Biochemistry Answer Key BLUE PACOP

7/24/2019 Biochemistry Answer Key BLUE PACOP

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BIOCHEMISTRY BLUE PACOP

__ 1. What two enzymes are used to bypass the pyruvate kinase reaction of glycolysis?I. pyruvate carboxylaseII. PEP carboxykinaseIII. Fructose biphosphatase

IV. Glucose-6-phosphateA. I & II D. II & IVB. III & IV E. II & III

C. I &III

__ 2. Which of the following includes the main goals of Pentose Phosphate Pathway?I. produce ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesisII. produce NADPH and NADP for oxidoreductive biochemical synthesisIII. to interconvert pentoses and hexoses

A. I & II D. I, II & IIIB. II & IIIC. I & III

__ 3. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the secondary structure ofnucleic acids?I. Guanine forms base pairs with cytosine via 2 hydrogen bondsII. The B form of the DNA is the most common in biological systemsIII. The breaking of H-bonds caused by high temperature is called melting

A. I,II & III D. I & IIB. I & II E. II only

C. II & III

__ 4. The phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate forms the potent secondarymessengers inositol triphosphate & diacylglycerol via what enzyme?

A. Phospholipase A D. Phospholipase BB. Phospholipase CC. Phospholipase D

__ 5. Which of the following is not true regarding the four enzyme complexes of the electrontransport chain?

A. Complex I is known as the NADH-CoQ OxidoreductasesB. Complex II is known as Succinate-CoQ OxidoreductasesC. Complex III is known as Cytochrome OxidaseD. Complex IV is known as Cytochrome Oxidase

__ 6. Glucose and mannose are epimers at:A. Carbon 4 C. Carbon 3B. Carbon 2 D. Carbon 5

__ 7. One important endogenous molecule for synthetic biotransformation of xenobiotics is

glucoronic acid. It is actually the most dominant conjugative biotransformation pathway due to thereadily available source of glucose. It is produce from glucose via:

A. Oxidation at carbon 1 C. Oxidation at carbon 6B. Oxidation at carbon 2 D. Oxidation at carbon 1 & 6

__ 8. Which of the following is not true about protein structure determination?A. NMR is the primary means of determining protein structureB. Protein are difficult to crystallize, a disadvantage of x-ray crystallographyC. An advantage of the use of the NMR is that proteins analyzed are in their natural state


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D. Large and very complex proteins can only be analyzed by x-ray crystallography

__ 9. Tertiary structures of proteins are primarily stabilized byI. H-bondsII. Hydrophobic interactionsIII. Ionic bondsIV. Disulfide bonds

A. I & III D. I, II& IVB. II & IV E. II, III & IVC. I,III & IV

__ 10. In an uncompetitive inhibition of enzymatic action :A. Inhibitor binds either to the free enzyme or the enzyme substrate complexB. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the enzyme alone (control) & the enzyme + inhibitor are

parallel to each otherC. The apparent Km is raisedD. The Vmax is unaffected

__ 11. Which biomolecule is not considered a biopolymer?A. Proteins D. Nucleic acids

B. Lipids E. FatC. Carbohydrates

__ 12. It is regarded as the universal biological energy currencyA. Adenosine triphosphate C. UncouplersB. Guanosine triphosphate D. Calories

__ 13. This is the final electron receptor of the electron transport chainA. Complex I C. Complex VB. Complex II D. Complex IV

__ 14. The most accepted hypothesis regarding oxidative phosphorylation isA. Chemical coupling D. Lock and Key Theory

B. Conformational coupling E. DiffusionC. Chemiostatic hypothesis

__ 15. This is a quantitative study of the energy transformationsin the living cellA. Bioenergetics C. ProteonomicsB. Thermodynamics D. Metabolomics

__ 16. Which of the following hormones promotes rapid glycogenolysis in both liver and muscleA. ACTH C. EpinephrineB. Glutemine D. Prolactin

__ 17. Which vitamin can be used in the management of hyperlipidemia?A. Thiamine C. Niacin

B. Riboflavin D. Panthotenic acid

__ 18. Bond between 2 amino acidsA. Glycosidic bond C. Peptide BondB. N-glycosyl linkage D. Hydrogen bond

__ 19. Beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs in theA. Cytosol C. Endoplasmic reticulumB. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes


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__ 20. The pentose phosphate pathway occur in the ________ of the liver, muscle and kidney.A. cytosol C. endoplasmic reticulumB. mitochondria D. ribosomes

__ 21. The isoelctric point is theA. pH where the alpha amino acid exist in its negatively charged formB. pH wherein the amino acid exist in zwitterionic formC. Temperature at which the amino acid denaturesD. Pressure at which the amino acid hydrolyzes

__ 22. This is the only optically inactive amino acidA. methionine C. CitrullineB. Lysine D. glycine

__ 23. This level of protein structure is applicable only to those have several subunitsA. Primary C. TertiaryB. Secondary D. Quaternary

__ 24. Arginine is the only metabolite of the urea cycle that does not accumulate becauseA. It is readily excreted

B. It is used up by the body for protein synthesisC. There is no known deficiency in the enzyme that catabolizes itD. It can ve acquired from food

__ 25. This is the genetic condition characterized by deficiency of the enzyme branched chainalpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

A. Maple syrup disease C. KwashiorkorB. Hartnup disease D. Marasmus

__ 26. These are compounds related to cerebrosides that contain sphingsine, long chain fattyacids, hexoses (usually galactose or glucose) and neuramic acid

A. cephalins C. cytolipinsB. gangliosides D. lecithins

__ 27. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion fructose-6-P to fructose-1,6-bis-PA. hexokinase C. PFKB. pyruvate kinase D. glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

__ 28. Which of the following is called transamination?A. Conversion of amino acids to hydroxyl groupsB. Conversion of amino acids to keto acidsC. Loss of ammonia from amino acidsD. Formation of ammonium salts from ammoniaE.

