Sam Higginbottom Institute Of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences

Topic : “ Biofuel is an alternative

source of Sustainable Energy” PRESENTED BY, Manoj.B.S M.Sc. Ag. Biochemistry , III Semester, Dept. of BCBE, JSBB, SHIATS.

WHAT IS BIO FUEL? • Bio fuel is a type of fuel whose energy is

derived from biological carbon fixation. • Bio fuels include fuels derived from biomass

conversion as well as solid biomass and liquidfuel biomass.

Types of Bio fuels:1)Bio diesel2)Bio ethanol3)Bio gas4)Bio hydrogen

High yield of oil %. Least risk of failure. Least cultivation inputs. High acceptability of farmers. Suitability of oil for diesel. Wide adaptability to stress. Fast growing &Short rotation. Availability of seed materials. Least disease occurrence.

Different generations of biofuels

• Neem (Azadirachta indica),• Karanj (Pongamia

pinnata ),• Meswak (Salvadora species

),• Mahua (Madhuca indica ),• Rubber ( Hevea species ),• Castor (Ricinus

communis ),• Palm oil / Rice bran oil ,• Jatropha (Jatropha curcas ).

Non edible oil tree species

What is Biodiesel?• Alternative fuel for diesel engines; made from

vegetable oil, animal fat, Algae etc.• Meets health effect testing (CAA)• Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), High

Octane number and excellent lubricity, Safer, Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.

• It effects Biodiversity and Food vs Fuel debates.• Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl

esters produced usually from triglyceride esters

Fatty AcidAlcoholGlycerinVegetable Oil

BiodieselFAFAFA

FA

Common milk weed

HYDROCARBON PRODUCING CROPS

• some plants like Euphorbia lathyris, milk weed and tree legume produce hydrocarbons which can be converted into and used as diesel, called biodiesel.

Tree legume

Algae and Biodiesel• Algae Biodiesel is a good

replacement for standard crop Biodiesels like soy and canola

• Up to 70% of algae biomass is usable oils

• Algae does not compete for land and space with other agricultural crops

• Algae can survive in water of high salt content and use water that was previously deemed unusable

• Much of the world uses a system known as the "B" factor to state the amount of biodiesel in any fuel mix.

• 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100• 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is

labeled B20• 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is

labeled B5• 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is

labeled B2

BIODIESEL : FIRST TRIAL RUN ON TRAIN

First successful trial run of a superfast passenger train was conducted on Dec 31, 2009

Delhi - Amritsar Shatabdi Express used 5% of biodiesel fuel.

Railway annual fuel bill = Rs 3400 crores (for Diesel)

10% mixture with Diesel = reduced (Rs.300-400 crores /

annum) 5% substitution is accepted.

• Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

• It is 50-70% methane.• Cow dung mixed with water to

create slurry• Slurry is put into airtight digester• Methane created and collected• Jatropha, Neem cakes slurry can also

be used instead of cow dung slurry.

BIOGAS