• Radio clocks

• Laptop

• MP3 player/ ipod

• Mobile phone with email

• LCD/Plasma

• Gaming console

23

32

1

4

8

11

16

• Electric deep fat fryer

• Separate deep freezer

• Water filtering device

• Portable air conditioner

• Water purification device

Options Vs. Factors

SafetyVolatility in

global pricesSupply

ConsistencyAffordability

Sustainability

Score

Import of O&G 10

Wood 13

Nuclear Power 13

LPG Sources 14

Domestic Biogas

Production18

Energy Security

Energy is a lifeline

Sudden increase in

Global Prices

Supply Consistency

E&P Policy Objectives

Energy Security

Energy Access

Climate Change

“We need to graduate from energy security to energy independence”

Three Factors definesEnergy Security whichin-turn affect the E&PPolicy Objectives

• Equal weightages has been givento all the criteria of selection

• Continuous use of firewood foundto be least sustainable in long run

• LPG lags behind in safety duringproduction and usage

• Renewable source supply areconsistent and affordable

• Domestic Production is a clearcut winner with the highestscore

Energy Security

- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Energy Matrix : Options available Vs. Criteria of Selections

Process Engineerin

g

Process engineering focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimizationof chemical, physical, and biological processes

Process engineering of Bio gas plant incorporates five major aspects

Process Engineering

Preliminary Information

Production Program year wise

Operational and

Maintenance

Details of Raw materials

Machineries

Preliminary Information

Finance sources

Biogas Development and Training Centers (BDTCs)

Private Entrepreneurs

NGOs

Bank loans

Specialized government agencies which already involved in the biogas program have adequate capacity to develop projects based on carbon credit financing

Financial help from banks can be avail by taking loans for biogas plants which are covered under ‘priority lending’ schemes of the Government

Preliminary Information

Finance sources

Clearance

Clearance from various Govt. agencies along with registration and NOC from various organizations need to sanctioned prior to establishment of plant

Various agencies and organizations

NOC

Panchayat

Municipality

clearance

Land clearance State Govt.

Registration

IT Board

ST Board

Pollution Board

Environmental clearance process in India

Site Selection

Conduct EIA

Apply for NOC

SPCB arrange for Public Hearing

Project Proponent apply for Environment clearance, submitting required documents [ EIA report, NOC from

SPCB, etc.]

Review by Environmental Appraisal Committee

RejectedAcceptedChange suggested

Operation and

maintenance

Transport of Raw materials

FermenterBiogas

Generation

Distribution of Biogas

Manure and dung

Foodstuff remnants, fats

or sludge

Renewable resources corn, beets or grass

Raw materials

• Distribution and supply of biogas can be done best byopening a fueling center where people can come onregular basis and refill their cylinders

• For maintenance plant need to be shutdown at regularduration in a year, proper cleaning and equipmentcheckup should be done by engineers form outside thisall will insure higher operating efficiency in long run

Operating and maintenance staff can de recruitedfrom rural only (utilizing human resources) and theirbriefing and training can be done from experts untilthey are self sufficient in operating and maintainingplant

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Total Population of the Balarampur village 30000

No. of persons in every Household 4

Total No. of Households 7500

Ratio of Household to Cattle 2:1

Total No. of Cattle 3750

Estimated Dung production per Cattle 4.5 kg/head/day

Amount of manure produced daily 16875 kg/day

Actual weight of slurry recoverable 10125 kg/day

Volume of biogas produced by a 6m3 digester 3.5 m3/day

Calorific Value of Biogas 20 MJ/m3

Joules available per household per day 0.07 MJ/m3

Instead of installing a big plant, we can install plants of size around 6 m3

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF BIO

GAS PLANT

Construction of the plant Wage and Material cost Redemption and Interest

Daily requirement of firewood per Household 2.5 Kg / day / Household

Cost of Firewood INR 1.3 / kg

Total Cost of Firewood purchased INR 3.25 / day / Household

Material INR 16398.75

Labour INR 10928.66

Monthly Maintenance Cost INR 1639.87

Technical Services INR 1147.92

Total INR 29485.20

Certain assumptions regarding the cost analysis of bio gas plant:

Operating costs and maintenance cost (Monthly)• Staff cost for Fault diagnosis, regular check, training on biogas technology• Costs for maintenance materials and change of spare parts

For example, a reasonably conservative estimate for maintenance costs would be 5-10 percent of the investment cost.

Labour costs are also difficult to calculate in the case of household units since the normal operation of the biogas system isundertaken by the family members themselves.

Technical services is another difficult item to estimate. Generally, this cost is borne by the government, and as such would beaccounted for in the social cost-benefit analysis. This would be around 5-7 percent of the investment cost as the extension expense.

For a 6.5 m3 digester Biogas Plant

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF BIO

GAS PLANT

WHY BIOGAS PLANT ?

Biogas Plant

Beneficiary Villager : Health, Time,

Money, Convenience

Village Co-operative :

Revenue

Village : Cleanliness & Hygiene,

Employment generation

Environment : Clean fuel, Proper

Waste disposal