__ 29. The sugar involved in the DNA

A. ribose C. deoxyriboseB. pentose D. xylose

__ 30. Thisis the reason why blood AB is considered as the universal recipient.A. It is the most common among the ABO blood typesB. Blood type AB has neither A nor B substancesC. Blood type AB has either anti-A nor anti-B antibodiesD. All of the above

__ 31. Which one is true regarding the structures of lipids?


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A.Eicosanopentanoic acid is a saturated fatty acidB. They may exist as esters of cholesterol when they are enclosed in very low densityC. Linoleic acid is an omega-3 fatty acidD. Capric acid contains 12 carbons

__ 32. This is the product of basic hydrolysis of fats and oilsA. fatty acid C. soapB. triacylglycerol D. detergent

__ 33. The group of lipids is considered amphipathicA. sterols C. trans-fatty acidsB. fatty acids D. phospholipids

__ 34. Which properly describes a liposome?A. It is a hollow sphere-like structure composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing an

aqueous cavityB. It is a lipid structure wherein the hydrophobic chains of the fatty acids are

sequestered at the core of the sphere with virtually no water in the hydrophobic interiorC. It is a lipoprotein integrated in the phosphopolipid bilayer of the cell membranesD. It is a hollow sphere-like structure composed of a lipid monolayer enclosing a

hrdrophobic cavity

__ 35. It is the building block of essential fatty acidsA. Malonyl CoA C. Acetyl CoAB.phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate D. HMG CoA

__ 36. The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the________.A. mouth C. small intestineB. stomach D. duodenum

__ 37. Cellular elements of the blood devoid of nucleusA. RBC C. thrombocytesB. WBC D. all of the above

__ 38. Conjugated proteins which are a combination of amino acids and carbohydratesA. nucleoproteins C. phosphoproteinsB. glycoproteins D. chromoproteins

__ 39. Glucose is normally absent in the urine because kidneys normally completely reabsorb allglucose. Which of the following is true?

A. Glucosuria confirms diabetes mellitusB. Glucosuria necessarily means hyperglycemiaC. Glucosuria is solely attributed to insulin problemD. Glucosuria may occur in other disease states

__ 40. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which can cause acute confusion, ataxia and

opthalmoplegia, can be treated with which of the following?A. riboflavin C. thiamineB. ascorbic acid D. pantothenic acid

__ 41. This is the major excretory product of purine nucleotidesA. inosine monophosphate C. methylmalonyl CoAB. uric acid D. tetrahydrofolate

__ 42. This is the phenomena of renaturation of nucleic acid after it has been subjected to highthen to room temperature


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A. Hydrolysis C. annealingB. Polymerase chain reaction D. hybridization

__ 43. This is the base sequence for the start codonA. UAG C. AUGB. UGA D. UAA

__ 44. This feature of bacterial cells confers selectivity of antibacterial agents targeting proteinsynthesis to the bacteria and not to the host cell.

A. mRNA C. lack of cell wallB. 40s ribosomal subunit D. 30s ribosomal subunit

__ 45. This is also known as the RNA-directed DNA polymeraseA. RNA polymerase II C. DNA polymerase alphaB. Reverse transcriptase D. DNA polymerase II

__ 46. What essential amino acid is used in the synthesis of niacin?A. Tyrosine C. tryptophanB. Methionine D. Phenylalanine

__ 47. The cellular particles are often referred y their sedimentation coefficient value, for example

70s ribosomes that is expressed in terms of 10 -13 seconds. The abbreviation s stands forA. subunit C. SvedbergB. Seconds D. None of the above

__ 48. The best known building blocks of RNA and DNA areA. purinase C. fatty acidsB. pyrimidines D. a and b

__ 49. The following are pathological constituents of urine, except:A. glucose C. creatinineB. albumin D. blood

__ 50. Glucose and galactose differ only in the configuration of their hydroxyl group at carbon 4.

Glucose and galactose areA. diastereomers C. epimersB. enantiomers D. anomers

__ 51. The chemical representation shows the most stable conformation of hexoaldopyranosesA. Fischer projection C. Haworth FormulaB. Boat conformation D. Chair conformation

__ 52. It is the most abundant hexose inside the bodyA. L-glucose C. L-riboseB. D-glucose D. D ribose

__ 53. Upon hydrolysis sucrose yields

A. glucose and galactose C. fructose and glucoseB. xylose and glucose D. 2 glucose units

__ 54. This is the process of biosynthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursorsA. glycolysis C. gluconeogenesisB. glycogenesis D. glycogenolysis

__ 55. Which is most likely the effect of insulin in glucose metabolismA. It promotes lipolysis in adipose tissueB. It promotes exocytosis of glucose transporters in the skeletal muscles


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C. Activates protein kinase A which eventually leads to inactivation of pyruvate kinaseD. It promotes the hormonal role of glucagon in glucose metabolism

__ 56. The activation of plasminogen requiresA. NaOH C. acetic acidB. bicarbonate D. HCl

__ 57. Glucose,fructose and galactose all have the same chemical formula C6H12O6, throughthis information, we can conclude that these substances are

A. Anomers C. enatiomersB. Epimers D. isomers

__ 58. The end product in the hydrolysis of glycogen isA. galactose C. glucoseB. mannose D. arabinose

__ 59. Ketoses can be differentiated from aldose by this testA Molischs test C. Seliwanoffs testB. Benedicts test D. Tollens test

__ 60. Which of the following statements is/are correct?I. The difference between intake and output of nitrogenous compounds is known as

hydrogen balanceII. In a healthy adult, nitrogen balance is in equilibrium when intake equals

outputIII. Positive nitrogen balance ocuurs when dietary intake is less then excretion

of nitrogenous compoundsIV. Negative nitrogen balance results when there is too much protein intake

A. 3 only D. 2 & 4B. 1 & 2 E. 1-4C. 1 & 3

__ 61. The formation of purple ring at the junction of the acid and sugar layers in the Molischstest detects the presence of ___________.

A. carbohydrates C. lipids

B. proteins D. nucleic acids

__ 62. The observance of a red colored solution in Seliwanoffs test detects the presence of______________.

A. Aldoses C. PentosesB. Ketohexoses D. Saccharides

__ 63. This test distinguishes between reducing sugar monosaccharides and reducingdisaccharides based on the difference in the rate of reaction.

A. Barfoeds test C. Osazone testB. Benedicts test D. Mucic acid test

__64. In xanthoproteic test, proteins with aromatic amino acids undergo _________ to give an

intense yellow colored solution in alkaline media.A. condensation C. nitrationB. Acetylation D. oxidation

__65. Biuret test forms ______ colored complex with cupric ion in basic solutions of compoundswith 2 or more peptide bonds.

A. green C. violetB. red D. yellow

__66. When starches are heated they produce


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A. Sugars C. dextrinB. Glycogen D. disaccharides

__67. The principal end product of protein metabolismA. carbon dioxide C. hippuric acidB. ammonia D. urea

__68. Myoglobin and hemoglobin possess a cyclic tetrapyrole, heme, as a prothetic group. Whichof the following is found centrally located in the heme?

A. Mg C. FeB. Al D. P

__69. The following are the components of DNA nucleosides exceptA. phosphoric acid C. adenineB. sugar D. cytosine

__ 70. The enzyme decarboxylase is an example of _________ enzyme.A. hydrolase C. racemaseB. ligase D. lyase

__ 71. The spontaneous isomerization of two stereoisomers in aqueous solution that causes

specific rotation is known as

A. zwitterions rotation C. mutarotationB. micelle rotation D. stereorotation

__ 72. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?A. dextrose C. lactoseB. dextran

D. sucrose__ 73. The substance that is isolated from the brain and produces fatty acid, galactose andsphingosine upon hydrolysis is known as

A. sterols C. glycolipidsB. phospholipids D. saponins

__ 74. Which of the following is NOT a hydrolyzed product of lecithins?A. fatty acid C. phosphoric acidB. glycerol D. sphingosine

__ 75. Albumin is an example of aA. simple protein C. derived proteinB. conjugated protein D. hydrolyzed protein

__ 76. This is the product of the complete reduction of oxygenA. water C. hydrogen peroxideB. superoxide anions D. hydroxyl radicals

__ 77. Which is not a B-complex vitamin?A. folic acid C. riboflavinB. nicotinic acid D. ascorbic acid

__ 78. Rotation of polarized light is caused by the solution of all the following amino acids exceptA. alanine C. leucineB. glycine D. valine

__ 79. What test can be used to differentiate galactose from lactose?A. Benedicts test C. Barfoeds test


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B. Iodine test D. Mucic acid test

__ 80. Alpha-naphtol reaction is also known asA. Molischs test C. Phenylhydrazine testB. Ninhydrin test D. Fehlingstest

__ 81. Which of the following is not about PKU?A. It is a disease usually characterized by metal abnormalitiesB. A high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid is found in the urineC. It occurs due to excessive secretion of phylalanine hydroxylase enzymeD. A Guthrie test is normally used to detect it

__ 82. Sweet taste of a compound is generally attributed toA. presence of H ions C. presence of cations and anionsB. presence of OH ions D. presence of alkaloids

__ 83. The rate of hydrolysis depends onI. pressureII. pH of the solutionIII. Temperature

A. I only C. II & III onlyB. I & II only D. I, II & III

__ 84. Which of the following is NOT recommended to treat hypoglycemia induced by acarbose?A. dextrose C. glucagonB. table sugar D. glucose

__ 85. Which of the following is normally NOT found in the bacter ial bit present in human cells?A. golgi body C. lysosomeB. mitochondria D. endoplasmic reticulum

__86. This term refers to an intact enzyme with a bound co-facor.A. holoenzyme C. zymogen

B. apoenzyme D. prosthetic group

__87. The color of the skin, hair and eyes is due to a pigment calledA. cytochrome C. keratinB. melanine D. heparin

__88. Serotonin is synthesized from this amino acidA. tryptophan C. tyrosineB. threonine D. alanine

__89. Keratin in hair and horny tissue, elastin in tendons and arteries, and collagen in skin andtendons belong to what type of simple proteins?

A. glutelins C. protamines

B. histones D. albuminoids

__90. Nucleosides upon hydrolysis will yieldA. adenine + phosphate C. histones + riboseB. quinine + phosphate D. cytosine + ribose

__ 91. Which of the following is/are true about lysozyme?I. It is generally known as the power house of the cell.II. It helps in the removal of damaged cell


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III. It contains a bactericidal agent such as lysozyme that kills bacteria before itdamages the cell.

A. I only C. II & III onlyB. I & II only D. I, II & III only

__92. Which of the following is the rate limiting step in synthesis of RBC?A. availability of pre-erythrocytes C. oxygen transport capacityB. availability of hemoglobin D. presence of erythropoietin

__ 93. Which of the following helps in absorption of vitamin B12 ?A. erythropoietin C. hemoglobinB. intrinsic factor D. apoferritin

__ 94. Which of the following factors affect the solubil ity of solutes?I. temperature II. pH III. Common ion effects


__ 95. Which of the following factors affect the protein binding drugs?I. pregnancy II. Hypoalbuminemia III. Uremia


__ 96. Some serum enzymes are used in clinical diagnosis. Which of the following enzyme/s maybe used to diagnose myocardial infarction?

I. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidaseII. AST or SGOTIII. Creatine phosphokinaseIV. Lactate dehydrogenase

A. III only C. I,II & IIIB. II & IV only D. II,III & IV

__ 97. Which of the following test is specific for amino acids and free amino group?

A. Biuret test C. Ninhydrin testB. Hopins cole test D. Xanthoproteic test

__ 98. The following sugars are aldohexoses exceptA. fructose C. glucoseB. galactose D. mannose

__ 99. Arrange the following secondary derived proteins from highest to lowest molecular weight.A. peptides>peptones>proteoses C. proteoses>peptones>peptidesB. proteoses>peptides>peptones D. peptones>proteoses>peptides

__ 100. Is the sum total of all activities directed towards the maintenance of life

A. catabolism D. photosynthesisB. anabolism E. fermentationC. metabolism

__ 101. n protein, amino acids are joined covalently byA. hydrogen bond C. oxygen bondB. peptide bond D. disulfide bond

__ 102. The denaturation of protein can occur in the presence ofI. heat


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II. strong acidIII. organic solvents


__ 103. Which of the following about sickle cell anemia is NOT true?A. It is a genetic disorder resulting from the production of variant hemoglobinB. It is characterized with pain, life long hemolytic anemia and tissue hypoxiaC. The replacement of leucine at the sixth position of the beta-globulin chain for glutamate

is generally responsible for causing it.D. The form Hbs has an extremely low solubilityncompared to Hba which results into the

aggregation of molecules that form or create sickle shaped red blood cells.

__ 104. The enzyme withits cofactor is generally known asA. coenzyme C. apoenzymeB. holoenzyme D. prosthetic

__ 105. The process in which the release of energy rich molecules such as glucose and fattyacid ocuurs in mitochondria is known as

A. oxidative decarboxylation C. oxidative deaminatio

B. oxidative phosphorylation D. oxidative dehydrogenation

__ 106. Hopkins cole is used to identify which of the follow ing amino acids?A. threonine C. lysineB. tryptophan D. leucine

__107. ____________ stereoisomers of cyclized monosaccharide molecules differing only inconfiguration of the substituents on the carbonyl group.

A. diastereomers C. epimersB. enantiomers D. anomers

__ 108. Proteins digestin starts in theA. mouth C. stomach

B. small intestine D. large intestine

__ 109. The sugar that yields only glucose when hydrolyzed isA. galactose C. fructoseB. maltose D. sucrose

__ 110. What is the visible result of Molischs test?A. green or blue green C. cherry red colorB. brick red precipitate D. purple ring at the junction

__111. The breakdown of complex molecules such as protein, lipid and polysaccharide into implemolecules such as carbon dioxide, water and ammonia is knon as

A. aerobic glycolysis C. anabolic reactionB. catabolic reaction D. gluconeogenesis

__ 112. What would be the end product of glycolysis in the cell with mitochondria?A. glucose C. pyruvateB. glycogen D. lactate

__ 113. Which of the following substance levels is found to be deficient in a patient G6PDdeficiency?

A. alpha-antitrypsin in reduced form C. glutathione in reduced formB. bradykinin in reduced form D. trypsin in elevated form


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__ 114. Which of the following causes hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency?I. oxidant ring II. Ingestion of fava beans III. Certain types of infections


__ 115. Which of the following should be classified as a disaccharide?A. ribose C. glycoproteinB. lactose D. glycosaminoglycans

__ 116. Which of the following accurately describes Barfoeds test?A. general test for carbohydrates C. specific test for galactoseB. test for ketoses D. test to differentiate mono and disaccharides

__ 117. Which of the following statements is/are correct?I. Although cocoa butter is vegetable oil, it is solid at room temperatureII. Although cocoa butter is an animal fat, it is liquid at room temperatureIII. Although cod liver is animal fat, it is liquid in room temperatureIV. Although cod liver oil is vegetable oil, it is solid at room temperature

A. III only C. II & IVB. I & III D. II only

__ 118. This gives a negative result to Benedicts test.A. glucose C. lactoseB. sucrose D. maltose

__ 119. The number of chromosomes in the human cell isA. 41 C. 43B. 42 D. 46

__120. A condition known as atherosclerosis results as an accumulation in the blood vesselsA. calcium C. cholesterolB. pathogens D. ketones

__ 121. The pairs of structure that are mirror images of each other are known asA. Isomers C. epimersB. Enantiomers D. mutarotation

__ 122. In humans, the principle storage of glycogen is found in theI. skeletal muscle II. Liver III. Spleen


__ 123. Which of the following substances should be classified as a polysaccharide?A. glucose C. sucroseB. hyaluronic acid D. glycoprotein

__ 124. Which of the following agents acts as an emulsifying agent for metabolism of lipid in theduodenum?A. gastric lipase C. pancreatic juiceB. bile salt D. secretion

__ 125. Which of the following is a building block of membrane of nerve tissue?A. prostaglandin C. thromboxaneB. sphingomyelin D. leukotriene

__ 126. The enzyme alpha-amylase cleaves________ to maltose and maltriose


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A. chondroitin sulfate D. amylopectinB. cellulose E. amylaseC. heparin

__ 127. Glycogen is an example of aA. disaccharide C. polysaccharideB. monosaccharide D. none of the above

__ 128. This is also known as protein-calorie malnutrition. It is a state resulting from the chronicdeficiency of calories, which can occur even in the presence of adequate intake of protein

A. marasmus C. hemochromatosisB. Obesity D. Kwashiorkor

__ 129. Rotation of polarized light is caused by solutions of all the following amino acids except:A. alanine C. leucineB. glycine D. valine

__ 130. Butter becomesrancid upon exposure to air due to formation ofA. acetic acid C. formic acidB. butyric acid D. propionic acid

__ 131. Which of the followingis considered protein deficient malnuturition?I. Kwashiorkor II. Marasmus III. Steatorrhea


__ 132. Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin K?A. cabbage and cauliflower C. vegetable oilsB. fatty fish and liver D. yellow and green vegetables and fruits

__ 133. Which of the following codons are generally known as stop or non sense codons?I. UAG II. UGA III. UAA

A. I only C. II & III onlyB. I & II only D. I, II & III only

__ 134. To find out if a substance carcinogenic, which of the following test should be performed?I. Ames Test II. Pyrogen Test III. Biopsy of cells


__ 135. The synthesis of proteins and lipids in cells is generally carried out byA. mitochondria C. golgi apparatusB. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysozymes

__136. Denaturation is a randomization of the conformation of a polypeptide chain. Chemicalagents like strong acids or bases, heat, ionic detergents, etc. are involved in this process. Whichof the following structures remain unaffected with denaturation?

I. Primary II. Secondary III. Tertiary IV. QuaternaryA. I only C. I, II & IIIB. I & II D. I, II, III & IV

__137.Which of the fallowing statements about amino acids is true?A .Acidic amino acids bear a positive charge at pH 7.0B. all amino acids have chiral carbon.C. lysine and arginine are basic amino acids.D. all of the above.


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__138.Which of the fallowing is a codon for methionine?A.UAG C.UGAB.AUG D.UAA

__139.Which of the fallowing amino acids is not essential in mammals?A.Phenylalanine C.TyrosineB.lysine D.methionine

__140.The chif end product of purine metabolism in manA.CO C.uric acidB.urea D.ammonia

__141.The growth of bacteria remains constant in which of the fallowing phase?A.Lag phase C.stationary phaseB.Log phase D.decline phase

__142.When the transfer of genetic information from one cell to another cell is carried out by theplasmid,it is known as

A.transformation C.conjuction (conjugation)B.transduction D.transaction

__143. Which of the following are essential fatty acids in humans?I. Linoleic acid II. Linoleic acid III. Arachidonic acid


__ 144. The principal energy-carrying molecule in a cell isA. AMP C. ATPB. ADP D. NADP

__ 145. Which of the following enzymes is a rate limiting step in glycogenolysis?A. glucose-6-phosphate C. glycogen synthaseB. CAMP-dependent protein kinase D. glycogen phosphorylase

__ 146. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is present only in the DNA?A. Adenine C. CytosineB. Thymine D. Uracil

__ 147. Which of the following ions is cotransported with glucose in the small intestine?A. K C. CaB. Na D. Mg

__ 148. Maltose, a disaccharide is composed ofA. glucose + galactose C. glucose + glucoseB. glucose + fructose D. glucose + mannose

__ 149. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the

A. nucleus C. cytoplasmB. mitochondria D. lysosomes

__ 150. IUPAC name of acroleinA. pentenal C. hexanalB. propenal D. acetone

__ 151. Which of the major serum proteins is involved in protein binding of drugs?A. alpha-1 acid glycoprotein C. albumin

B. lipoprotein D. beta-1 acid glycoprotein


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__ 152. Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin A?

A. cod liver oil C. citrus fruitsB. carrots D. leafy vegetables

__ 153. The secondary structure of protein consist ofI. alpha helix II. Beta sheet III. Beta bend


__ 154. The small and circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules that carry genetic informationfor future generations in bacteria are known as

A. lysozymes C. mitochondriaB. plasmids D. cytoplasm

__ 155. Which of the following RNA types comprises 80% of RNA in the cell?I. Ribosomal RA II. Transfer RNA III. Messenger RNA

A. I only C II & III onlyB. I & II only D. I, II & III

__ 156. A reddish solution results after the addition to iodine TS to an unknown solution.Subsequent addition of ammoniacal basic lead acetate to a portion of the unknown solutionresults to the formation of a precipitate. The results of the tests confirm the presence of

A. glycogen C. starchB. dextrin D. lactose

__ 157. D-threose and L-threose are examples ofA. Anomers C. diastereomersB. enantiomers D. conformational isomers

__ 158. This test is used to confirm the presence of the phenolic ring of tyrosineA. Ninhydrin test C. Schiffs test B. Anthrone test D. Millon-Nasse

__ 159. The energy producing reactionA. metabolic C. anabolicB. catabolic D. all of these

__ 160. Which of hydrolysis product of starch is responsible for forming a dark blue complex withiodine?

A. amylopectin C. maltoseB. amylase D. all of the above

__ 161. This is the main pathway for carbohydrate catabolism in all human tissues.A. glycolysis C. fructose catabolismB. glycogenolysis D. galactose catabolism

__ 162. These are esters of fatty acid and glycerolA. fixed oil and fats C. sterolsB. waxes D. phospholipids

__ 163. The enzyme for glycolysis are found in theA. mitochondrion C. ribosomesB. cytosol D. nucleus

__ 164. What is the positive result for Fehlings test?


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A. violet precipitate C. green precipitateB. brick red precipitate D. amorphous crystals

__ 165. The cell markers which serve as basis for he ABO blood types are classified as what typeof biopolymers?

A. proteins C. lipidsB. carbohydrates D. nucleic acids

__ 166. Detect the presence of alpha amino acidsA. Biuret C. NinhydrinB. Molisch D. Hopkins cole

__ 167. None- protein molecules that are often associated with proteins calledA. prosthetic group C. zwitterionsB. side chain D. casein

__ 168. These stereoisomers are nonsuperimposable mirror image of each other. They are alsocalled optical isomers because they rotate polarized light in opposite directions.

A. enantiomers C. anomersB. diastereomers D. both a and b

__ 169. The absence of this enzyme results to phenylketonuriaA. phenylalanine dehydrogenase C. homogentisate oxidaseB. phenylalanine hydroxylase D. either a or b

__ 170. Dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine are collectively called catecholamines. Whichof the following amino acids serves as a precursor in the synthesis of these catecholamines?

A. tryptophan C. tyrosineB. threonine D. alanine

__ 171. This refers to the spatial arrangements of amino acid residues close to one another in thelinear sequence of a polypeptide chain.

A. primary C. tertiaryB. secondary D. quaternary

__ 172. Which of the following is/are point mutations?A. insertion D. all of the aboveB. deletion E. only a and b

C. transition__ 173. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double stranded polynucleotide. The base content of DNAdisplays three sets of equivalent pairs. Which of the following are equivalent base pairs?

I. A=T II. C=G III. A+G=T+C IV. A+G is not always equal to T + CA. III only C. I, II & IIIB. I & II D. I II & IV

__ 174. Which carbon in the sugars is responsible for the difference between the two nucleic

acids?A. carbon-1 C. carbon-3B. carbon-2 D. none of the above

__175. The normal pH of the bloodA. 7.4-7.45 C. 5.5-6.6B. 6.6-6.9 D. 4.8-8

__ 176. Fruity odor of the urine is indicative of ketone bodies, a diagnostic value in case ofacidosis in


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A. diabetes insipidus C. cretinismB. porphyria D. diabetes mellitus

__ 177. These are discontinuous stretches in which the lagging strand is initially synthesizedduring DNA replication.

A. enhancer C. Okazaki fragmentsB. operon D. primer

__ 178. This DNA mutation occurs when a purine replaces a pyrimidine or vice versaA. transitional C. insertionB. transversional D frame-shift

__ 179. A purine replaces another purine in ___________ mutations.A. transitional C. insertionB. transversional D. frame-shift

__ 180. This substance accumulates in the muscles as a result of vigorous exercise:A. muscle glycogen C. lactic acidB. amino acids D. glucose

__ 181. This test is also known glyoxylic acid reaction

A. Millon-Nasse C. Hopkins coleB. Ninhydrin D. None of the above

__ 182. This is caused by the inadequate intake of protein in the presence of adequate intake ofcalories.

A. Marasmus C. hemochromatosisB. obesity D. Kwashoirkor

__ 183. This hormone may sometimes be useful in the reversal of cardiac effects of beta-blockeroverdose because of its ability to increase cAMP production in the heart.

A. insulin C. somatomedinB. somatostatin D. glucagon

__ 184. The cholesterol molecule isA. an aromatic ring C. a steroidB. a straight chain acid D. a tocopherol

__ 185. The proteinase that is found mostly in the gastric acid juice of young animalsA. rennin D. ptyalinB. pepsin E. none of the aboveC. steapsin

__ 186. The non sugar portion of glycosides is known asA. aglycone D. Both a and bB. genin E. both b and cC. glycone

__ 187. Humans catabolize purine to__________.A. urea C. allantoinB. uric acid D. both b and c

__ 188. Principal digestive constituent of the gastric juiceA. trypsin C. gastrinB. pepsin D. enterokinase


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__ 189. This rare human disorder, which progresses to photosensitivity, caused by an inheritedexcinuclease deficiency.

A. xeroderma pigmentosa C. Fanconis anemiaB. Blooms syndrome D. Hodgkins lymphoma

__ 190. The reagent present in Molisch test which is responsible for the dehydration reactionA. sodium carbonate C. sulfuric acidB. magnesium stearate D. NaOH

__ 191. Genetic information is stored and carried in all cells byA. single-stranded DNA C. double-stranded RNAB. double stranded DNA D. double-stranded circular DNA

__ 192. This is a general test for carbohydratesA. alpha-napthol reaction D. both a and bB. Molischs test E. both b and cC. Phenylhydrazine reaction

__ 193. Lecithin is an example ofA. fixed oil and fats C. sterols

B. waxes D. phospholipids

__ 194. These are esters of high molecular weight, monohydric alcohols and high molecularweight fatty acids.

A. fixed oil and fats C. sterolsB. waxes D. phospholipids

__ 195. Glutamine is a ___________ amino acidA. neutral C. acidicB. basic D. racemin

__196. In all phosphorylation reaction, this metal is an essential cofactor.A. Cu C. Mg

B. Fe D. Al

__ 197. The glycosidic bond formed in glycosides is an example ofA. ester bond C. ketone bondB. ether bond D. non covalent bond

__ 198. Actinomycin D, an antineoplastic drug, intercalates between two GC pairs in DNA. Whichof the following processes does it inhibit?

A. translation C. DNA repairB. transcription D. replication

__ 199. This is the main pathway for carbohydrate catabolism in all human tissues.A. glycolysis C. fructose catabolism

B. glycogenolysis D. galactose catabolism

__200. Lard is an example of what chemical class of lipid?A. fixed oils and fats C. sterolsB. waxes D. phospholipids

__201. These are alcohols containing the CPPP nucleusA. fixed oils and fats C. sterolsB. waxes D. phospholipids


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__ 202. What is wobble?A. The ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at the third baseB. An error in translation induced by streptomycinC. Mechanism that allows for a peptide extension in the 50s subunit of the ribosomeD. Thermal motions leading to a local denaturation of the DNA double helix

__203. These are organelles that contain the enzymes for pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle,beta oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and ETC

A. golgi apparatus C. nucleusB. lysosomes D. mitochondria

__ 204. Which of the following sugars form insoluble phenylhydrazone readily?A. sucrose C. arabinoseB. galactose D. mannose

__205. Which of the following is an example of waxes?A. cholesterol C. spermacetiB. ergosterol D. lecithin

__ 206. Viruses are not cellular, but are rather termed as biological entities. The main reason

why viruses are considered acellular entities is becauseA. A virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNAB. A virus is very small compared to bacteriaC. A virus is pathogenicD. Scientist can not classify viruses under the 5 kingdoms Whittaker

__ 207. Which of the following statements is/are true?A. Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acidsB. Vegetable oils are generally liquidC. Vegetable oils are generally solidD. Both a and bE. Both b and c

__ 208. What is the positive visible result for Liebermann-Burchard test?A. yellow crystal C. white amorphous precipitateB. black precipitate D. bluish-green color

__ 209. After digestion and absorption, all biopolymers are converted to the common product_______________.

A. acetyl coA C. citrateB. pyruvate D. any of the above

__ 210. The total net ATP produced in aerobic glycolysis is _____ ATPs per mole of hexose,depending on which shuttle predominates in the transport NAD/NADH.

A. 4 to 6 C. 4 to 8B. 6 to 8 D. 8 to 10

__ 211. The signs of pellagra include dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (three Ds) and loss oftongue papillae. Which of the following is/ are deficient in pellagra?

A. niacin C. both a and bB. tryptophan D. Pellagra is not a deficiency state.

It is an autoimmune disorder

__212. Fibrous and globular proteins belong to what protein structure?A. primary C. tertiaryB. secondary D. quaternary


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__213. The isoelectric pH is the pH midway between pK values on either side o the electricprocess. Which of the following equations gives an accurate estimate to isoelectric pH?

A.pl=pK1=pK2 C.pl=(pK1+pK2) x 2B. pl=(pK1+pK2) / 2 D. pl=pK1>pK2

__ 214. Each end of the DNA double helix contains 5 end of one strand and the 3; end of theother strand----- this statement describes what characteristic of the DNA structure?

A. complementary C. semiconservative replicationB. anti parallel D. base pairing

__ 215. The arrangement of polypeptide chains in relation to one another in a multi-chainedprotein refers to what structure?


__216. Which of the following statements below gives an accurate description of collagen?A. It is fibrous proteinB. The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen, a triple helix of three polypeptide chainC. Vitamin A is important in catalyzing the hydroxylation of prolin

D. All of the aboveE. Only A and B

__ 217. Random coils and triple helices are examples of what protein structure?A. primary C. tertiaryB. secondary D. quaternary

__ 218. How many hydrogen bond is formed between cytosine and guanine?A. 1 C. 3B. 2 D. none

__ 219. The DNA structure is a double helix containing chains which are complementary. Whichof the following statements best describes complementarity?

A. In the chains, each end of the helix contains the 5 and of one strand and the 3 end ofthe other.

B. Adenine binds to thymine, and cytosine binds to guanineC. Several codons may code for the same amino acidD. All of the above

__220. Which of the following amino acids possess a phenolic hydroxyl group?A. serine D. A and B onlyB. threonine E. All of the aboveC. tyrosine

__221. Certain metals and trace elements are important as enzyme cofactors. What metal ispresent in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase that replaces S in one cysteine active site?

A. Fe C. SeB. Co D. Zn

__222. This immunoglobulin is responsible for mediating hypersensitivity by causing the releaseof mediators from mast cells and basophils upon exposure to antigens or allergens

A. IgA C. IgDB. IgG D. IgE

__223. The OH group on the penultimate or second to the last carbon atom determinesA. D(dextro) or L(levo), dextro pointing to the right and levo pointing to the left


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B. D(dextrorotatory) or l(levorotatory), regarding optical activityC. Both satements are correctD. Both statements are incorrect

__ 224. Which of the following is/are example/s of catabolism?A. glycogenesis D. both a and bB. glycolysis E. both b and cC. beta oxidation of fatty acids

__225. How many ATPs are produced in the conversion of one mole FADH2 to FAD?A. 2 C. 4B. 3 D. 12

__ 226. How many ATPs are produced in the reduction of one mole of NAD to NADH?A. 2 C. 4B. 3 D. 12

__227. How many ATPs are produced for every oxidized acetyl CoA?A. 10 C. 14B. 12 D. 8

__228. The site of citric acid cycleA. cytosol C. ribosomesB. mitochondria D. any of the above

__229. Trimetophrim and Methotrexate are folate reductase inhibitors. The use of theaforementioned drugs predisposes a person to develop:

A. nausea and vomiting C. normocytic anemiaB. dermatitis D. megaloblastic anemia

__230. One way of classifying proteins through their physical properties. Which of the following issoluble in water and salt solutions, and has no distinctive amino acids?

A. prolamine C. albuminB. globulin D. histones

__231.Using equation of pI, calculate the pI( isoelctric pH) of alanine. pK1(R-COOH)= 2.35;pK2(R-NH3+)=9.69

A. 6.02 C. 24.08B. 12.04 D. 5.0

__ 232. This type of mutation occurs when the codon containing the changed base may becomea termination codon

A. nonsense mutation C. silent mutationB. missense mutation D. transitional mutation

__233. The result of a point mutation that occurs when UCA (coding for serine) is converted toUCU (also coding for serine) is called

A. nonsense mutation C. silent mutationB. missense mutation D. any of the above

__234. Which fibrous protein is an important structural component of arterial blood vessels andligaments.

A. keratin C. elastinB. collagen D. fibronectin

__235. Which of he following are purine bases?A. adenine and thymine C. cytosine and thymine


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B. adenine and guanine D. cytosine and uracil

__236. Which of the following amino acids contain/s basic side chainsA. Histidine D. All of the aboveB. arginine E. only a and bC. leucine

__237. Which of the following aminoacids has an imino group?A. phenylalanine C. tyrosineB. proline D. threonine

__238. The overall arrangement and interrelationship of various regions or domains, andindividual amino acid residues of a single polypeptide chain is ___________.


__239. a-helix and B-pleated sheets belongs to what structure?A. primary C. tertiaryB. secondary D. quaternary

__240. Which of the following is/are example/s of essential amino acids?A. tyrosine C. tryptophanB. threonine D. Both a and b

E. both b and c

__241. Which of the following is the central hub in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids andamino acids?

A. glycolysis C. beta oxidationB. pentose phosphate pathway D. citric acid cycle

__ 242. What is the visible result for aminoguanidine reaction?A. purple ring at the junction C. brownish black precipitateB. green D. bright reddish purple

__243. Ascorbic acid, glucoronides, and some drugs act as reducing agents. How would thesesubstances affect Benedicts test result?

A. they may give false negative result C. they would not affect the resultB. they may give false positive result D. they would enhance the sensitivity

of the test__244. Which of the following statements is/are true?

A. The carbonyl carbon in aldoses is carbon 1 C. both statements are correctB. The carbonyl carbon in aldoses is carbon 2 D. both statements are false

__245. Which of the following acts synergistically with Vitamin E?A. Se C. CoB. Co D.Mn

__246. Histamine, a chemical messenger mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions, gastricacid secretion and neurotransmission of the brain. Which of the following amino acids, whichwhen decarboxylated yields histamine?

A. tyrosine C. tryptophanB. histidine D. any of the above

__247. Among the fibrous protein l isted below, which are the major proteins of the skin and hair?A. keratin C.elastinB. collagen D. fibronectin


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__ 248. The coenzyme FMN and FAD is responsiblefor the oxidative deamination of amino acids.Which of the following vitamins is related to these coenzymes?

A. B1 C. B3B. B2 D. B5

__ 249. These are slightly longer, catalytically inactive forms of enzymes.A. apoenzyme C. holoenzymeB. zymogen D. both a and b

__250. Ninhydrin is widely used for detecting amino acids. What is the visible result for ninhydrintest in the presence of proline and hydroxyproline?

A. purple C. yellowB. red D. green

__251. Xanthoproteic test is forA. free amino groups C. cysteineB. arginine D. tyrosine

__252. What is the positive visible result for xanthoproteic test?A. yellow color deepening into orange C. bluish greenB. violet color D. old rose

__253. This test is used to identify the presence of peptide linkagesA. Ninhydrin C. Hopkins coleB. Biuret D. Sakaguchi

__ 254. Pauly diazo test indicates the presence ofA. histidine C. tryptophanB. tyrosine D. both a and b

__ 255. Specific test for arginineA. Biuret C. NinhydrinB. basic lead acetate D. Sakaguchi

__ 256. Process of converting liver glycogen into blood glucoseA. glycogenolysis C. glycolysisB. glucogenesis D. glycogenesis

__257. The clinical test for the determination of cholesterolA. Liebermann Burchard C. both a and bB. Salkowski D. none of the above

__258. What diet would you advice the childs mother with PKU to give to her baby?A. rich in tyrosine, lacks phenylalanine C. rich in phenylalanine,lacks tyrosineB. equal quantities of tyrosine and phenylalanine D. regular infant formula

__259. What important neurotransmitter uses tryptophan as its precursor?

A. histamine C. norepinephrineB. acetylcholine D.serotonin

__260. Which of the following are the branched-chain amino acids responsible for thecharacteristic sweet smell of the urine of patients with Maple syrup urine disease

A. leucine, isoleucine and valine C. lysine, alanine and valineB. leucine, alanine and valine D. lysine, isoleucine and valine

__261. This results from the oxidation of heme protein in hemoglobin resulting to increasedoxygen affinity, and therefore failure to adequately deliver oxygen to tissue


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A. thalassemia C. sulfhemoglobinemiaB. methemoglobinemia D. sickle cell anemia

__ 262. Which of the following enzymes adds an inorganic phosphate to break a bond?A. kinase C. phosphataseB. phosphorylase D. ligase

__263. What is the deficiency state of folic acid?A. aplastic anemia C. megaloblastic anemiaB. microcytic anemia D. macrocytic anemia

__264. Cheilosis, glossitis, seborrhea and photophobia are manifestations of what deficiencystate?

A. thiamine C. niacinB. riboflavin D. pyridoxine

__ 265. This immunoglobulin prevents the attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucousmembranes. It is found in body secretions suchas tears, colostrum, saliva, sweat and smallintestines.

A. IgD C. IgM

B. IgA D. IgE

__266. Pepsinogen is an example ofA. apoenzyme C. cofactorB. holoenzyme D. zymogen

__267. This enzyme adds hydrogen atoms to a moleculeA. reductase C. ligaseB. oxidase D. synthase

__268. Which of the following enzymes is an example of hydrolases?A. esterase C. aminotransferaseB. racemase D. decarboxylase

__ 269. This type of enzyme cleaves a carbon to carbon bond to create an aldehyde groupA. esterase C. aldolaseB. transferase D. protease

__270. Mutarotation is a process of interconversion between tha alpha and beta forms, using theopen-chain structure as an intermediate. Which of the following undergoes mutarotation?

A. monosaccharides C. polysaccharideB. disaccharides D. amino acids

__271. Which of the following presents a cyclic sugar structure?A. Fischer projection C. chair conformationB. Haworth projection D. boat conformation

__272. The deficiency of which of the following enzymes predisposes persons taking sometherapeutic agents (e.g. 4-aminoquinolone,sulfinamides, and propanthelin) to hemolytic anemia?

A. glucose-1-phosphate C. pyruvate dehydrogenaseB. glucose-6-phosphate D. thymidylate synthase

__273. What type of glycosidic bond joins the dimmer of glucose to form maltose?A. - 1, 4 C. - 1, 2C. - 1, 4 D. - 1, 2


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__ 274. Which of the following blood types is considered as the universal donor?A. A C. ABB. B D. O

__ 275. Which of the following is/are examples of glycosaminoglycans?A. hyaluronic acid D. all of the aboveB. mucopolysaccharides E. only a and cC. chondroitin sulfate

__276. This is differentiating test for aldose and ketose sugars.A. Seliwanoffs test C. Barfoeds testB. Fehlings test D. any of the above

__277. This is known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathwayA. glycolysis C. glycogenesisB. glucogenesis D. glycogenolysis

__278. Which of the following enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction of glucose toglucose-6-phosphate?

A. hexokinase C. PFKB. pyruvate kinase D. glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

__279. Which of the following enzymes is most important in controlling glycolysis?A. . hexokinase C. PFKB. pyruvate kinase D. none of the above

__280. Among the different cells in the body, only these lack mitochondria which renders themincapable of TCA.

A. platelets C. erythrocytesB. leukocytes D. brain cells

__281. This refers to aldose-ketose interconversionA. tautomerization C. glycogenesisB. mutarotation D. conjugation

__282. The citric acid cycle is an example of a/an ____________ metabolism.A. anabolic C. amphibolicB. catabolic D. none of the above

__283. These are esters of glycerol in combination with fatty acid, phosphoric acid and certainnitrogenous compounds.

A. fixed oil and fats C. sterolsB. waxes D. phospholipids

__284. Which of the following statement is true when fats and fixed oils are heated strongly?A. fats liquefy C. decomposition occurs accompanied bythe production of acrid flammable vapors

B. oils becomes less viscous D. any of the above

__285. These are lipids that contain carbohydrate ( galactose or glucose), one fatty acid andsphingosine, but no phosphoric acid and glycerol.

A. cerebrosides C. cytolipinsB. gangliosides D. any of the above


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__286. Gangliosides, cerebrosides and cytolipins are collectively called __________.A. phospholipids or phosphatide C. sulfolipidsB. glycolipids D. lipoproteins

__287. This is the deposition of lipid plaques on the lining of the arteriesA. atherosclerosis C. Tay Sachs diseaseB. Gauchers disease D. hyperlipoproteinemia

__288. The state of high serum levels of acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid is calledA. ketonemia C. ketosisB. ketonuria D. ketoacidosis

__289. The following are glycolipids exceptA. globosides C. gangliosidesB. phosphatides D. cerebrosides

__290. The parent compound of phospholipidsA. glycerol C. ethanolamineB. phosphatidic acid D. none of the above

__291. ID test to detect the presence of glycogenA. phloroglucinol C. IodineB. Molisch D. Seliwanoff

__292. The only sugar readily forms insoluble aszone crystalsA. Lactose C. mannoseB. sucrose D. glucose

__293. Important structural material found in the exoskeletons of many lower animalsA. chondroitin C. hyaluronic acidB. heparin D. chitin

__294. General term for a group of polysaccharides present on the primary cell wall

A. xanthan C. pectinB. mucilage D. carrageenan

__ 295. Specific test for galactose, due to formation of highly insoluble crystalsA. phenylhydrazine test C. mucic testB. fermentation D. Molisch

__296. Type of RNA which serves as a template for the amino acids sequence being synthesizedA. mRNA C. rRNAB. tRNA D. none of the above

__297. The steps of central stateA. replication, translation and transcription C. replication, transcription and translation

B. replication, transcription and transmission D. transcription, translation and replication

__298. Reverse transcription takes place inA. bacteria C. algaeB. virus D. molds

__ 299. The following are enzymes found in the pancreatic juice, except:A. papain C. chymotrypsinB. trypsin D. carboxypolypeptidase


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__300. All of the following carbohydrates are considered to be polysaccharide, except:A. heparin C. glycogenB. starch D. maltose

Biochemistry Answer Key BLUE PACOP

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